7 Sem-Traumatology & Orthopedy-Open.xlsx PDF

## RAUMATOLOGY QUESTION BANK | Question | Option 1 | Option 2 | Option 3 | Option 4 | Option 5 | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | What is the first stage of bone fracture healing? | | Hematoma formation | | | | | Which of the following best describes the consolidation phase? | | Cartilage is replac...

## RAUMATOLOGY QUESTION BANK | Question | Option 1 | Option 2 | Option 3 | Option 4 | Option 5 | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | What is the first stage of bone fracture healing? | | Hematoma formation | | | | | Which of the following best describes the consolidation phase? | | Cartilage is replaced by bone | | | | | Which of the following best describes a comminuted fracture? | | A fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces | | | | | A patient presents with a non-union of a tibial fracture 6 months after sustaining the injury. What is the most appropriate treatment? | | Bone grafting | | | | | A 40-year-old man presents with severe pain and deformity in the left leg after a fall. The symptoms started immediately after the fall. What is the most appropriate next step? | | Immediate surgical intervention and internal fixation | | | | | What is the most absolute (100%) physical sign of a bone fracture? | | Crepitus | | | | | Which of the following is the best initial physical examination finding for a suspected bone fracture? | | Palpation for tenderness | | | | | Which of the following signs is most indicative of a bone fracture? | | Localized swelling, pain, and deformity | | | | | A 55-year-old woman falls and sustains a wrist injury. On examination, she has pain and tenderness at the distal radius, with a palpable deformity. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Colles' fracture | | | | | What is the most common imaging modality used to diagnose bone fractures? | | X-ray | | | | | Which imaging modality is most useful for detecting stress fractures? | | MRI | | | | | A patient presents with a suspected scaphoid fracture, but the initial X-ray is negative. What is the most appropriate next step? | | Repeat X-ray in 10-14 days | | | | | What is the primary goal of conservative treatment in bone fractures? | | To allow the bone to heal in its natural course | | | | | A 30-year-old man with a non-displaced midshaft humerus fracture presents for treatment. What is the most appropriate management? | | Functional brace | | | | | A 7-year-old boy falls off a playground slide and lands on his outstretched hand. He presents with pain and swelling at the wrist, with a suspected fracture. What is the most appropriate management? | | Immediate closed reduction and immobilization | | | | | What is the main advantage of using external fixation in open fractures? | | Allows easy access to the wound for cleaning and debridement | | | | | A 28-year-old male presents with an open tibial fracture after a motorcycle accident. What is the most appropriate management? | | Debridement and irrigation | | | | | A 28-year-old cyclist falls and lands on his outstretched hand. He presents with pain and deformity at the wrist, with a suspected fracture. What is the most appropriate management? | | Surgical intervention with open reduction and internal fixation | | | | | What is the most common cause of delayed union in fractures? | | Inadequate immobilization | | | | | A patient with a history of smoking presents with delayed union of a tibial fracture. What is the most appropriate treatment? | | Application of a bone stimulator | | | | | What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation? | | Anterior | | | | | Which of the following is a common complication of anterior shoulder dislocations? | | Axillary nerve injury | | | | | A 25-year-old male presents with an anterior shoulder dislocation. What is the most appropriate management? | | Closed reduction | | | | | Which of the following tests is most commonly used to assess a suspected rotator cuff tear? | | Drop arm test | | | | | A 60-year-old patient presents with chronic shoulder pain and limited range of motion. What is the most appropriate management? | | Arthroscopic repair | | | | | Which nerve is most at risk of injury in a posterior elbow dislocation? | | Ulnar nerve | | | | | A 45-year-old patient presents with a displaced radial head fracture. What is the most appropriate management? | | Radial head arthroplasty | | | | | Which complication is most commonly associated with scaphoid fractures? | | Avascular necrosis | | | | | A patient presents with wrist pain after falling on an outstretched hand. What is the most appropriate management? | | Thumb spica splint and repeat X-ray in 10-14 days | | | | | A baseball pitcher experiences pain on the inner side of their elbow. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury | | | | | What is the most common type of pelvic fracture in elderly patients? | | Pubic rami fracture | | | | | Which of the following complications is most concerning in a patient with a pelvic fracture? | | Hemorrhage | | | | | A 70-year-old woman presents with a pelvic fracture after a fall. What is the most appropriate initial management? | | Pelvic binder and fluid resuscitation | | | | | Which of the following fractures is also known as a distal radius fracture? | | Colles fracture | | | | | Which of the following best describes the difference between a Colles fracture and a Smith fracture? | | A Colles fracture is a stable break, while a Smith fracture is an unstable break, with a high risk of non-union | | | | | A 45-year-old man falls on an outstretched hand and presents to the emergency department with pain and tenderness at the wrist. An X-ray reveals a fracture of the distal radius, with dorsal displacement. What is the most likely diagnosis and what is the most appropriate management? | | Colles fracture; Immobilize the wrist and refer for a specialist | | | | | A 30-year-old woman presents with severe wrist pain after a fall. An X-ray reveals a fracture of the scaphoid bone. What is the most likely diagnosis? How should this fracture be managed? | | Scaphoid fracture; immobilization of the wrist and refer for a specialist | | | | | A 25-year-old man was involved in a motorcycle accident. He presents to the emergency department with pain and swelling at the wrist. An X-ray reveals a fracture of the distal radius with volar displacement. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Immediate closed reduction and splinting | | | | | Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between a Colles fracture and a Smith fracture? | | A wrist fracture generally involves a break on the dorsal side of the distal radius, whereas a Smith fracture involves a break on the volar side | | | | | A 50-year-old man presents with wrist pain and an inability to extend his wrist after a fall. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Immediate reduction and surgical intervention | | | | | Which of the following best describes a Garden III femoral neck fracture? | | Complete fracture with partial displacement | | | | | An elderly woman with a history of osteoporosis presents with a fracture of the proximal femur. What is the most appropriate management? | | Dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation | | | | | A soccer player reports sharp pain in the groin area during kicking. What is the most likely cause? | | Hip labral tear | | | | | Which of the following is the most common location for a femoral shaft fracture? | | Femoral shaft | | | | | What is the primary concern in managing femoral shaft fractures? | | Blood loss | | | | | A 25-year-old male presents with a closed femoral shaft fracture. What is the most appropriate management? | | Intramedullary nailing | | | | | A dancer experiences pain on the side of the hip that worsens with activity. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Hip bursitis | | | | | What is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee? | | Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) | | | | | Which test is most commonly used to diagnose an anterior cruciate ligament tear? | | Lachman test | | | | | A patient sustained an injury to his knee with a twisting force. He presents with pain and swelling at the medial aspect of the knee. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Medial meniscus tear | | | | | A basketball player lands awkwardly after a jump and feels a popping sensation in his knee. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Meniscus tear | | | | | Which of the following is the primary treatment for a non-displaced patellar fracture? | | Knee immobilization | | | | | A 35-year-old male presents with a displaced comminuted patellar fracture. What is the most appropriate management? | | Open reduction and internal fixation | | | | | Which of the following complications is most commonly associated with tibial fractures? | | Compartment syndrome | | | | | A 30-year-old female presents with an open tibial shaft fracture. What is the most appropriate initial management? | | Administration of IV antibiotics | | | | | A 30-year-old recreational athlete presents to the emergency department with pain and swelling at the ankle. He reports that the pain began gradually after a recent increase in his training. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Plantar fasciitis; Ankle brace and early mobilization with weight-bearing as tolerated | | | | | Which of the following foot injuries is characterized by the inflammation of the plantar fascia? | | Plantar fasciitis | | | | | Explain the mechanism of injury commonly associated with a turf toe injury? | | Hyperextension of the foot | | | | | A runner experiences sharp pain and swelling in the ankle after a sudden twisting motion. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Turf toe | | | | | A hiker complains of pain in the heel that is especially intense in the morning and is relieved after a few steps. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Plantar fasciitis | | | | | Which test is most commonly used to diagnose an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee? | | Anterior drawer test | | | | | A 25-year-old female presents with ankle pain and swelling after a fall. What is the most appropriate first step in management? | | X-ray of the ankle | | | | | A motorcyclist involved in a crash presents with severe pain in the anterior thigh. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Quadriceps strain | | | | | What is the most common site of a stress fracture in the foot? | | Second metatarsal | | | | | Which of the following is a characteristic finding of a Lisfranc injury? | | Diastasis between the first and second metatarsal bones | | | | | Describe the difference between a compression fracture and a burst fracture of the spine. | | A compression fracture is often asymptomatic, while a burst fracture is usually painful and associated with neurological deficits | | | | | A patient is brought into the emergency room following a fall from a height. She presents with pain and numbness in both legs. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Spinal cord contusion | | | | | A 30-year-old male presents with pain and swelling over the midfoot. An X-ray reveals a diastasis between the first and second metatarsal bones. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Lisfranc injury | | | | | Which of the following chest injuries is characterized by a segment of the chest wall that moves paradoxically during respiration? | | Flail chest | | | | | Which of the following conditions is characterized by the collection of air in the pleural space? | | Pneumothorax | | | | | What is the term for a serious condition where there is a collection of blood in the pleural space? | | Hemothorax | | | | | A patient involved in a car accident presents with difficulty breathing. An X-ray reveals a fracture of multiple adjacent ribs. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Rib fracture | | | | | A football player is tackled forcefully and sustains a blow to the chest. He presents with shortness of breath and pain in his chest. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Hemothorax; Urgent surgical intervention | | | | | Explain the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | | Osteoarthritis primarily affects weight-bearing joints and is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration; rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple joints and is characterized by inflammation and joint destruction | | | | | Describe the role of joint cartilage in the development and progression of osteoarthritis. | | Joint cartilage in osteoarthritis undergoes progressive degeneration and thinning, leading to pain and stiffness | | | | | A 57-year-old woman presents with gradually worsening pain and stiffness in her knee. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Primary osteoarthritis | | | | | A 65-year-old man presents with chronic pain and swelling in his knees, which is worse in the morning and improves after a few minutes of movement. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Primary osteoarthritis | | | | | Discuss the role of risk factors such as obesity, age, and joint overuse in the development of osteoarthritis. | | Obesity, age, and joint overuse are all significant risk factors for osteoarthritis | | | | | A 70-year-old woman with a history of knee injuries and long-standing knee pain presents for treatment. What is the most appropriate management? | | Secondary osteoarthritis; manage symptoms through conservative measures, such as pain medication, physical therapy, and assistive devices | | | | | A 55-year-old man with osteoarthritis in his knee seeks advice on how to manage his symptoms. What are some helpful tips for managing osteoarthritis pain? | | Hot and cold therapy, weight loss, exercise, and pain medication; avoid high-impact activities | | | | | Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with osteoarthritis? | | Weakness of ankle plantarflexion | | | | | A 40-year-old male presents with lower back pain radiating down his leg. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Physical therapy and NSAIDs; If symptoms persist, consider interventional pain management or surgery | | | | | A newborn infant is brought in for a routine check-up, and the pediatrician notes that the infant's hips are unstable. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) | | | | | What is the most common type of thoracic vertebral fracture? | | Compression fracture | | | | | Which of the following is the most likely cause of a compression fracture of the vertebral body? | | Osteoporosis | | | | | Compare and contrast the characteristics and treatment approaches for clubfoot and club hand. | | Clubfoot and club hand are both characterized by abnormal foot or hand development; clubfoot is treated with serial casting and stretching exercises, while club hand is treated with surgical correction | | | | | A 75-year-old female with a history of osteoporosis presents with a compression fracture of the thoracic spine. What is the most appropriate management? | | Pain management and bracing; If symptoms persist, consider interventional pain management or surgery | | | | | Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with kyphosis? | | Weakness in shoulder abduction | | | | | Which of the following conditions is characterized by excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine? | | Kyphosis | | | | | A 45-year-old male patient presents with chronic lower back pain. He reports that the pain is worse with prolonged sitting and improves with physical activity. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Physical therapy focusing on lumbar extension exercises and core strengthening | | | | | A 35-year-old male presents with neck pain and numbness in his left arm. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Cervical collar and physical therapy; If symptoms persist, consider interventional pain management or surgery | | | | | Which of the following bone tumors is characterized by the presence of giant cells? | | Giant cell tumor of bone | | | | | Osteochondropathy and osteodystrophy are conditions that affect bone growth and development. Describe each condition and provide examples. | | Osteochondropathy refers to a group of conditions that affect the growth plates of bones, such as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, Osgood-Schlatter disease, and Sever's disease; osteodystrophy refers to abnormal bone development, such as rickets and osteomalacia | | | | | Bone tumors can be classified as benign or malignant. Which of the following statements is true about benign bone tumors? | | Benign bone tumors do not pose a risk of metastasis and are often treated with surgery or observation | | | | | A 14-year-old male presents with knee pain and limping. Imaging shows a tumor in the metaphysis of the femur. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Refer to an orthopedic surgeon for further evaluation and management | | | | | A 30-year-old female presents with persistent bone pain and swelling in her left leg. An X-ray reveals a lytic lesion in the diaphysis of the femur. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Osteosarcoma; perform a bone biopsy for definitive diagnosis and then proceed with appropriate treatment, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy | | | | | What is the term used to describe a common acquired foot deformity characterized by a flattening of the arch? | | Flatfoot (Pes planus) | | | | | A 50-year-old male presents with chronic foot pain and a noticeable flattening of his arch. What is the most appropriate management? | | Custom orthotic shoe inserts | | | | | A 65-year-old female patient with diabetes presents with a severe ulcer on the plantar aspect of her foot. What is the most appropriate management? | | Close monitoring of foot ulcers and infections; aggressive management of blood sugar levels | | | | | For a case of non-union of a long bone fracture, which drug is used to promote bone healing? | | Bone morphogenic protein | | | | | What is the term used to describe the amputation that involves the removal of the foot at the level of the tarsometatarsal joint? | | Lisfranc's amputation | | | | | What is the term used to describe the surgical procedure that involves suturing the tendon to the bone? | | Myodesis | | | | | Pain due to post-amputation neuroma is best treated by which method? | | Surgical excision | | | | | All of the following are the biochemical changes seen in osteoporosis EXCEPT? | | Serum calcium increases | | | | | Which of the following is seen in osteoporosis? | | Decreased bone density | | | | | Which of the following is the best method to assess healing in a fracture? | | X-ray | | | | | True about supracondylar humerus fracture is? | | Nerves injury manifestation are common | | | | | Which prominent part on examination of elbow in posterior view can we see? | | Olecranon | | | | | Which instrumental diagnostic method is commonly used to evaluate a fracture? | | X-ray | | | | | A patient presents with persistent back pain after a fall, and CT scan reveals a compression fracture of the vertebral body. What is the most appropriate management? | | CT (Computed Tomography) | | | | | A patient with suspected stress fractures in the lower extremities should undergo which diagnostic test? | | Bone scan | | | | | What is a common non-surgical method used to immobilize and support a fracture? | | Casting | | | | | A patient with a non-displaced, stable ankle fracture is prescribed which type of immobilization? | | Functional bracing | | | | | A patient with a stable, non-displaced midshaft femur fracture is treated with which type of immobilization? | | External fixation | | | | | What is the term for the surgical method that involves the use of plates and screws to stabilize a fracture? | | Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) | | | | | A patient with a severely displaced fracture of the forearm undergoes a reduction under anesthesia. What is the most likely procedure performed? | | Closed reduction | | | | | A patient with a complex pelvic fracture undergoes a surgical procedure. What is the most likely type of immobilization used? | | External fixation | | | | | A 35-year-old male presents with a history of a recent tibial fracture. He complains of numbness and tingling in his foot. What is the most likely complication? | | Neurovascular injury | | | | | A 40-year-old man sustains an open fracture of the ulna and radius. What is the most likely complication? | | Osteomyelitis | | | | | The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons located in which part of the body? | | Shoulder | | | | | An elderly patient presents with a sudden loss of the ability to flex his elbow. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Distal biceps tendon rupture | | | | | A 30-year-old patient with a undisplaced midshaft humerus fracture presents for treatment. What is the most appropriate management? | | Sling and early motion | | | | | A 45-year-old man presents with a humerus shaft fracture after a fall. He complains of pain and numbness in his hand. What is the most likely complication? | | Radial nerve; exploration and repair | | | | | A 35-year-old male presents with a closed humeral shaft fracture. What is the most appropriate time frame for surgical intervention? | | Within 24 hours of injury | | | | | A patient presents with pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow, especially when extending the wrist. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Tennis elbow | | | | | A 40-year-old female sustains an olecranon fracture after a fall. What is the most appropriate management? | | Conservative management with a sling and early mobilization | | | | | A 32-year-old male falls onto an outstretched hand and sustains a fracture of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the radial head. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Monteggia fracture | | | | | A 38-year-old patient with a history of a forearm fracture presents with pain and swelling at the elbow. What is the most likely complication? | | Heterotopic ossification | | | | | A patient with a distal radius fracture is treated with closed reduction and immobilization. What is the most likely complication? | | Monitoring for carpal tunnel syndrome | | | | | A 60-year-old patient falls onto an outstretched hand, resulting in a fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Distal third | | | | | A 50-year-old patient sustains a Smith fracture with significant displacement. What is the most appropriate management? | | Open reduction and internal fixation | | | | | A patient presents with localized tenderness and swelling in the anatomical snuffbox of the wrist. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Scaphoid fracture | | | | | A 30-year-old office worker presents with persistent wrist pain. He has a history of repetitive motions and a recent increase in symptoms. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | De Quervain's tenosynovitis; immobilization in a splint | | | | | A 45-year-old patient presents with a fracture of the hamate bone. What is the most likely complication? What is the most appropriate management? | | Nerve compression; immobilization in a splint | | | | | A 50-year-old patient presents with sharp, shooting pain and tingling in the little finger and numbness in the pinky and ring fingers. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Carpal tunnel syndrome | | | | | A 60-year-old patient with a history of osteoporosis experiences a fracture of the femoral neck after a fall. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Femoral neck fracture | | | | | A 60-year-old patient sustains a trochanteric fracture after a fall. What is the most appropriate management? | | Dynamic hip screw fixation | | | | | An 80-year-old patient falls at home and presents with pain and limited range of motion in the hip. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Avascular necrosis | | | | | A patient presents with groin pain, limited hip movement, and a catching sensation in the hip joint. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Hip labral tear | | | | | A 10-year-old child falls from a height and sustains a supracondylar fracture of the humerus. What is the most likely complication? | | Involvement of the distal femoral epiphysis | | | | | A basketball player has patellar tendinitis. What is the recommended treatment? | | Stretching and strengthening exercises | | | | | A 35-year-old patient sustains a midshaft femoral fracture due to a high energy trauma. What is the most appropriate surgical treatment? | | Intramedullary nailing | | | | | A 32-year-old athlete experiences a sudden twist of the knee during a soccer game. He presents with pain and swelling in the knee joint, and he is unable to bear weight. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear | | | | | A patient presents with pain and swelling in the knee joint after a recent knee injury. They report that the pain is worse when walking downstairs. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear | | | | | A young athlete sustains an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. What is the most appropriate treatment? | | ACL reconstruction surgery | | | | | A patient presents with pain and swelling at the insertion of the patellar tendon. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Patellar tendinitis | | | | | A 22-years-old man presented with 2 days history of pain, inability to bear weight, and tenderness at the knee. What is the most appropriate next step in management? | | Lachmann test | | | | | A 30-year-old patient presents with a patellar fracture following a fall. What is the most appropriate management? | | Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) | | | | | A patient complains of calf pain and swelling following a long plane ride. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Deep vein thrombosis (DVT); Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) | | | | | A patient has a lateral ankle sprain with significant swelling. What is the most appropriate management? | | Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) | | | | | A long-distance runner complains of shin pain during and after running. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Rest and ice | | | | | Which ligament is commonly injured in a lateral ankle sprain? | | Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) | | | | | A 45-year-old individual complains of heel pain, particularly in the morning. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? | | Plantar fasciitis; Arch supports and orthotics | | | | | A 25-year-old individual presents with an acute ankle sprain following a sudden inversion injury. What is the most appropriate initial management? | | Immobilization with a brace or splint | | | | | A 40-year-old runner complains of persistent pain and swelling in his ankle. What is the most common cause of ankle sprains? | | Motor vehicle accidents | | | | | A patient with an unstable pelvic fracture is hemodynamically unstable. What is the most appropriate initial management? | | Pelvic binder application | | | | | A patient with an unstable pelvic fracture and associated hemorrhage presents for treatment. What is the most appropriate investigation? | | Pelvic angiography and embolization to control bleeding | | | | | What is the most common cause of pelvic fractures? | | Motor vehicle accidents | | | | | What is the most common cause of cervical spine injuries? | | Motor vehicle accidents | | | | | A patient is diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis and experiences a fracture of the vertebral body. What is the most likely type of fracture? | | Flexion-distraction injury | | | | | A patient presents with a burst fracture in the thoracic spine after a motor vehicle accident. What is the most likely mechanism of injury? | | Fragmentation of vertebral body | | | | | A patient with a stable vertebral compression fracture in the thoracic spine presents for treatment. What is the most appropriate management? | | Vertebroplasty | | | | | A patient presents with a traumatic spinal cord injury resulting in paralysis of the lower extremities. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Paraplegia | | | | | A patient is diagnosed with a tension pneumothorax. What is the most likely complication? | | Cardiac tamponade | | | | | Which of the following is a common symptom of a rib fracture? | | Crepitus | | | | | A patient is diagnosed with a traumatic pneumothorax. What is the most appropriate management? | | Chest tube insertion | | | | | A patient sustains a penetrating injury to the chest, resulting in a collection of blood in the pleural space. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Hemothorax | | | | | A patient presents with a fractured sternum following a direct blow to the chest. What is the most likely complication? | | Cardiac arrhythmias | | | | | A patient is diagnosed with flail chest and respiratory distress. What is the most appropriate management? | | Thoracotomy and fixation with plates and screws | | | | | Which joint is commonly affected by osteoarthritis? | | Knee | | | | | A 55-year-old individual presents with joint pain and stiffness, especially in the morning. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Osteoarthritis | | | | | A patient with hand osteoarthritis experiences localized pain and stiffness, particularly in the thumb and index finger joints. What is the most appropriate initial management? | | Intra-articular corticosteroid injections | | | | | A patient with knee osteoarthritis is seeking pain relief, and conservative measures have not been successful. What is the most appropriate next step in management? | | Opioid analgesics; refer for a specialist | | | | | A patient with osteoarthritis experiences morning stiffness lasting for more than 30 minutes. What is the most likely type of arthritis? | | Inflammatory joint pain | | | | | A patient with osteoarthritis experiences pain and inflammation in the knee joint. What is the most appropriate initial management? | | Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements, weight loss, exercise; refer for a specialist | | | | | A patient with knee osteoarthritis is considering intra-articular injections. What is the most appropriate injection for this condition? | | Corticosteroids | | | | | Which gender is more commonly affected by congenital dislocations of the hip? | | Females | | | | | A 3-year-old child is diagnosed with hip dysplasia, and conservative measures have not been successful. What is the most appropriate next step in management? | | Triple osteotomy | | | | | A teenager with untreated developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) presents for treatment. What is the most appropriate management? | | Total hip replacement (THR) | | | | | What is the most common term used to describe the congenital condition characterized by short, abnormally shaped fingers? | | Brachydactyly | | | | | A newborn is diagnosed with bilateral congenital clubfoot. What is the most appropriate management? | | Tendon transfer | | | | | A child with club hand deformity experiences a relapse after initial treatment with casting. What is the most appropriate next step in management? | | Soft tissue release | | | | | A child with club hand deformity experiences functional limitations despite previous treatment with casting and soft tissue release. What is the most appropriate next step in management? | | Soft tissue release | | | | | Which of the following conditions is characterized by the abnormal sideways curvature of the spine? | | Scoliosis | | | | | A teenager is diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. What is the most appropriate management? | | Structural lateral curvature of the spine; observe for progression, and if needed, perform spinal fusion with instrumentation | | | | | An adult patient with degenerative scoliosis experiences severe spinal pain and functional limitations. What is the most appropriate management? | | Spinal fusion with instrumentation | | | | | Which common osteochondropathy is characterized by the avascular necrosis of the femoral head? | | Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease | | | | | A teenager presents with pain and swelling in the diaphysis of the femur. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Ewing sarcoma | | | | | A middle-aged individual presents with pain and swelling in the proximal humerus. What is the most likely diagnosis? | | Osteosarcoma | | | | | A patient is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. What is the primary treatment? | | Surgical resection | | | | | A patient with a giant cell tumor of the bone presents with recurrent tumor growth after previous surgical resection. What is the most appropriate management? | | Repeat surgical resection | | | | | Which acquired foot deformity is characterized by an abnormal dorsiflexion of the great toe? | | Hammer toe | | | | | A patient with hallux rigid