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2.2 SECURITY PROCEDURE FOR CREW MEMBER 2.2.1 HANDLING OF UNRULY / DISRUPTIVE AND DISORDERLY PASSENGER 2.2.1.1 INDONESIAN LAW NO. 2 / YEAR 1976 AND NO. 4 / YEAR 1976 1) Act No 2 year 1976 The Captain may restrain any disruptive passenger if he / she performs any acts likely to endanger the safety o...

2.2 SECURITY PROCEDURE FOR CREW MEMBER 2.2.1 HANDLING OF UNRULY / DISRUPTIVE AND DISORDERLY PASSENGER 2.2.1.1 INDONESIAN LAW NO. 2 / YEAR 1976 AND NO. 4 / YEAR 1976 1) Act No 2 year 1976 The Captain may restrain any disruptive passenger if he / she performs any acts likely to endanger the safety of the flight or is likely to jeopardize good order and discipline on board in flight, or to protect the safety of the aircraft or persons or property therein, or to enable him to deliver or to disembark disruptive passenger to competent authority. The Captain may require or authorized of other crewmembers to restrain the disruptive passengers. 2) Act No 4 Year 1976 Any people who on board an aircraft perform any acts likely to endanger the safety of the flight shall be punished with maximum 5 years in prison. Any person who on board an aircraft perform any acts likely to jeopardized good order and discipline on board in flight shall be punished with maximum 1 year in prison 2.2.1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF UNRULY / DISRUPTIVE AND DISORDERLY PASSENGER Refer to OM part A 8.2.2.10 Be alert to the personal behavior of any passenger that could threaten welfare of any other passenger or crewmember. The PIC is to be advised before a significant problem develops. The following acts or conditions are considered as violations of the laws of the country. Any persons so engaged or in such a state or any person, violating any other law or regulation may be removed from the flight and prosecuted to the extent of the law. The PIC is to be notified immediately when such an act or condition is discovered or suspected as below: Apparent. Being obvious influence of drugs (except under proper care). Threatening another passenger or a crewmember with physical violence. Incident exposure or proposals. Theft. Carrying an unauthorized deadly or dangerous weapon either concealed or unconcealed. Interfering with a crewmember. Interfering with the safety of flight. Conveying false information that any crime has been committed on flight (including a bomb threat). Committing or attempting to commit an act of aerial piracy. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 24 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 2.2.1.3 GUIDELINES FOR CREW MEMBER The PIC will be notified by the FA-1 if any passenger displays disruptive behavior. The PIC will coordinate with the other Flight Crew /Flight Attendants to take appropriate action to disruptive passenger. After attempting to defuse the situation, the PIC and the FA-1 will coordinate on the issuance of the Final Warning Card to the disruptive passenger. The PIC may take all reasonable measures, including the restraint of the unruly/disruptive passenger. The PIC should ensure that such force is reasonable and necessary to restrain the passenger. The PIC should consider restraining an unruly or disruptive passenger if: o All other feasible means of resolving the situation have been exhausted. o The urgency of the situation demands immediate restraint. o He considers that retraining of such passenger is not likely to cause an increase in safety hazard. The restrain can be continued after landing, until the police arrive providing the PIC notification of the relevant authorities, at the place of landing of the restraint of the passenger and the reasons for doing so. The authorities must be notified either before or after landing as soon as possible. 2.2.1.4 PROCEDURES ON THE GROUND 1. Flight Attendants on duty shall be notified about any passenger displays unruly/disruptive behavior. 2. Flight Attendants on duty shall approach disruptive passenger and give warning, which can repeat two times, and final warning. 3. If the passenger still continues unruly/disruptive behavior, FA-1 shall notify the PIC. 4. PIC will report to Aviation Security/ Station Manager and shall co-ordinate to take appropriate action. 5. PIC and FA-1 shall make occurrence report to their Chief. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 25 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 1 Issue: 4 Date: 24 September 2019 2.2.1.5 DURING IN-FLIGHT The passenger displaying unruly/disruptive behavior or refusing to obey legitimate instruction, must be reported by FA-1 to PIC. When attempting to control unruly/disruptive passenger the steps below should be followed: Speak assertive, stay calm, show respect to the person and empathize. Maintain a relaxed posture. Do not take it personally if the passenger is displaying anger towards you. Listen to the passenger and focus on what you can do rather than what you cannot do. If passenger complies with request, there is no further action required by the crewmembers. If the passenger continues to refuse to comply with regulation or disobey instruction given by crew member, FA-1 should give Verbal Warning that the Captain may decide to land the aircraft at the nearest available airport and off load him and the matter will be turned over to law enforcement authorities. This Verbal Warning should be done before the passenger is informed that the matter was being reported to the Captain. THE FIRST VERBAL WARNING: 1) Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening Sir/Madam, According to the Civil Aviation Regulations, we remind you to not smoking during flight/turn off the mobile phone/............ thank you for your cooperation. 1) Selamat pagi/siang/ sore/ malam Kami mohon perhatian Anda Sesuai peraturan penerbangan sipil, kami ingatkan agar Bapak/Ibu untuk tidak merokok / mematikan HP / ….…Terima kasih atas kerjasamanya. THE SECOND VERBAL WARNING: 2) Dear Sir/Madam, For the second time, we remind you that you have been disturbing and violating regulations as set in Act law No 1 in 2009(INDONESIA). 2) Untuk kedua kalinya saya ingatkan agar Bapak/ Ibu…............... karena telah mengganggu ketertiban dan tata tertib dalam penerbangan sebagaimana diatur pada UU RI Nomor I Tahun 2009. Note: Flight Attendants will give the second verbal warning including “LAW STATEMENT FOR DISRUPTIVE PASSENGER” card if necessary. (see APPENDICES 7.4.5) If the passenger still continues refusing to comply the regulations/instructions, “FINAL WARNING FROM THE PILOT IN COMMAND” form should be handed to the passenger to intensify his or her knowledge of the potential consequences of unruly/disruptive behavior. (see APPENDIX 7.2.1 ) If disruptive passenger do any physical interference to Flight Attendant or another Passenger, FA must inform to PIC immediately. Separate the passenger by changing seats; assign Flight Attendants to monitor the situation to prevent worsening. The PIC shall decide on the course the action after evaluating the situation. The Final written warning notice read out to the disruptive passenger Flight Attendants should ask two passengers to provide information and signed the witness form. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 26 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 2.2.1.5.1 RESTRAINT OF PASSENGER If PIC deems restraint necessary, he will authorize FA-1 to utilize the restrain device to secure the unruly/disruptive passenger. Securing the restraining device to the aircraft furnishings or structure must be avoided so as to facilitate quick evacuation during an emergency. ABP’s must be assigned to release the restrained passenger during an emergency. Duties and responsibility process restraining disruptive passenger: COMMUNICATOR The Flight Attendants who give warning to disruptive passenger HANDCUFFING The FLIGHT ATTENDANT who apply restrain kit ELEMENT OF SURPRISE The FLIGHT ATTENDANT or ABP who helped paralyze passenger Note: FA-1 should brief FA-2 and ABP before beginning the process of restraining disruptive passenger. 2.2.1.5.2 WITNESS OF THE INCIDENT (see APPENDICES 7.3.6) a. The Crew Members and passenger on the aircraft who actually witness the incident must make a written report at the time of incident, or as soon as possible thereafter, as to what happened, what was said and by whom. b. Such Crew Members must identify themselves to passenger and provide their contact details for future investigations. Those involve should be clearly identified, not only the passenger’s name, seat numbers, but if possible also the passenger’s phone number and address involved. This note must be preserved for possible use in the future. c. The person in charge of the passenger list should ensure that this list, including references to seat rows and numbers, are preserved. This will assist the police in identifying the location of witness in relation to the offending passenger. d. The following details should be noted at the time of incident: Aircraft registration. Pilot in Command (PIC). FA-1 name and ID number. Flight Number/Route. Name, nationality and details of the journey of Disruptive Passengers. Record the details of the incident. Record the details in a form that can be readily handed over to the police Name of Witness by detail (Seat Number, Phone number) (see APPENDICES 7.3.6) UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 27 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 2.2.1.5.3 THREE LEVEL OF MATRIX INCIDENT THREE LEVEL OF MATRIX INCIDENT I Give the first verbal warning, If passenger complies with request, there is no further action required by the crewmembers II If the passenger continues to refuse, a Flight Attendant should give the second verbal warning including Law Statement For Disruptive Passenger card if necessary. If still persists, Flight Attendant must notify the flight crew to issue a Final Warning form. III If the passenger still continues refusing, or a passenger / crew members were injured or had received threats or serious injury, then the restraint kit must be used and / or if it should be considered to make an emergency landing or diversion routes. 2.2.1.6 POST FLIGHT a. The PIC will inform operation, Operation Control will inform the concerning port of the course of action to be undertaken on arrival. b. The Duty Manager or Station Manager is notifying Aviation Security of the Local Port Authority to stand by arrival at the aircraft side. c. Retrieve and return the baggage to the passenger, if he/she is being detained by the local authority. d. Arrange hotel accommodation and transportation for the passenger, if necessary, and ensure any expenses are on the passenger own account. e. Send a potential complaint report to SSQ directorate for follow up action and record the case in the station report with specific of the passenger’s state, e.g. intoxicated, general abuse etc. 2.2.1.7 LANDING AT OUT STATIONS a. If PIC decide to divert and land at an out station with an unruly or disruptive passenger on board, PIC shall inform his intention and the reason for it to the Air Traffic Control (ATC) including the request for police assistance on arrival and disembarkation of unruly or disruptive passenger. For international flights PIC and WINGS AIR shall report to the appropriate authority in the country of disembarkation, immigration and to National Diplomatic or Consular office of the passenger concerned. b. A complete report of the incident must be filed, and counter signed by PIC. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 28 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 2.2.1.8 INCIDENT REPORT (see APPENDICES 7.3.7) Incident report should be completed immediately after an incident or as soon thereafter as reasonably possible. The report should include: Aircraft registration. Pilot in Command (PIC). FA-1 name and ID number. Flight Number/Route. Name, nationality and details of the journey of Disruptive Passengers. Record the details of the incident. Record the details in a form that can be readily handed over to the police Name of Witness by detail (Seat Number, Phone number) The decision to bring the matter to court is always at the discretion of the Police. The police must decide what to do after considering the evidence. Police authorities cannot be compelled by WINGS AIR to prosecute. 2.2.1.9 CRONOLOGIES REPORT (see APPENDICES 7.1.2) The chronologies report contains the sequential order in which past events occurs 2.2.1.10 GIVING EVIDENCE IN COURT Crewmembers and ground staff may need to give evidence in court. This might involve returning to the country where the passenger is being tried to give evidence to the local court. WINGS AIR will: a. Give staff all necessary support required for them to give evidence in court; and b. Treat attendance at court as duty time and travel to court as a duty trip. 2.2.1.11 COMPENSATION In some jurisdiction it may be possible for staff to obtain financial compensation from the passenger where crewmembers or ground staff have been assaulted or injured. WINGS AIR will support and assist crew members and ground staff in obtaining such compensation where it is appropriate. 2.2.2 BOMB THREAT Refer to OM part A 10.3.1 Every report of sabotage/bomb threat must always be considered seriously 2.2.2.1 BOMB WARNING CLASSIFICATIONS Bomb warnings are classified into three categories. A clear logical assessment must be made on the evidence available before deciding whether a bomb warning. GREEN (VAGUE): A warning that may not identify a target or specific group of targets, or which Otherwise lacks credibility. Such a warning does not justify extra precautions. YELLOW (NON SPECIFIC): A warning that can be related to one or more targets but where there is a doubt about its credibility or about the effectiveness of the existing countermeasures. Such a warning may involve danger and may require additional precautionary measures. RED (SPECIFIC): A specific warning where the threat is of a nature which permits identification of a specific target, or where the caller has positively identified himself or the organization involved and is judged to be credible. Such a warning is likely to involve danger to people or airport activities and therefore merits specific countermeasures. OCC will contact the threat assessor who will categorize each bomb threat and issue the threat classification and will communicated to station manager concerns by the fastest means available. 2.2.2.2 ACTION TO BE TAKEN WHEN THE AIRCRAFT IS ON THE GROUND Keep calm and remain seated; Inform ATC and/or the Company via Company channel(s); Follow the instructions from the ground; Evacuate passenger immediately and orderly to designated places; Assemble passengers at one place, up wind and at least 100 meters from the aircraft, and keep them under control; Leave the implementation of “Search Procedures” to the Authorized Officers. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 31 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 2 Issue: 4 Date: 1 September 2020 2.2.2.3 ACTION TO BE TAKEN WHEN THE AIRCRAFT IS IN – FLIGHT Refer to OM-A 10.3.1.2 When a bomb warning is associated with an aircraft in flight, the aircraft security searches shall to carried out on board to evaluate and assessed the warning. 1. Keep calm and do not panic. 2. An announcement to the passengers should be made by the PIC: "May I please have your attention; we have received a warning that a device has been placed onboard this aircraft. We considering this warning to be a hoax, however as your safety is primary importance, we must take such warning seriously. In the meantime, the Flight Attendant will be carrying out preliminary search and I would be grateful for your cooperation". 3. Notice to passengers should be pilot considerations, If Flight Crew do not make Announcement for passengers. Flight attendant should read Announcement book manual 8.1.3. 4. Flight Crew coordinating with station Manager / appointed Deputy using the Company Chanel and/or any other communication means 5. Do the aircraft check by Flight Crew for the flight deck area and Flight Attendants for the cabin area using the Aircraft Security Check / Search, a sample for the Aircraft Security Check / Search is provided in SEP 7.3.5 6. Inform the passengers carefully, keep them calm, ask them to recognize and hold their cabin baggage, so it easier for Flight Attendants to check the overhead bins NOTE: Evaluation of possible effects of pressurization or pressure equalization 7. When an object is discovered on board the aircraft and if the item is unclaimed and cannot be positively identified, treat it as a suspect bomb and it should not to be moved, touched or opened. 8. The flight attendant who get first information or find the suspicious items immediately report to Flight crew 9. The related other crew will reseat passengers to the safe area, if possible and instructed to keep their heads below the tops of the seatback 10. Instructed to fasten their seat belt 11. Portable oxygen bottles, first aid kit and alcohol bottles should be removed from the vicinity 12. Be ready for firefighting procedures 13. Keep informs the situation to the Flight Crew 14. Using the following recommended safety procedure on Suspect Device on board A. IF AN IMMEDIATE LANDING CAN BE MADE Flight crew will notice to the passengers follow by brief description: “I am therefore making arrangements to land as soon as possible" Flight Attendant shall take the following steps: o If location and conditions of the explosives are known, o Suspect item shall be left in place. o Allow no one to touch the suspect device. o Stabilize it in the position found so that it will not be able to move during descent and landing. o Cover the items with soft materials (blanket, jacket, pillow etc.) o Disconnect non-essential power in the areas near the bomb, o Move passengers as far away from the device as possible. o Flight Attendant who have position close to the suspicious item, then have to move to safe area. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 32 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 3 Issue: 4 Date: 10 October 2021 B. IF AN IMMEDIATE LANDING CAN NOT BE MADE Flight crew should take the following steps: If location and conditions of the explosives are known: o Contact Local authority through Air Traffic Control or company operations to get expert advice regarding the suspect device and authorization for route deviation as appropriate, o Lowering the aircraft altitude, respecting MEA if IMC condition o Maintaining cabin altitude o Avoid large factors o When Aircraft pressure altitude is equal with Cabin altitude, select Flaps 150 and Landing Gear down to minimize structural load should the device detonate. o Select "AUTO PRESS" to "DUMP" o When possible turn off electric power in areas near the device o Follow guidelines on the ground. Flight Attendant should take the following steps after coordinated with the Flight Crew When a decision is made to move the suspect bomb, there are steps to follow: o Do Not Open the suspected bomb o Check to ensure that it is free to move. Check the suspect bomb for anti-lift device by, WITHOUT DISTURBING it, sliding a string or Safety Information Card all the way under and across the bottom of the object. If a protuberance is encountered, it may be an anti-lift trigger. In This case, you cannot move the device and must make sure it stays exactly in place. o If the safety card or string slides easily through, WITHOUT ALTERING the attitude in which the bomb was first found, place the device inside a plastic bag and move it slowly and carefully to the Least Risk Bomb Location (LRBL). Do not make any rapid or abrupt movements. o Clear a route from the device to the Least Risk Bomb Location (List Risk Bomb Location) o Compile hard luggage, soak blankets and place them at LRBL at least 25 cm; o Moving carefully the explosive device and cover the suspected item with plastic bag (such as disposal bag) o Compile soak blanket, pillows, clothing and seat cushions with water and place them on the such explosive device (in order to reduce the power of explosion and fire) o Move all passenger and crew as far as possible from the Least Risk Bomb Location (LRBL). FA shall readjust the seating of passengers, if the capacity is full, passenger has to share seats with other. For FA who has position close to the suspect bomb, then has to move to the safe area but still closed at the respective door. o Instructed to fasten their seat belt o Keep their heads below the tops of the seat backs o When landing, aircraft directed by ATC to isolated aircraft parking position o Disembark passenger and crew without their cabin baggage, evacuate the passenger and crew as soon as possible avoiding exits near the LRBL to reduce personnel exposure time with minimum distance 100 m. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 33 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 2 Issue: 4 Date: 1 September 2020 2.2.2.4 THE LEAST RISK BOMB LOCATION (LRBL) According to experience, explosive placed or brought onboard an aircraft are fitted with “TIME “or “ALTITUDE” fuses. For that reason, a suspicion object or package considered to be an ‘explosive’, should be moved to the least risk bomb location in the aircraft, where in case of detonation, ‘least’ damage to aircraft structure and system is expected. Note: The positioning of bomb on CENTRE of door will minimize risk of floor structure damage High Bomb Hazard Areas are usually in or near the cockpit, fuel tanks and critical control components and in the area between the main plane and horizontal stabilizer spar where the greatest in-flight structural loads are carried. If the suspect object or package is located in a ‘High Hazard’ area, it is prudent to relocate it to the ‘Low Hazard’ area. The designated Least Risk Bomb Location for ATR 72 500/600 is SERVICE DOOR Note: The positioning of bomb on CENTRE of door will minimize risk of floor structure damage Preparing the LRBL: Place bomb near service door preferably in a bag attached to the door handle surround it with damping material, Set the service door handle to Inflight Position, (refer from QRH) Move passengers 3 rows away from the door, Remove safety equipment from the area, Cover the items with soft materials (blanket, jacket, pillow, seat cushion, etc.) to build a level platform up to window height, Be ready for fire fighting procedures. Keep informs the situation to the Flight Crew. Prepare the emergency landing procedures if required. After landing, prepare to expedite deplaning at Flight Crew‘s direction. The Flight Crew will determine and advice the time and manner of deplaning. THE LEAST RISK BOMB LOCATION (LRBL) UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 34 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 2.2.2.5 PASSENGER’S SAFETY PRIOR TO LANDING All Passengers must keep their heads behind the backrests for protection except passengers seated close to where the object is, which must assume BRACE position. Passengers must be told to remain seated until aircraft comes to a complete stop, and to await further instructions for an orderly disembarkation or evacuation. After landing, Disembark passenger and crew immediately by ALL EMERGENCY DOORS and without their cabin baggage and assemble passenger at one place, up-wind and at least 100 meters from the aircraft and keep them under control. 2.2.2.6 ATTACHMENT ON APPENDICES Security search checklist (see APPENDICES 7.3.5) Flight Disturbance Incident Report (see APPENDICES 7.3.7) 2.2.3 HIJACK Refer to OM part A 10.3.2 2.2.3.1 HIJACK THREAT REPORT If known by the Flight Crew or such a report on hijack threat was receive from Flight Attendant, please follow the guidelines: 2.2.3.1.1 ON THE GROUND Keep calms and do not panic; Inform ATC and/or the Company via company channel(s); Return to apron/ to the place designated by ATC; Announcement to passengers is “technical reasons”; Follow instruction given by ground officials (if possible); Maintain a normal/ routine atmosphere in the cabin 2.2.3.1.2 IN-FLIGHT Keep calms and do not panic; Inform ATC and/or the Company via company channel(s); Avoid any action that might invite or trigger premature action from prospective hijacker such as sudden assembly of the crewmembers whispering, pointing toward passengers, carrying passengers manifest, etc.; Intensify alertness and vigilance on passengers, while maintaining a normal and routine atmosphere in the cabin; No one may enter the cockpit without prior permission 2.2.3.3 TYPE OF HIJACKING Hijackers fall into 5 (five) basic categories: criminals, politics, mental depression, terrorist and Refugees have carried out the highest percentage of hijacks, but it is the politically motivated terrorist who poses the most serious problems. A. CRIME A person or group of people commits crime for the benefit of their own. Usually the hijacker demands is having money, a better life etc. It has no relation with politics. B. POLITICS A person or group of people commit because of Political reason. Usually they hijack airplane to free detainees of political agitation. C. MENTAL DEPRESSION A person or group of people commits crime because of mental disorder. Usually they hijack airplane because of family is uncertain unclear. D. TERRORIST A person or group of people commits because of political reason. Usually they hijack airplane to free the detains of political agitation. Politically motivated terrorists are usually highly, professional but can also be fanatical and prepared to kill. And if needs be to die, for their cause. They pose the serious problem to the authorities and an understanding of the manner in which they planned and carry out their hijack operations is essential. E. REFUGEES The most common types of hijacker, the refugees, are usually amateurs, who see the aircraft as a means of crossing frontiers. They may act as individual, in a small group or as whole families. Refugees value their own lives and those of others, so they are unlikely to be violent, but many will desperate and frightened and should not be pressed too hard. They are likely to be armed with hoax weapons but many have resorted to the use of patrol, little realizing the potential lethal effect of their actions. The demands of refugees are normally for diversion to the country of their choice. Whatever the reasons are, hijack airplane is an airplane distress. Because of those reasons, the role of aircrew is very important. Coordination among the crewmembers as a Team Work will determine the result of hijacking. All decisions taken by the PIC should be based on the situation. The PIC must put the passenger’s safety and Crew Members in the first priority. 2.2.3.4 COPE AND SURVIVE As other in flight emergencies, is the best control all crewmembers have to keep alert and report unusual things right away. When threatening situation raises, act promptly and positively. Flight Attendant is usually the first to deal with a hijacker. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 39 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 2.2.3.5 GUIDELINES FOR ASSIST IN HANDLING A HIJACKER. Usually Flight Attendant is the first to deal with the hijackers. The first and foremost rules are: REMAIN CALM, KEEP SAFE DISTANCE. BE READY TO FIGHT FIRE. The Critical phase of hijacking is: The over period usually 15 – 45 minutes ABC Concept of Hijacking, basic Concept: A. AGGRESSION: HOW TO CONTROL THE AGGRESSION? Keep it off the plane Every opened exit must be guarded / watched by FLIGHT ATTENDANT while on the ground and as soon as the danger arises, closes the door / exit. Keep it off the cockpit Lock the cockpit door at all-time except for crew communication, if necessary use interphones. Try to delay the hijacker’s demand to enter the cockpit. If possible keep them as far as possible from the cockpit. Keep aircraft on ground. If hijacking occurs during flight, cockpit crew try to land at the nearest airport for any reason (fuel, weather, technical etc. but make sure that the hijackers are not familiar with the flight techniques), if it happens on ground try to delay the flight. Keep hijacker off the cockpit B. BEHAVIOR: SELF CONTROL HOW TO BEHAVE? Self-Control: o Keep calm/Passive control. o Don’t try to attack the hijacker. o Act non-threatening manner. o Eat rest and exercise for your strength. o Protect yourselves. o Be persuasive to stay alive. o Maintain your personal job. o Delayed is paramount tactics to make hijacker stress, fatigue, etc. o Do not argue among the crewmember especially in front of the hijackers. Passenger Control o Remain the passenger not to talk anything, which may cause worst condition. o Ask them not be a hero/trust the law. o Give them activities to keep calmness. o Extra care the sick / disable person; try to assure the hijackers that this person may cause other difficulties. It is better to release them. o Provide food drink but not alcoholic. Hijacker Control o Passenger Control Gather and pass information about the hijacker. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 40 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 o Reason carefully to the hijacker. o Put hijacker selects liaison initially. o Calm and reduce hijacker anxiety. o Do not challenge hijacker power. o Use eye contact without staring, give body space. o If possible ask them to sit together and you sit in the aisle side. o Give them foods and drinks; do not give coffee or alcoholic. o Explain your action and do not make sudden movement. o Try to get them agree to release passengers since they may create more problem. o Anyway hijackers are human beings, try to delay the demand and be alert. o If release is offered take it, if escape is possible C. COMMUNICATIONS With the hijackers o Make social conversation. o Inform the hijacker that you have to do the procedures (e.g. check the cabin, serve food and drinks, check the lavatory etc. frequently) o Be a good listener and without interrupting. o Try to get someone who can talk in the hijacker’s language, if you cannot talk in his or her language. o Learn and confirm number of hijackers and type of weapons used by the hijacker. o Gather information as much as possible; Name and address, seat location, ticket etc., physical descriptions, nationality, sex, age, clothing, language and motive / demand of the hijackers. With Crew Member o With Ground Staff All crewmembers should be briefed on the situation and advice to cooperate with the hijackers. o Communicate openly rather than covertly. o Use cockpit / cabin interphone when possible. With Passengers o Keep informs of non-strategic information. o Keep the passengers as quiet and comfortable as possible. o Tell passengers to inform their movement. o Assist or give special attention to the old, sick and mother with small children. Statements will have to take so that legal action can be pursued. It is imperative not to give any information, which will help Hijackers in the future. Passenger threats to seize aircraft in-flight if a passenger makes a threat or statement which is considered as a threat, to hijack the airplane but does not make an overt attempt to take over the flight, the Flight Attendant shall report the incident to the in-flight Security Coordinator immediately. The Captain will notify Dispatch and the destination station that will make necessary arrangements for handling the threat upon landing. Unlawful seizure of WINGS AIR aircraft and aircraft is considered “Hijacked” when the aircraft is diverted to an airport, is forced to deviate from its normal route of flight, or forced to proceed under abnormal procedures through threats or harm to the flight crew and/or passengers by an individual aboard the aircraft. A Flight Attendant is usually the first person who is aware of the hijacker. Hijackers often threaten to cause bodily harm by passing a note to a Flight Attendant or through direct verbal encounter. The hijacker will probably demand to be taken to the cockpit. Any hijacking event is unique UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 41 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 in its circumstance and requires quick response by crewmembers and ground support personnel to appropriately handle the situation. As in any emergency, the Captain must be judgment and experience to bring about a successful and safe resolution of the threat. The efforts of the Captain will be augmented by a team of support personnel on the ground comprised of Flight Operations officials, Supervisors, Company executives, and Law enforcement authorities. Hijacking involving the use of volatile mixtures, such as gasoline, poses a threat of flash ignition and explosion causing possible structural or systems failure as well as casualties. To reduce or eliminate the possibility of such an occurrence, these emergency procedures must be followed: a. In the event of fire, FA-1 report immediately to Flight Crew and do action ref. to Fire Procedure. b. The cockpit door will remain close to protect the flight crew from the effects of a flash fire and to reduce the chance of gasoline vapor feting into the cockpit where the sources of ignition might be present. c. In the event that a volatile liquid has been poured onto passenger seats, wet materials should be placed over the affected area to prevent the spread of gaseous vapors and decrease chance of ignition. d. In the event a fire has already started airflow will be kept to a minimum to starve the fire of air as much as possible. All crewmembers shall be alerted to handle a fire to keep it under control. 2.2.3.6 BOMB IN HAND OF HIJACKER a. Avoid his admittance to the cockpit b. Keep calm, try to talk him out of whatever his plans may be c. Try to get information about the device he is carrying; It may perhaps be difficult to detonate or it may even turn out to be a fake. If e.g. he would be carrying a hand grenade with the safety pin, still folded back, you know it is not ready to be fired instantly. d. Identification/intent of hijacker If possible. Flight Attendant should try to identify the hijacker by name, and relay purpose of the hijacking, and any behavioral observations to ground personnel for later identification. For example, did the hijacker kidnap a specific person? e. Retention of information all crewmembers and passengers who may have spoken with the hijacker in-flight should try to remember the details of the conversations, as they may be useful to authorities later. f. Information to passengers as is the case of all emergencies, if possible, the passengers should be advised of the situation and requested to remain calm and to cooperate to the best of their ability. If the hijacker does not speak or understand English, solicit other crewmembers or passengers who may speak a language, which the hijacker may understand. The selected person should be careful to present to hijacker only information that is appropriate. UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 42 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 2.2.3.7 COMMON STRATEGY TACTICS (FLIGHT ATTENDANT) 2.2.3.7.1 PRE-FLIGHT SECURITY PROCEDURES a. All crewmember baggage must be inspected prior to boarding the aircraft b. Aircraft cabin will be checked to ensure suspicious items are not aboard c. If there is unattended baggage/item found during cabin check, FA-1 shall immediate report to PIC and Ground Security to take further action required. d. Flight Attendant must be alert during boarding for unusual activity e. The FA-1 will inform the Captain of armed individuals aboard the aircraft. f. The Captain will coordinate cockpit signals to be used 2.2.3.7.2 IN-FLIGHT HIJACKING TACTICS a. Stay calm and try persuasively to get the hijacker's behavior back to normal. Be yourself as much as possible, but do try to have as much genuine sympathy with him as possible. This sounds somehow unnatural, but it helps. Avoid an obviously forced attitude; b. One Flight Attendant should deal with hijacker (preferably a person who has established a good communication with him/her). Do not all talk to him, but leave this to only one of you. Calm him down. Do not say, “This will get you nowhere”, or “You will be sorry one day”. Better say things like “What are you so upset about” or “How interesting to be in a situation like this”. c. Hijackers should be assured that crew will cooperate with whatever their demands and try to convince the hijacker that he can reach his goal through you, that you understand him and that you want to help him. Talk about the weather, his family, his hobbies, anything to take his mind of his goal. d. Gaps in conversation are not bad. Let him search for words. Do not flood him with all kinds of things at the same time. Do not correct him and do not interrupt. Show fascination or surprise. Make him see you as an ally. e. No quick or unexpected movements or actions. If you know that something unexpected is going to happen, tell him beforehand (e.g. warning signals, attendant call). f. The Captain must be informed of the situation immediately (it’s depended on the signal to be used that has been briefed during preflight check). g. If possible, Flight Attendant should observe the hijacker and pass the following information to the cockpit: h. Type of weapons. If explosive, look for three essential elements of a bomb: P : power source I : initiator E : explosive (If it is a flammable liquid, look for source of ignition). i. Number and location of hijacker (s) (if possible). Hijackers seat numbers, cabin areas j. Physical description of hijackers. All of the following information has been useful in past hijackings: Name, Address, and Description of the hijacker(s), Weight, Height, Markings, Clothing, Language, Race, Type of weapon, Destination, Special plans or goals, Family member or friends. k. Hijackers demands. As you get information, pass it on to the cockpit, so they can radio it to the hijacking ground control unit. l. Do not give the hijacker any information that could be used against you. m. If the hijacker demands access to the cockpit, try to warn the Flight crew before you enter (it’s depended on the signal to be used that has been briefed during pre-flight check). n. Should a hijacker gain entry to the cockpit, a Flight Attendant should attempt to enter first and get positioned between the hijacker and the Flight Crew o. Evaluate armed persons on board – Keep in mind you may take no action without the Captain’s approval – there may be unknown hijackers (“sleepers”) p. Be alert for passengers who want to be “heroes” – do not try to overpower hijacker(s) UNCONTROLLED WHEN VIEWED OFFLINE OR PRINTED PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN FLIGHT CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS 2.2 SAFETY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUAL SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CREWMEMBERS PAGE 43 OF 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Rev: 0 Issue: 4 Date: 22 February 2019 q. Do not serve alcohol to hijackers or passengers, serve water or other beverages r. Serve from galley and not from carts to avoid blocking aisles s. Attempt to keep hijacker(s) out of cockpit – try tactics to deter t. Always maintain control and be aware of Stockholm syndrome (fear turns to gratitude and gratitude to empathy). You may be able to use Stockholm Syndrome on hijackers – tell them about family, show pictures of children u. Delay – raises frustration level – It is consistently proven to be effective in wearing down hijacker(s) v. When aircraft lands, talk with the hijacker(s) about releasing as many passengers as possible (e.g. children, sickly and old persons, and others) w. Do not attempt to negotiate with hijacker(s) – let experts on the ground negotiate 2.2.3.8 POST FLIGHT PROCEDURES 1. Cooperate with officials. Everyone on the aircraft is a suspect due to possible hijacker sleeper(s) 2. If Aircraft lands in foreign country and hijacker(s) mentioned having an explosive, search the aircraft prior for departure. Ask to contact company headquarters and Indonesia Government. 3. Do not discuss the hijacking with the news media, refer questions to headquarters. 4. Do not discuss common strategy with anyone without an operational need to know. 5. In order to take care of the passengers, assemble the passengers in safe area at least 500 feet from the airplane. 6. Make sure that all passengers are checked and under control by security guard and authority.