Pathological Physiology Quiz PDF

## Pathological Physiology Quiz ### Question 1 A massive pulmonary embolism occurs in a patient with acute cor-pulmonale. What pathological changes do you expect in the heart of this patient? - Right ventricular hypertrophy without dilation - Right ventricular dilation with hypertrophy - Right ve...

## Pathological Physiology Quiz ### Question 1 A massive pulmonary embolism occurs in a patient with acute cor-pulmonale. What pathological changes do you expect in the heart of this patient? - Right ventricular hypertrophy without dilation - Right ventricular dilation with hypertrophy - Right ventricular hypertrophy with dilation - Right ventricular dilation without hypertrophy ### Question 2 A patient with bilateral pheochromocytoma is diagnosed with von Hippel-Lindau disease. This condition is associated with which of the following? - Capillary hemangioma - Hemangioendothelioma - Strawberry hemangioma - Cavernous hemangioma ### Question 3 What is the most common site of syphilitic aneurysms? - Ascending aorta - Circle of Willis - Iliac arteries - Abdominal aorta ### Question 4 Arterial aneurysms due to underlying cystic medial degeneration are seen in patients with which of the following conditions? - Down syndrome - Marfan syndrome - Friedrich ataxia - Kawasaki syndrome ### Question 5 Which of the following statements about microscopic polyangiitis is not true? - Lesions of different stages of activity coexist in the same vessel - It is also known as leukocytoclastic vasculitis - It affects capillaries, small arterioles, and venules - MPO-ANCA positivity is seen ### Question 6 Which of the following best describes angiosarcoma? - Epithelial tumor - Reactive proliferation - Malignant neoplasm - Congenital malformation ### Question 7 Which of the following histologic findings would be most suggestive of Buerger's disease in a patient? - Fragmentation of neutrophils - Fibrinoid necrosis - Mononuclear infiltrates with perivascular cuffing of the vasavasorum - Thrombosis with microabscesses ### Question 8 Which type of Kaposi sarcoma is most commonly seen in patients with HIV infection? - Classical - Endemic - African - Epidemic ### Question 9 A patient was admitted four days back following acute myocardial infarction. What type of cells would you expect to see in the infarcted area in this patient? - Macrophages - Lymphocytes - Alveolocytes - Splenocytes - Mass cells ### Question 10 A young girl with bilaterally unequal pulses is diagnosed with Takayasu Arteritis. Which of the following is the most commonly involved site in Takayasu arteritis? - Coronary arteries - None of the above - Abdominal aorta - Subclavian artery - Pulmonary artery ### Question 11 You are conducting an autopsy of an elderly patient who was found dead in his home. Which of the following changes in the heart will not be suggestive of normal aging? - Basophilic degeneration of myocardium - Elastic fragmentation of aorta - Increased subepicardial fat - Increased left ventricular cavity size ### Question 12 What is the earliest detectable ultrastructural feature of myocyte necrosis? - Relaxation of myofibrils - Neutrophilic infiltrate - Myocyte hypereosinophilia - Sarcolemmal disruption ### Question 13 You are conducting the autopsy of a patient who passed away following myocardial infarction. What would be the earliest light microscopic change that can be observed in the heart of this patient? - Waviness of the fiber - Pyknosis of nuclei - Neutrophilic infiltration - Contraction band necrosis ### Question 14 Which of the following is the most common site of atherosclerosis? - Popliteal artery - Internal carotid artery - Femoral artery - Lower abdominal aorta ### Question 15 Which of the following patients with cardiac hypertrophy will have an associated increase in capillary density? - A patient with an echo finding of an aortic valvular area of 0.6cm² - A patient with a high pitched holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex - A patient with systemic hypertension - A patient who is a marathon runner who came for a pre-run evaluation ### Question 16 Which of the following statements is true regarding the modified Duke's criteria? - Complete dehiscence of prosthetic valve - Documentation of four minor criterion allows a clinical diagnosis - Single positive blood culture for Coxiella Burnetti is a major criterion - Single positive blood culture for HACEK group is a major criterion ### Question 17 Which of the following pathological changes occurs in the small vessels of patients suffering from hypertension? - Cerebrovascular hemorrhage - Hyaline arteriosclerosis - Atherosclerosis - Aneurysm formation ### Question 18 A child is brought by her parents to the OPD with complaints of a swelling on the right thigh. Further evaluation led to the diagnosis of capillary hemangioma in this patient. What is the most appropriate next best step? - Explain about the risk of malignant transformation of the tumor - Assure the parents about spontaneous regression of the tumor - Enquire about history of exposure to polyvinyl chloride - Test the child for retrovirus infection ### Question 19 Which of the following causes the maximum damage in reperfusion injury? - Free radicals - Monocytes activation - Neutrophil aggregation - Calcium overload ### Question 20 Which of the following antibodies is associated with vasculitis seen in patients with Kawasaki disease? - Autoreactive T cells - Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies - Immune complex deposition - Antiendothelial cell antibodies ### Question 21 Loss-of-function mutation in potassium channel gene KCNQ1 results in which of the following? - Short QT syndrome - Parkinson's disease - Central paralysis - Long QT syndrome - Familial atrial fibrillation ### Question 22 Which of the following vascular lesions are commonly seen in patients with Turner syndrome? - Pyogenic granuloma - Capillary hemangioma - Capillary lymphangioma - Cavernous lymphangioma ### Question 23 An elderly male working in a factory manufacturing PVC pipes is at risk of developing which of the following cancers? - Hemangiopericytoma - Cavernous hemangioma - Hemangioendothelioma - Angiosarcoma ### Question 24 Most congenital heart diseases arise between what weeks of embryogenesis? - 3 to 8 - 8 to 12 - 10 to 14 - 1 to 4 ### Question 25 The risk factors of hypertonic illness are: - Decstracardiya, physical overloading, climat terms - Deficit of sodium in food, surplus use of liquid, physical loading - Surplus use of sodium chloride, low physical activity, obesity - Surplus use of carbohydrates, surplus use of liquid, infectious diseases - Hypovitaminosis, deficit of calcium in food, low physical activity ### Question 26 The reason of atherosclerotical plaque ulceration is: - Inflammation of vessel wall - Thinning of vessel wall in the result of cells necrosis - Damage of endotheliocytes by immune complexes - Turbulence of the blood in damaged vessel at the increase of blood flow speed - Accumulation of cholesterol ### Question 27 Which of the following is the most common cause of mitral stenosis? - Atherosclerotic damage - Calcification - Infective endocarditis - Rheumatic heart disease ### Question 28 Vascular injury causes intimal thickening by which of the following mechanisms? - Thickening of basement membrane - Smooth muscles spasm - Smooth muscle proliferation - Endothelial cell hyperplasia - Deposition of hyaline material ### Question 29 Large, friable, irregular vegetations on heart valves are seen in which condition? - Libman-Sacks endocarditis - Rheumatic heart disease - Non-bacterial thrombotic carditis - Infective endocarditis ### Question 30 In a 50-year-old normotensive patient with a 10-year history of dyslipidemia, which of the following complications is he at least risk of developing? - Aneurysm - Infarction - Dissection - Claudication ### Question 31 A patient with anginal chest pain is planned for coronary angiography. What level of stenosis would you expect to see in the affected artery? - > 55% - > 60% - > 70% ### Question 32 A 3-year-old child was brought to the hospital with complaints of fever, rash and swelling of her hands and feet since past 5 days. There is desquamative skin rash, oedema of hands and feet, erythema of palms and soles, oral erythema, and cervical lymphadenopathy. What is the likely condition? - Measles - Scarlet fever - Kawasaki disease - Henoch Schonlein Purpura ### Question 33 A 60-year-old man presents with sudden onset blindness. He gives a history of frequent headaches along the sides of his scalp. What is the most probable diagnosis? - Giant cell arteritis - Takayasu arteritis - Thromboangiitis obliterans - Granulomatosis with polyangiitis ### Question 34 A patient was diagnosed with an asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm of a diameter of 3.6cm. On a follow-up visit 1 year later, the diameter was noted to be 3.8cm. What is the risk of rupture of the aneurysm in this patient at present? - 1% - 11% - 25% - Nil ### Question 35 A patient who is a known case of hypertension was diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. What is the likely underlying pathophysiology causing this condition? - Increased matrix metalloprotease expression - Decreased matrix metalloprotease expression - Medial hypertrophy of vasa vasorum - Obliterative endarteritis of vasa vasorum ### Question 36 A 55-year-old normotensive patient with dyslipidemia is undergoing a regular checkup. He is at an increased risk of developing all of the following except: - Thoracic aortic aneurysm - Iliac artery aneurysm - Ischemic heart disease - Stroke This quiz is about various aspects of pathological physiology, testing knowledge about different diseases, conditions, and their underlying mechanisms. Each question explores specific areas of interest, covering topics like cardiac physiology, vascular abnormalities, inflammatory conditions, and the effects of different diseases.