Unit 6 Lesson 1: Kinship, Marriage, and the Household PDF

UNIT 6 CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INSTITUTION  LESSON 1 KINSHIP, MARRIAGE, UNIT 6 AND THE HOUSEHOLD  KINSHIP Means relationships based on blood or marriage. Every society defines the nature of kinship interaction by determining which kin...

UNIT 6 CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INSTITUTION  LESSON 1 KINSHIP, MARRIAGE, UNIT 6 AND THE HOUSEHOLD  KINSHIP Means relationships based on blood or marriage. Every society defines the nature of kinship interaction by determining which kin are more socially important than others, terms to classify kin types, and expected forms of behavior between them. 1. FICTIVE KINSHIP People who are not related by blood or marriage. 2. CONSANGUINEAL KIN Kinship based on bloodline. 3. AFFINAL KIN Kinship based on marriage.  KINSHIP Can refer both to the patterns of social relationships themselves, or it can refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures. KINSHIP BY BLOOD DESCENT A group in which membership depends on common descent from a real or mythical ancestor. A. UNILINEAL DESCENT A group in which membership may rest either on patrilineal descent (patrilineage) or on matrilineal descent (matrilineage). B. COGNATIC DESCENT Refers to all descendants of an ancestor who enjoy membership of a common descent group by virtue of any combination of male or female linkages. KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE MARRIAGE An institution that admits men and women to family life. MARRIAGE It is a formal prescription which defines the rights, duties and privileges of husband and wife with respect to each other, their children, their relatives, and the society as a whole. MARRIAGE Officially starts with the ceremony known as wedding or in a holy matrimony. MARRIAGE A marital relationship involves some kind of contract, written or specified by tradition, which defines the partners‘ rights and obligations to each other, to their children, and their relatives. MARRIAGE Sociologically, marriage is a partnership between a man and a woman formalized by either a religious or a civil ceremony. MARRIAGE Marriage can be viewed from religious point of view and from legal point of view. RELIGIOUS POINT OF VIEW Considers marriage as a sacrament and therefore it is the inviolable bond which can only be dissolved upon the death of one of the spouses. LEGAL VIEWPOINT Looks at marriage as a contract entered into by a man and a woman who vow to live together as husband and wife for the discharge of their duties to each other and to the community.  TYPES OF MARRIAGE Marriages are of different types across the world. Forms of marriage are also culturally driven and different types of marriages in the world are prevalent among variant societies. 1. POLYGAMY State or practice of being married to more than one person at the same time. POLYGYNY Is a form of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman at a given time. POLYANDRY The marriage of one woman with more than one man. It is less common than polygyny. 2. MONOGAMY Is a form of marriage in which one man marries one woman. It is the most common and acceptable form of marriage. SERIAL MONOGAMY Happens when an individual is allowed to marry again after the death of the first spouse or after divorce but they cannot have more than one spouse at one and the same time. 3. GROUP MARRIAGE Is a type of marriage of two or more women with two or more men. Here the husbands are common husbands and wives are common wives. Children are regarded as the children of the entire group as a whole. KINSHIP BY RITUAL RITUAL KINSHIP In the form of godparenthood played an important role in strengthening and extending the ties of kinship, as it did in much of Latin America. RITUAL KINSHIP Parents selected godparents for a child at his or her baptism, confirmation, and marriage. The godparents were then tied to the parents as co- parents. RITUAL KINSHIP Those chosen for the child's baptism were considered the most important, and great care was exercised in their selection. RITUAL KINSHIP Ideally co-parents should be Single women of good a married couple; reputation were frequently They were preferred because chosen. their unions were typically It was important that the more stable and they were person asked should be of more likely to be able to proper character and good provide a home for the child standing in the community. should the need arise. RITUAL KINSHIP Often parents asked a The same godparents close, important could serve for the relative to serve as couple's successive godparent. children, a practice that The tie between co- further strengthened the parents reinforced ties between the families that of kinship. involved. RITUAL KINSHIP A godparent was Co-parents were expected to see to required to treat his or her godchild's each other with upbringing, should respect and assist the parents be one another in unable to do so. times of need. RITUAL KINSHIP Marriage or sexual In the countryside, ties to relations between co- godparents had daily parents were social significance; considered incestuous; children visited their an insult to a co-parent godparents often and was a grave matter, were expected to treat condemned by the them with particular community at large. respect. RITUAL KINSHIP Not even quarrels or the death of the godchildren should break the ties between co- parents.  VARIATION IN FAMILY PATTERNS A. BASED ON INTERNAL ORGANIZATION CONJUGAL FAMILY EXTENDED FAMILY A nuclear family of adult Simply a family unit that partners and their children (by extends past the nuclear birth or adoption) where the family to include other family relationship is relatives such as aunts, principally focused inward uncles, and grandparents. and ties to extended kin are It consists of two or more voluntary and based on emotional bonds, rather than nuclear families living strict duties and obligations. together. B. BASED IN ORIGIN THE FAMILY of THE FAMILY of ORIENTATION PRO-CREATION It is a group in which It is the family we we are born and establish when we reared. It is the family marry and have where everyone children of our grows up from. own. C. BASED ON DESCENT PATRILINEAL FAMILY MATRILINEAL FAMILY Is a group whose Refers to a family members trace their whose members trace relationships and their relationships affiliations with and affiliations with relatives on the relatives on the father side. mother side. C. BASED ON DESCENT BILATERAL FAMILY Refers to a family whose Family members trace their relationships and affiliations with relatives on both parents. D. BASED ON WHO WIELDS POWER PATRIARCHAL MATRIARCHAL One in which family One in which Family authority is vested in authority is exercised the oldest male by the mother who member of the dominates the family, the patriarch household. or the father. D. BASED ON WHO WIELDS POWER EGALITARIAN Family is one where both husband and wife exercise equal amount of authority and enjoy the same rights and privileges. E. BASED ON RESIDENCE PATRILOCAL MATRILOCAL A family where in A family where in the newly-married the newly-married couple lives with or couple resides with near the home of or near the home of the groom‘s the bride‘s parents. parents. E. BASED ON RESIDENCE BILOCAL NEOLOCAL A family where in A family where in the newly-weds the couple resides choose to stay with independently from either the groom or either groom or the bride‘s parents. bride‘s parent. E. BASED ON RESIDENCE AVUNCULOCAL A family where in the couple is prescribed to reside with or near the domicile of the maternal uncle of the groom. POLITICS OF KINSHIP POLITICS OF KINSHIP Kinship politics is built based on the classic political principle “blood is thicker than water”. It asserts that power should be distributed among family members. POLITICS OF KINSHIP For the sake of family security, power should not be seized from those who have kinship connections and must be circulated only among those who are tied by blood. The concept gave rise to political dynasties – the rule of families in the political arena. BRUTUS SYNDROME The concept is accepted by reference to the fact that politics is often replete with adversity, conflict, and betrayal. END