PE.pdf - Physical Education Exercise Based PDF

Prepared by: ANGELO DAVID A. CORALES Assistant Instructor, SASE Physical education or PE is a school subject that helps students develop physical fitness, motor skills, and knowledge about physical activity. Physical education or PE came from the Latin word “ Physica” meaning physics and “educat...

Prepared by: ANGELO DAVID A. CORALES Assistant Instructor, SASE Physical education or PE is a school subject that helps students develop physical fitness, motor skills, and knowledge about physical activity. Physical education or PE came from the Latin word “ Physica” meaning physics and “educatio”, meaning the training of bodily organs and power with a view to the promotion of hearts and vigor.  LEGAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Article XIV, Section 19 of the Philippine constitution which mandatest hat the shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, leauge competitions, to foster self discipline, team work and excellence for the development of a healthy lifestyle. All education institutions shall undertake regular sports activites througout the country in cooperation of athletic clubs and sectors. SPORTS is a subject related to physical education needs to require students to enroll in tertiaty levels and that is included in CHED MEMORANDUM.  PHYSICAL FITNESS (Movement Patterns: Exercise-bases) WHAT IS PHYSICAL FITNESS? Physical fitness is a combination of medical fitness capacity for action. A physically fit person is free from disease and move and perform activity like run or lift weights. Physical fitness is essential to healthy growth and development. The component of physical fitness can be grouped into categories: SKILL RELATED FITNESS HEALTH RELATED FITNESS Skills Related Components 1. Agility- the ability to change direction quickly. 2. Speed- is the ability to move the body quickly in straight line. 3. Balance- the ability to remain stable even when moving. 4. Coordination- the ability to use vision, touch and muscles sense. 5. Power- the ability to release maximum strength. 6. Reaction Time- the amount of time it takes to make a physical response once you see the need to take an action. HEALTH Related Components 1. Cardiovascular Fitness- from the word cardio means heart, the ability to exercise at an elevated heart rate for designated time while supplying adequate oxygen to the body. 2. Flexibility- the ability to move joint with ease through the normal range of motion and muscles to their fullest extent. 3. Endurance- the ability to exercise without tiring in a long period of time. 4. Strength- the ability to exert force against resitence in a short period of time. 5. Body Composition- ideally, a state in which body fat does not exceed 25 percent of the total body composition. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXERCISE 1. The overload principle: To achieve benefit from exercise, the body must work above and beyond its normal activity level. 2. The progression principle: As physical abilities improve, the exercise regimen should increase in intensity and duration. One should start slowly and apply overload gradually. 3. The specificity principle: Use of specific exercises to archieve specific rules. Physical Activity Fitness Scene ØSince the early 1970s there has been strong and growing interest in physical fitness among North Americans. ØResearch shows that as 1990, 40% of Americans engaged in some form of physical activity every day and that 70% did so once a week. ØThe same participation level were reported for Canadians. ØIn 2015 joggers were taking to the streets and parks of Americans in more than 1,500 marathons. In the same year more than 3 million Americans belonged to fitness activity. Activity reported their participation in fitness sports: 1. Swimming 32.8 million 2. Fishing 24.3 million 3. Basketball 10.7 million 4. Running/ Jogging 10.6 million 5. Baseball/ Softball 6.2 million DISCUSS THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM. (10 Sentences)  Prepared by: ANGELO DAVID A. CORALES Assistant Instructor, SASE Defining Biomechanics Biomechanics from Ancient Greek: βίος “life” and μηχανική “mechanics” is the study and science of how movement of a living body, including muscles, bones, tendons, and lugaments work together to produce movement. Biomechanics is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specially focusing on the mechanics of the movement. ( Rogers, 2019) Kinesiology is the study of the mechanics of body movements.Origin from Greek word Kinesis "to move" and ology "to study". ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANICS ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANICS 1. MOTION The movement of a body or an object across space. Speed and acceleration are major elements of motion. the action or process of moving or being moved. ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANICS 2. FORCE This is the push or pull that causes a person or an object to accelerate, decelerate, stop, or change direction. the capacity to do work or cause physical change ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANICS 3. MOMENTUM This is the product of a weight and its velocity when it is moved. ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANICS 4. LEVERS Our arms and legs function as lever; a lever has three parts: the resistance arm, the fulcrum, and the axis of rotation. ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANICS 5. BALANCE This refers to stability. PRINCIPLE USED IN BIOMECHANICS Biomechanics focuses on the following essential principles: Static - Forces associated with non-moving or nearly moving systems. Dynamics-moving systems that undergo acceleration and deceleration. Biomechanics focuses on the following essential principles: Kinematics - A branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of a body without regard to the forces that produce the motion. Kinetics - examines the forces acting on the body during movement and the motion with respect to time and forces. TYPES OF FUNDAMENTAL BODY MOVEMENTS 1. Locomotor movements- refers to the body’s movement, where the body travels from one location to another point. qThere are eight major locomotor movements. These are classified as either even movement or as irregular movements. Even rhythmic movements are made up of equal, unchanging action. üThese movements include walking, running, hopping, leaping, and jumping. qUneven rhythm movements consist of unequal actions. They also sometimes incorporate alternating actions. üThis movements include skipping, galloping, sliding. TYPES OF FUNDAMENTAL BODY MOVEMENTS 2. Non- locomotor movements, sometimes called axial movements, refers to the body’s movements without allowing the body to travel. Example: Fundamental Movement Skills Fundamental Movement Skills are a particular set of skills that require the used of different body parts, such as feet, legs, shoulders, body, head, arms and hands. ØThey are the foundation for more advanced and specialized skills that learners will need to participate in various games, sports, adn leisure activities. Fundamental movements skills categorized into three group: 1. Body management skills - involve balancing, maintaining equilibrium and postural control of the body in stillness and in motion such as rolling, stopping, stretching, bending, twisting, landing, climbing and turning. 2. Locomotor skills- involve transporting the body in any direction from one point to another such as walking, running, jumping, hopping, galloping, marching, and skipping. 3. Object control skills- require controlling implements and objects such as balls, hoops, bats, and ribbons that involve the use of the body parts, such as hand and feet. MOVEMENT CONCEPTS 1. BODY AWARENESS- Learning a person’s body parts and understanding what the parts can do and moving the parts. 2. SPATIAL AWARENESS- Knowing how much space the body occupies and utilizing the body in physical space. 3. DIRECTIONAL AWARENESS- Understanding left and right, up and downn in and out, top and bottom, and front and back. 4. TEMPORAL AWARENESS- the development of an internal timing structure that helpsrecognize the relationship between time and movement. When temporal awareness is well developed, children can understand the rhythms of life and recognize patterns in time, such as the differences between day and night or one minute versus 10 minutes. 5. RELATIONSHIP AWARENESS- the practice of paying attention to relationships, either through thinking or talking about them. This theory was developed by Elias H. Porter, and is based on motivations about how to interact with others. The theory aims to help people understand themselves and others, and create mutually beneficial relationships. MOVEMENT PRINCIPLES 1. Balance- an even distribution of weight enabling someone or something to remain upright and steady. 2. Center of Gravity- Point at which all parts of the body are equally balanced. 3. Posture- The position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting. 4. Gesture- The use of the body to convey emotions and ideas through movement patterns as an expressive instrument. 5. Rhythm- The pattern and empahsis of beat. 6. Breathing- The use of inhalation and exhalation to give fluidity and harmony to a person’s movement. PATH-FIT 02 Chapter 3 ANGELO DAVID A. CORALES Assistant Instructor  CHAPTER lll The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  ”Take care of your body. It’s the only place you have to live in.” -Anonymous The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  HUMAN MOVEMENT The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  What is Human Movements? Biomechanics and Body Movement Ø is the science of movement of a living body. Including how muscles bones, and ligaments work together to produced such a movement. Ø It also includes the structure of muscles and bones with movements. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph Fundamental Human Movements 1. Pull § Pulling motion which consist of pulling a weight toward your body or your body towards your hands. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph Fundamental Human Movements 2. Push § Pushing is the opposite of the pull. The upper body muscles push things in various directions. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph Fundamental Human Movements 3. Squat § considered to be the most complex movement the human body is capable of. Squat target the glutes core, quadriceps and to a slight degree, the hamstring msucles. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph Fundamental Human Movements 4. Lunge § A long, linear stride, lowering your back knee to just above the ground ,with a completely upright torso. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph Fundamental Human Movements 5. Hinge § It can be performed bodyweight or in dozens of other variations including the deadlift. Bend to extend movements work on your glutes, hamstring, and lower back. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph Fundamental Human Movements 6. Rotation § This is your ability to rotate that involves twisting at the core. The core (specefically the oblique) is the main contributor to this set of movements. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph Fundamental Human Movements 7. Gait § This is the technique of walking. This includes walking, jogging, running or sprinting. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  BASIC MOVEMENTS in FLEXIBILITY 1. Flexion § BEnding of body segment. 2. Extension § Straightening of body segment. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  BASIC MOVEMENTS in FLEXIBILITY 3. Abduction § moving a limp away from the body The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  FLEXIBILITY Movement Shoulder Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Internal Rotation External Rotation The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  FLEXIBILITY Movement Hip Abduction Adduction Flexion (straight leg) Extension (straight leg) Flexion (flex Knee) Extension (flex Knee) Internal Rotation External Rotation The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  FLEXIBILITY Movement Knee Extension Flexion Ankle Dorsi Flexion Plantar Flexion Trunk Flexion Extesion Rotation The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  DIFFERENT BODY TYPES The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  The Ectomorph Person § This type of body is characterized with slender bodies, short trunks, and long arms and legs. His feet are long and narrow with narrow chest, long slender neck and vert little amount of fat. § Muscle are weak and thin, with weak tendons and joints that are cause of poor posture, lack of body power and stregth. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  The Mesomorph Person § It is characterized by a solid, muscular physique, strong, wit large chest, slender waisr, long tort witg short but powerful legs and arms. § Moderate in heigjt and very strong in carrying weights, mesomorph persons are good in events that require strength, agility, power and endurance. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  The Endomorph Person § It is characterized by excess body fat distribution, lack of bony angularity and floppy muscles. The arms, trunks and legs look rounded and fatty, with a rounded face, doubled chin and short neck. § Their hips, abdomen, thights buttocks and upper arms are full of fatty pads while the chest of an endomorphic man tends to be like the breast of a woman. § Endmorphic person must exercise frequently. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  COMPONENTS OF THE BODY THAT CAUSE HUMAN BEING TO MOVE The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  Skeletal Sytem The skeletal system is the body system composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments and other tissues that perform essential functions for the human body. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Physiological functions 1. Provides a site for blood formation. 2.Serve as storehouse for calcium which are essential for nerve conduction, blood clotting and energy formation. 3. Play a role in our immune function. 4. Stores and releases minerals and fats. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Structural functions 1.Give support to the body. 2. Protects the delicate organs in the body. 3. Bones are rigid level of locomotion. 4. Provides framework and shpe to the body. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  THE SKELETON IS DIVIDED IN TO TWO The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  Appendicular skeleton Ø is composed of the upper extremity and lower extremity. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  Axial skeleton Ø is composed of the skull, ribs, trunk, vertebral column and pelvic. The Pride of the North PE 02 : Exercise Based SCHOOL OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND EDUCATION www.dwcl.edu.ph  For inquiries, message us at dwcl.admin.edu.ph. Like us on Facebook at facebook.com/DWCLlaoagcityin Gen.Segundo Ave.,Brgy.12 Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Pride of the North