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# Recombinant DNA Technology **Definition:** Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from two or more sources into a single molecule. This process produces new genetic combinations valuable to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry. **Alternative Name:** Re...

# Recombinant DNA Technology **Definition:** Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from two or more sources into a single molecule. This process produces new genetic combinations valuable to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry. **Alternative Name:** Recombinant DNA technology is also known as genetic engineering. **Discovery:** This technology emerged in 1968 with the discovery of restriction enzymes by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber. ## Process of Recombinant DNA Technology 1. **DNA Extraction:** To work with DNA, scientists extract it from the desired organism. A sample containing the gene of interest is processed to isolate the DNA. 2. **Gene Cloning:** Scientists use gene cloning to separate the target gene from the rest of the extracted genes and create numerous copies of it. 3. **Gene Design:** Once cloned, genetic engineers design the gene to function within a different organism. This is done by cutting the gene with enzymes and potentially replacing certain sections. 4. **Transformation:** The modified gene is then inserted into target cells using various techniques like gene guns, agrobacterium, microfibers, and electroporation. **Maintenance and continuation:** The recombinant DNA must be introduced into the host organism and maintained there, passing on to future generations.