W7 Lecture 3: Learning and Motivation PDF

# 12/9 W7 Lecture 3: Learning and Motivation ## Classical Conditioning - **Pavlovian Response:** Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning. - Dogs would salivate before food arrived and at random times that was unidentified. - When the dogs saw the experiment tray, they started salivat...

# 12/9 W7 Lecture 3: Learning and Motivation ## Classical Conditioning - **Pavlovian Response:** Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning. - Dogs would salivate before food arrived and at random times that was unidentified. - When the dogs saw the experiment tray, they started salivating instead. - **Ringing bell conditioning:** Ring sound before giving dogs food - dogs started salivating from bell sound alone. ## Psychic Reflex - The term for a learned response that Pavlov came up with, now called a conditioned response or #conditioning - **Terminology**: - **US**: Unconditioned Stimulus - **UR**: Unconditioned Response - **CS*: Conditioned Stimulus - **CR**: Conditioned Response - **Salivation to food:** Unconditioned: doesn't need to be learned - **Salivation to bell:** Conditioned: needs to be learned ## Conditioned vs Unconditioned Response - Pavlov termed the conditioning process as "Stimulus Substitution." - The branch substitutes the CS in the place of the US. - US doesn't involve the development of new behaviors. ## Second Order Conditioning - **Phase 1**: - Bell (CS1) + Food (US) - **Phase 2**: - Light (CS2) - Bell (CS1) - **Test:** - Light (CS2) - Dog would start salivating to the light. - **Classical conditioning:** This is viewed by some as the study of very primitive and automatic reflexes; salivation and eye blinks - **Useful Frame Work:** Highlighting the fundamental principles for how we learn about the environment. ## Examples of Classical Conditioning - **Appetitive Conditioning:** - Food preferences - Place preference - **Aversive Conditioning:** - Place avoidance - Conditioned fear - Conditioned taste aversion ## Conditioning in Advertising - Advertising connects stimuli to a certain brand or product (like a celebrity brand deal.) ## Acquisition and Extinction - **Phase 1 (Acquisition):** - Bell (CS) + Food (US) - **Acquisition:** Repeated presentations of the CS with the US creating the CR. - **Phase 2 (Extinction):** - Bell (CS) alone. - **Extinction:** Removal of the CR. - Doesn't fully remove the CR, creates a second memory instead, so both acquisition and extinction exist in the mind. - This can lead to two connecting memories at once. - **Renewal:** Can bring acquisition back and make a small relapse if time passes and neither Phase 1 or 2 have been acted on. - **Spontaneous Recovery:** A return in the conditioned response after a pause for a short period of time (a few weeks usually). - **Check Google / Chat for Renewal vs Spontaneous Recovery.**