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# Mometrix ## Symptoms Of Ulcerative Colitis * Abdominal pain may be absent or mild unless severe disease. * Bloody diarrhea/rectal bleeding in absence of infection may result in anemia and fluid and electrolyte depletion. Diarrhea is more frequent as colonic involvement increases. * Fecal urgency...

# Mometrix ## Symptoms Of Ulcerative Colitis * Abdominal pain may be absent or mild unless severe disease. * Bloody diarrhea/rectal bleeding in absence of infection may result in anemia and fluid and electrolyte depletion. Diarrhea is more frequent as colonic involvement increases. * Fecal urgency and tenesmus may occur. * Anorexia results in weight loss and fatigue. * Systemic disorders with eye inflammation, arthritis, liver disease, and osteoporosis occur as immune system triggers generalized inflammation. ## Treatment Includes: * Aminosalicylate * Steroids * Immunomodulatory agents * Antispasmodics * Iron supplementation * High protein diet with decreased fiber. ## Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in children, affecting about 1.5 million children and adolescents with 70-85% with Type 1 and the rest with Type 2. The peak age of onset for both types is 10-12 in girls and 12-14 in boys. ### Type 1 * Immune-mediated form with insufficient insulin production because of destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Symptoms include: * Pronounced polyuria and polydipsia * Short onset * May be overweight, or have recent weight loss * Ketoacidosis present on diagnosis * Treatment: * Insulin as needed to control blood sugars * Glucose monitoring 1-4 times daily * Diet control with carbohydrate control * Exercise ### Type 2 * Insulin resistant form with defect in insulin secretion. Symptoms include: * Long onset * Obese with no weight loss or significant weight loss * Mild or absent polyuria and polydipsia * May have ketoacidosis or glycosuria without ketonuria * Androgen-mediated problems such as hirsutism and acne * Hypertension * Treatment: * Diet and exercise * Glucose monitoring * Oral medications ## Target Plasma ### American Diabetes Association A1C Levels For Type 1 | Ages | A1C Levels | |---|---| | 0-6 | Plasma glucose, Plasma A1C, Increase | | 6-12 | Plasma glucose, Plasma , A1C, Risks | | 13- | Plasma glucose, Plasma A1C, Individual | ## Hypoglycemia Recognize that normal blood glucose levels are about 1% higher in children than in adults. Maintain proper blood glucose levels. ## Laboratory Tests Glucose is manufactured by the cells. If insulin is not present properly increased waste products are the result. This can lead to skin issues and complications that need to be monitored. | | |---| | Normal | | Impaired | | Diabetes | There are a number of things that can affect blood glucose levels - Cushing syndrome, use of steroids, lithium, and other conditions that will cause a decrease in glucose levels. Hemoglobin A1C is a measure of average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months, this is especially used primarily for adults with Type 1 diabetes. | | |---| | Normal | | Elevation |