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## Bone Markings - Distinctive bone markings are surface features that characterize each bone in the body. - **Articulating surfaces** between adjacent bones tend to be smooth areas - **Depressions** on a bone provide space for a bony articulation, muscular structure, or other body component. - **P...

## Bone Markings - Distinctive bone markings are surface features that characterize each bone in the body. - **Articulating surfaces** between adjacent bones tend to be smooth areas - **Depressions** on a bone provide space for a bony articulation, muscular structure, or other body component. - **Projections** from the bone surface mark the points where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach. - **Openings and spaces** through bones indicate sites for passageways for blood vessels and nerves. ### General Structure **Articulating Surfaces:** - **Condyle:** Large, smooth, rounded, oval structure. - **Facet:** Small, flat, shallow surface. - **Head/Trochlea:** Prominent, rounded epiphysis. - **Alveolus (pl., alveoli):** Deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible. **Depressions:** - **Fossa (pl., fossae):** Flattened or shallow depression. - **Sulcus:** Narrow groove. **Projections:** - **Crest:** Narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection. - **Epicondyle:** Projection adjacent to a condyle. - **Line:** Low ridge. - **Process:** Any marked bony prominence. - **Spine:** Pointed, slender process. - **Trochanter:** Massive, rough projection. (Only found on the femur) - **Tubercle:** Small, round projection. - **Tuberosity:** Large, rough projection. **Openings and spaces:** - **Canal:** Passageway through a bone. - **Fissure:** Narrow, slitlike opening through a bone. - **Foramen (pl., foramina):** Rounded passageway through a bone. - **Meatus:** Passageway through a bone. - **Sinus:** Cavity or hollow space in a bone. ### Anatomical Terms - **Ramus (pl., rami):** Angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure. ### Skull - **Skull, anterior view:** Shows the facial bones of the skull and teeth. - **Skull, sagittal view:** Shows the skull from the side.