Bone Fracture Healing Stages

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Questions and Answers

What is the most appropriate next step in management for a child with club hand deformity who has functional limitations despite previous treatment?

  • Soft tissue release (correct)
  • Spinal fusion with instrumentation
  • Re-application of casting
  • Regular observation without intervention

Which condition is characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine?

  • Flatback Syndrome
  • Lordosis
  • Scoliosis (correct)
  • Kyphosis

A teenager diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is observed for progression. What treatment may be indicated if the condition progresses?

  • Casting for alignment
  • Spinal fusion with instrumentation (correct)
  • Physical therapy and medication
  • Chiropractic adjustments

What is identified as the primary treatment for a patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma?

<p>Surgical resection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common osteochondropathy is associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

<p>Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a motorcyclist presenting with severe pain in the anterior thigh after a crash?

<p>Quadriceps strain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is most commonly used to diagnose an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee?

<p>Anterior drawer test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a collection of air in the pleural space?

<p>Pneumothorax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site of a stress fracture in the foot?

<p>Second metatarsal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic finding of a Lisfranc injury?

<p>Diastasis between the first and second metatarsal bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chest injury is characterized by paradoxical movement of a segment of the chest wall during respiration?

<p>Flail chest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate first step in managing an ankle injury after a fall?

<p>X-ray of the ankle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a compression fracture from a burst fracture of the spine?

<p>Compression fractures are typically asymptomatic, while burst fractures are painful and may involve neurological deficits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diagnostic test should a patient with suspected stress fractures in the lower extremities undergo?

<p>Bone scan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used to immobilize and support a fracture without surgery?

<p>Casting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a non-displaced, stable ankle fracture is most likely prescribed which type of immobilization?

<p>Functional bracing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgical method involves using plates and screws to stabilize a fracture?

<p>Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely complication for a patient with a recent tibial fracture who reports numbness and tingling in his foot?

<p>Neurovascular injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication associated with an open fracture of the ulna and radius?

<p>Osteomyelitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate management for a closed humeral shaft fracture?

<p>Sling and early motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is likely if a patient presents with pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow when extending the wrist?

<p>Tennis elbow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary management approach for a 75-year-old female with a compression fracture of the thoracic spine due to osteoporosis?

<p>Pain management and bracing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine?

<p>Kyphosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate treatment for chronic lower back pain that worsens with prolonged sitting but improves with physical activity?

<p>Physical therapy focusing on lumbar extension exercises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is most commonly associated with kyphosis?

<p>Weakness in shoulder abduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone tumor is characterized by the presence of giant cells?

<p>Giant cell tumor of bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for an individual who complains of heel pain, particularly in the morning?

<p>Plantar fasciitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate initial management for a 25-year-old with an acute ankle sprain following a sudden inversion injury?

<p>Immobilization with a brace or splint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment option for osteodystrophy?

<p>Vitamin D supplementation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of ankle sprains?

<p>Sports activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about benign bone tumors is correct?

<p>Benign tumors are often treated with surgery or observation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for a 14-year-old male with knee pain and a tumor in the metaphysis of the femur?

<p>Osteosarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with an unstable pelvic fracture who is hemodynamically unstable, what is the most appropriate initial management?

<p>Pelvic binder application (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely mechanism of injury for a burst fracture in the thoracic spine after a motor vehicle accident?

<p>Fragmentation of vertebral body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a traumatic spinal cord injury resulting in paralysis of the lower extremities?

<p>Paraplegia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of a rib fracture?

<p>Crepitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a traumatic pneumothorax, what is the most appropriate management?

<p>Chest tube insertion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 32-year-old male who falls onto an outstretched hand, sustaining a fracture of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the radial head?

<p>Monteggia fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with a history of a forearm fracture presenting with pain and swelling at the elbow, what is the most likely complication?

<p>Heterotopic ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication should be monitored for in a patient treated for a distal radius fracture with closed reduction and immobilization?

<p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 60-year-old patient who falls onto an outstretched hand and sustains a fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement?

<p>Colles fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a 50-year-old patient with a Smith fracture that has significant displacement, what is the most appropriate management?

<p>Open reduction and internal fixation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with localized tenderness and swelling in the anatomical snuffbox of the wrist?

<p>Scaphoid fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a 30-year-old office worker with persistent wrist pain due to repetitive motions, what is the most likely diagnosis and appropriate management?

<p>De Quervain's tenosynovitis; immobilization in a splint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely complication of a fracture of the hamate bone, and what is the most appropriate management?

<p>Nerve compression; immobilization in a splint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Clubfoot

A condition characterized by abnormal foot development, often involving inward turning of the foot.

Club Hand

A condition characterized by abnormal hand development, often involving a bent or twisted hand.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by decreased bone density, leading to increased risk of fractures.

Kyphosis

A condition characterized by excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, resulting in a hunchback appearance.

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Lordosis

A condition characterized by excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine, resulting in a swayback appearance.

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Osteochondropathy

A group of conditions affecting the growth plates of bones, leading to pain and limited mobility.

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Osteodystrophy

Abnormal bone development, often characterized by weakened bones.

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Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

A benign bone tumor characterized by the presence of giant cells, often affecting the ends of long bones.

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Monteggia fracture

A fracture of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the radial head.

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Heterotopic ossification

Formation of bone in soft tissues around the elbow joint, often after a fracture.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome

A condition where the median nerve is compressed at the wrist.

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Colles fracture

A fracture of the distal radius with dorsal (backward) displacement.

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Smith fracture

A fracture of the distal radius with volar (forward) displacement.

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Scaphoid fracture

A fracture of the scaphoid bone, located in the wrist.

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De Quervain's tenosynovitis

Inflammation of the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist, often caused by overuse.

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CT (Computed Tomography)

A diagnostic imaging technique that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body.

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Casting

A non-surgical method of immobilizing a fracture using a rigid, plaster cast.

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Functional Bracing

A type of supportive brace used to immobilize a fracture, allowing some movement for functional use.

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Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)

A surgical procedure involving the use of plates and screws to stabilize a fracture.

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Closed Reduction

A surgical procedure used to realign a displaced fracture, performed under anesthesia without making an incision.

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Neurovascular injury

A complication of fracture that involves damage to the nerves and blood vessels supplying the affected area.

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Osteomyelitis

An infection of the bone, often occurring after an open fracture where bacteria enters the wound.

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Rotator Cuff

A group of muscles and tendons located in the shoulder, responsible for shoulder movement and stability.

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What is scoliosis?

A sideways curvature of the spine, often occurring in adolescence.

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What is Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

A condition where the femoral head (top of the thighbone) loses its blood supply and dies. It's common in children.

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What is Ewing sarcoma?

A rare and aggressive bone cancer that typically affects the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones like the femur.

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What is osteosarcoma?

A malignant bone cancer that most commonly affects the ends of long bones like the femur and humerus.

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What is the primary treatment for osteosarcoma?

Involves removing the cancerous bone and replacing it with either a bone graft or a prosthesis.

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ACL Injury

An injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee. It is a common sports injury, especially in athletes who play pivoting and rotational sports, like football and basketball.

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Anterior Drawer Test

A test used to diagnose an ACL injury. The examiner pulls the tibia forward while the knee is flexed to assess the stability of the ACL.

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Pneumothorax

A collection of air in the pleural space, the space between the lung and the chest wall. It can be caused by trauma, infection, or other medical conditions.

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Hemothorax

A collection of blood in the pleural space. Often caused by trauma, such as a rib fracture or blunt force injury.

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Plantar Fasciitis

Pain and inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot. It is a common condition that causes pain in the heel and arch of the foot.

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Lisfranc Injury

A traumatic injury that involves a disruption of the ligaments connecting the foot to the ankle. It's often caused by a forceful twisting motion or a direct blow to the midfoot.

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Flail Chest

A type of fracture where a segment of the chest wall moves in the opposite direction of the rest of the chest during breathing, often due to multiple rib fractures. This results in paradoxical movement, impacting breathing efficiency.

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Compression Fracture

A fracture of the spine where the vertebral body collapses, often caused by osteoporosis or trauma. These fractures are frequently stable and may not cause significant pain.

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Ankle Sprain

A common injury to the ankle caused by sudden inversion of the foot, often involving the anterior talofibular ligament.

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Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) Sprain

This is the most common type of ankle sprain, caused by an injury to the anterior talofibular ligament.

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Pelvic Fracture

A fracture of the pelvic bone, which can be stable or unstable. Unstable fractures pose a significant risk due to potential blood loss and organ damage.

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Management of Unstable Pelvic Fracture

An unstable pelvic fracture requires immediate stabilization to prevent further injury and manage potential complications.

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Vertebral Compression Fracture

A fracture of the vertebral body in the spine, often caused by trauma or a pre-existing condition like Ankylosing Spondylitis.

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Thoracic Spine Burst Fracture

The most common type of thoracic spine injury caused by trauma, resulting in fragmentation of the vertebral body.

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Paraplegia

Paralysis of the lower extremities as a result of a spinal cord injury.

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Study Notes

Bone Fracture Healing Stages

  • Hematoma formation is the first stage of bone fracture healing
  • Consolidation phase involves cartilage being replaced by bone
  • Comminuted fracture is a fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces
  • Non-union of a tibial fracture after 6 months may require bone grafting
  • Severe pain and deformity in a 40-year-old man with a bone fracture likely requires immediate surgical intervention
  • Crepitus is a 100% physical sign of a bone fracture
  • Local swelling, pain, and deformity often indicate a bone fracture
  • A 55-year-old woman falling and injuring her wrist likely experienced a Colles' fracture
  • X-ray is the most common imaging modality to diagnose a bone fracture
  • MRI is more effective for detecting stress fractures
  • Conservative bone fracture treatment aims for natural healing
  • A 30-year-old man with a non-displaced humerus fracture might use a functional brace
  • An open tibial fracture may necessitate immediate wound debridement and irrigation
  • Inadequate immobilization is a common cause of delayed fracture union
  • Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common injury
  • Axillary nerve injury is a potential complication in anterior shoulder dislocations.
  • A displaced radial head fracture in a patient may need a radial head arthroplasty
  • Avascular necrosis is a potential complication of scaphoid fracture
  • Thumb spica splint and repeat X-ray is a suitable approach for wrist pain after a fall on an outstretched hand
  • Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are common in baseball pitchers.
  • Pubic rami fracture is a common pelvic fracture in the elderly
  • Hemorrhage is a concern in pelvic fractures
  • Garden III femoral neck fracture is a complete fracture with partial displacement
  • Dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation is a suitable treatment for elderly women with osteoporosis fractures.
  • Hip labral tear is a potential injury in a soccer player during a kicking motion
  • Femoral shaft fracture often involves blood loss
  • Intramedullary nailing is a typical treatment for closed femoral shaft fractures
  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common knee injury in a twisting motion
  • A non-displaced, comminuted patellar fracture may need open reduction and internal fixation
  • Compartment syndrome is a possible complication associated with an open tibial shaft fracture
  • Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in hikers
  • Diastasis between the first and second metatarsals in the foot is a characteristic finding of a Lisfranc injury
  • Flail chest is a significant chest injury
  • Hemothorax is a collection of blood in the chest cavity.
  • A rib fracture is common in a car accident
  • A tension pneumothorax is severe chest injury

Miscellaneous

  • Hip bursitis is often related to pain in a dancer
  • Medial meniscus injury is a frequent outcome from a twisting injury
  • Conservative management is a typical approach for non-displaced tibial fracture
  • Plantar fasciitis is frequent in runners or people who walk long distances
  • A Lisfranc injury is typically seen after a fall and is characterized by a diastasis between metatarsals
  • Spinal cord contusion may result from a fall from a height
  • Clubfoot is a condition that requires serial casting and stretching exercises.
  • Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine
  • Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is an avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children

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