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# Medical Sur... 5. Help patient readjust expectations and goals to promote ongoing adjustment. 6. Support patient in coping mechanisms chosen. ## Allaying Fear of Death and Dying 1. Educate patient and family about prognosis and end-of-life choices, as outlined by patient's health care provider....

# Medical Sur... 5. Help patient readjust expectations and goals to promote ongoing adjustment. 6. Support patient in coping mechanisms chosen. ## Allaying Fear of Death and Dying 1. Educate patient and family about prognosis and end-of-life choices, as outlined by patient's health care provider. 2. Assess and respect the patient's beliefs. 3. Help the patient and family arrive at a consensus on treatment goals. 4. Facilitate emotional support for the patient. 5. Provide bereavement support to survivors. ## Common Cancer Patients Nursing Diagnoses - High risk for infection related to altered immunologic response. - High risk for injury related to bleeding problems. - Impaired skin integrity: erythematous/wet desquamation skin reaction. - Alteration of oral mucous membranes: stomatitis. - Impaired tissue integrity: alopecia. - Alteration in nutrition, less than body requirements, related to nausea/vomiting. - Altered nutrition: less than body requirements, related to anorexia/cachexia/malabsorption. - Fatigue and activity intolerance. - Pain and discomfort. - Grieving related to anticipatory loss; altered role functioning. - Altered body image and self-esteem related to changes in appearance, function, and roles. ## Evaluation ### Expected Patient Outcomes: Expected patient outcomes may include: 1. Maintains integrity of oral mucous membranes 2. Maintains adequate tissue integrity 3. Maintains adequate nutritional status 4. Achieves relief of pain and discomfort 5. Demonstrates increased activity tolerance and decreased fatigue 6. Exhibits improved body image and self-esteem 7. Progresses through the grieving process 8. Experiences no complications, such as infection, or sepsis, and no episodes of bleeding or hemorrhage.