Carpentry Learning Modules PDF

Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module CARPENTRY EXPLORATORY COURSE Grades 7 and Grade 8  TABLE OF CONTENTS What Is Thi...

Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module CARPENTRY EXPLORATORY COURSE Grades 7 and Grade 8  TABLE OF CONTENTS What Is This Module About ?.................................................................................... 2 How Do You Use This Module............................................................................... 3 LESSON 1 – Prepare Construction Materials and Tools......................... 4-22 LESSON 2 – Maintain Tools and Equipment......................................... 23-38 LESSON 3 – Perform Mensuration and Calculation............................... 39-58 LESSON 4 – Interpret Drawings and Plans............................................... 59-75 LESSON 5 – Practice Occupational Health and Safety........................ 76-108 Answer Keys..................................................................................................... 109-115 Acknowledgment.....................................................................................................116 CARPENTRY 1 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Is This Module About? Welcome to the world of Carpentry! This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Carpentry National Certificate Level II ( NC II)1. It covers 5 common competencies that a Grade 7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to possess, namely: 1). prepare Construction Materials and Tools; 2). maintain Tools and Equipment; 3). perform Mensurations and Calculations; 4). interpret Drawings and Plans; and 5). practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures. These 5 common competencies are covered separately in 5 Lessons. As shown below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one or two learning outcomes. Lesson 1 – Prepare Construction Materials and Tools LO 1 - Identify materials and tools applicable to a specific construction job LO 2 - Request appropriate materials and tools LO 3 - Receive and inspect materials Lesson 2 – Maintain Tools and Equipment LO 1 - Check conditions of tools and equipment LO 2 - Perform basic preventive maintenance LO 3 - Store tools and equipment Learning Outcomes Lesson 3 – Perform Mensurations and Calculations LO 1 - Select measuring instruments LO 2 - Carryout measurement and calculations Lesson 4 – Interpret Drawings and Plans LO 1 - Analyze signs, symbols and data LO 2 - Interpret technical drawings and plans LO 3 - Apply Freehand Sketching Lesson 5 – Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures LO 1 - Identity hazards and risks LO 2 - Evaluate hazards and risks. LO 3 - Control hazards and risks. LO 4 Maintain occupational health and safety awareness. 1NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (NC) is a certification issued to individuals who achieved all the required units of competency for a national qualification as defined under the Training Regulations. NCs are aligned to specific levels within the PTQF. (TESDA Board Resolution No. 2004-13, Training Regulations Framework) NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL refers to the four (4) qualification levels defined in the Philippine TVET Qualifications Framework (PTQF) where the worker with: a. NC I performs a routine and predictable tasks; has little judgment; and, works under supervision; b. NC II performs prescribed range of functions involving known routines and procedures; has limited choice and complexity of functions, and has little accountability; CARPENTRY 2 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Your success in this exploratory course on Carpentry is shown in your ability to perform the performance standards found in each lesson. How Do You Use This Module? This Module has 5 Lessons. Each Lesson has the following parts.  Learning Outcomes  Performance Standards  Materials/Resources  References  Definition of Terms  What Do You Already Know?  What Do You Need to Know?  How Much Have You Learned?  How Do You Apply What You Learned?  How Well Did You Perform?  How Do You Extend Your Learning? To get the most from this Module, do the following. 1. Read the Learning Outcome/s and Performance Standards. These tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this Module. 2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed to the next Lesson. This means that you need not go through the Lesson because you already know what it is about. If you failed to get 99 to 100% correctly, go through the Lesson again and review especially those items which you failed to get. 3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or more Information Sheets. An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you need to know. After reading the Information Sheet, test yourself on how much you learned by means of the Self-check. Refer to the Answer Key for correction. Do not hesitate to go back to the Information Sheet when you do not get all test items correctly. This will ensure your mastery of basic information. 4. Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity/Operation/Job Sheet directs you to do. 5. Apply what you have learned in another activity or in real life situation. 6. Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics for you to know how well you performed. Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key terms for your guide. They can be of great help. Use them fully. If you have questions, ask your teacher for assistance.. CARPENTRY 3 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LESSON 1 Prepare Construction Materials and Tools LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following: LO 1. identify materials and tools applicable to a specific construction job; LO 2. request appropriate materials and tools; and LO 3. receive and inspect materials. CARPENTRY 4 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Definition of Terms Bill – a statement of payment due to goods and services Damage – a destruction, injury, or harm to a person or thing Job – a piece of work of a definite extent or character for a set of fee Material – a stuff upon which a thing is made Quantity – a number, amount in size Requisition – act of requiring something to be furnished; a written request for something authorized but not made available automatically Tool – a simple implement, as a hammer, saw, and spade chisel etc. used in work Work – something made or accomplished CARPENTRY 5 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Identify materials and tools applicable to a specific construction job PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Tools and materials are identified as per job requirements.  Tools are classified according to its function as per job requirements.  Materials are classified according to its uses to a specific construction project.  Tools and materials are selected as per job requirement. Materials / Resources  Lumber  Water  Nails  G. I Sheet  Screw  Reinforcement Steel Bar  G.I Wire  Cement What Do You Already Know? Pretest LO 1 Let us determine how much you already know about identifying materials and tools applicable to a specific construction job. Take this test. Directions: Select the best answer for the choices given. Write your answer on your test notebook. 1. Object used as parts or components of projects. A. Tools C. Equipment B. Materials D. Hardware 2. Implements manipulated by the hand to facilitate carpentry works. A. Tools C. Equipment B. Materials D. Hardware 3. List 3 familiar carpentry tools in your house. 4. List 3 construction materials used in your house. 5. List 3 hardware used in your house. CARPENTRY 6 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1. Information Sheet 1.1 TYPES AND USES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TOOLS This lesson will enable you to identify materials and tools applicable to a specific job in carpentry. Materials Uses Lumber Construction/Carpentry Nails Construction/Carpentry Screw Construction/Carpentry G.I wire Construction/Carpentry Cement Construction/Carpentry Sand Construction/Carpentry Gravel Construction/Carpentry Water Construction/Carpentry Steel Reinforcement Construction/Carpentry G. I Sheet Construction/Carpentry Tools Uses Saw Cutting lumber or board Tri-Square Testing squareness Level hose Testing level Level bar Testing level Hammer Driving nails Chisel Cutting Plane Smoothing Drill bit Drilling/Boring holes Oil stone Sharpening CARPENTRY 7 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.1 Directions: Write opposite the given materials and tools their corresponding uses. Do this on your answer sheet. Materials Uses Lumber Nails Screw G.I wire Cement Sand Gravel Water Steel Reinforcement G. I Sheet Tools Uses Saw Square Level hose Level bar Hammer Chisel Plane Drill bit Oil stone CARPENTRY 8 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 1.2 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.2. Information Sheet 1.2 DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS In this lesson you will describe the materials and tools according to their description per job requirement in carpentry. Materials: Lumber - sawn Timber Nails - made of metal used for fastening woods Cement - a powdered substance which when mixed with water acts as binder of aggregate Sand - fine gritty, substance found in the shore and desert Plywood - thin cross laminated sheet of wood Gravel - coarse aggregate Tools: Pull-push-rule - used for measuring long distances Claw hammer - used for driving and pulling out nails Cross-cut-saw - tool used for cutting across the grain Ripsaw - used for cutting along the grain Plumb-bob - used for vertical alignment Try square - used to test the squareness of a stock Hack saw - fine toothed saw used to cut metals and pipes Level bar - tool used in checking vertical and horizontal position CARPENTRY 9 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  TRY SQUARE PULL PUSH RULE PLUMB BOB CROSS CUT SAW BENCH VISE HACK SAW CARPENTRY 10 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  ELECTRIC DRILL AUGER BIT S SPIRIT LEVEL CLAW HAMMER CROW BAR CARPENTRY 11 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  SCREW DRIVER SLEDGE HAMMER C-CLAMP CEMENT CARPENTRY 12 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.2 Directions: Supply what is defined or described. Write your answer on your answer sheet. _____________1. It is a thin cross laminated sheet of wood. _____________2. This is made of metal used for fastening. _____________3. It is a powdered substance mixed with water. _____________4. It is a fine, dry, gritty substance mixed with water. _____________5. It is a sawn timber. _____________6. It is used for measuring long distances. _____________7. It is used for driving and pulling out nails. _____________8. It is a tool used for cutting along the grain. _____________9. It is used for vertical alignment. _____________10. It is a tool used to test the squareness of a stock. Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 13 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Request appropriate materials and tools PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Needed materials and tools are listed as per job requirement  Materials and tools are requested according to the list prepared.  Requests are done as per company’s standard operating procedures (SOP). Materials / Resources  Actual materials  Requisition forms  Ballpen What Do You Already Know? Pretest LO 2 Directions: Fill up the requisition form. Use another sheet for your answer. Suggested Project: Bulletin Board DATE Balance on Requisition Materials and Unit Total Hand Quantity Unit Description price CARPENTRY 14 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education Teacher examines and inspects the output by using the following scoring guide. Criteria Rating 1. Accuracy 40% 2. Observance of the sequence of steps 30% 3. Readability of Information 20% 4. Neatness of work 10% 100% Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. What Do You Need To Know? Information Sheet 2.1 REQUISITION PROCEDURE The information that follows will teach you how to accomplish the form in order to acquire materials. Procedure: 1. State the name of the project and date when you requested for materials. 2. Fill in the classification of the project and its purpose. 3. Write the number of required materials. 4. List the unit of materials to be requisitioned. 5. Enumerate the materials with their description. 6. List the cost per unit and the total cost. 7. Write your name as requisitioner. 8. Secure the approval of authorities concerned. CARPENTRY 15 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  SAMPLE OF A REQUISITION FORM Suggested Project: Bulletin Board DATE Balance on Requisition Materials and Unit Total Hand Quantity Unit Description price 1 Piece ¾ Plywood P 700.00 1 Liter Stain Maple P110.00 1 Kilo Finishing nail 11/2 P 30.00 1 Foot Sand Paper P 50.00 1 Liter QDE Boysen P 150.00 (Green) 1 Liter Thinner (Lacquer) P 80.00 1 Piece Paint brush 2 P 20.00 P1040.00 ____________________________ _____________________________________ REQUISITIONER SHOP TEACHER ___________________________ SUPPLY OFFICER FLOW CHART IN RECEIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND MATERIALS IN THE SHOP CARPENTRY 16 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education CARPENTRY 17 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 2.1 Directions: Accomplish the requisition form. Use another sheet for this activity. Suggested Project: Bulletin Board DATE Balance on Requisition Materials and Unit Total Hand Quantity Unit Description price Fig.1. Receiving Procedure in Matrix Form Teacher examines and inspects the output by using the following scoring guide. Criteria for Rating 1. Accuracy 40% 2. Observance of the sequence of steps 30% 3. Readability of Information 20% 4. Neatness of work 10% 100% Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 18 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Information Sheet 2.1 REQUESTED MATERIALS AND TOOLS ACCORDING TO THE PREPARED LIST Bill of Materials A bill of materials is a list of all things needed in a project together with their description, sizes and amount or price. All information needed should be in the bill of materials. Parts of a Bill of Materials 1. Quantity tells the amount of materials to be purchased. 2. Unit gives the measure of materials to be purchased. 3. Description states the detailed name of materials. 4. Unit cost gives the price of each material. 5. Amount is the cost of all materials. Suggested Project: Bulletin Board Quantity Unit Materials and Unit price Total Description 1 Piece ¾ Plywood P 700.00 1 Liter Stain Maple P110.00 1 Kilo Finishing nail 11/2 P 30.00 1 Foot Sand Paper P 50.00 1 Liter QDE Boysen P 150.00 (Green) 1 Liter Thinner (Lacquer) P 80.00 1 Piece Paint brush 2 P 20.00 P1040.00 CARPENTRY 19 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 2.1 Directions: Complete the following bill of materials with the missing information based on the given project. Write your answer on a piece of paper. Given Project: Bulletin Board Quantity Unit Materials and Unit price Total Description 1 ¾ Plywood 1 Liter Stain Maple P110.00 Finishing nail P 11/2 Sand Paper P 50.00 QDE Boysen P (Green) Thinner Liter (Lacquer) 1 Paint brush 2 P 20.00 Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 20 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Receive and inspect materials PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Materials and tools are substituted and provided unavailable without sacrificing cost and quality of work.  Materials and tools as per quantity and specification based on requisition are received and inspected.  Tools and materials are checked for damage and manufacturing defects.  Materials and tools received are handled with appropriate safety devices.  Materials and tools are set aside to appropriate location nearest to the workplace. What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 3.1. Information Sheet 3.1 ACQUIRE AND INSPECT MATERIALS/TOOLS It is important to inspect and check materials and tools for defects and damage before receiving them so that you can ask for replacements for those that you found defective. 1. Check if the materials and tools are complete in terms of quantity and specification (number of pieces, length, width, etc.) 2. Check the physical condition of tools, (check tools against the specification, quantity, and quality,) see to it that parts are complete, cutting edges or tooth free from damages, 3. Check the accessories of each material and tool. See to it that nothing is missing. 4. If any of the materials or tools is found missing or defective, report it immediately to the supply officer or teacher. 5. Get a replacement for the materials and tools found defective. 6. Sign the requisition form as you receive materials and tools. CARPENTRY 21 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  7. Store the received materials and tools in a safe area or store room nearest your workplace. (store materials, in proper order, bulky and heavier materials at the bottom lighter and smaller items on top of the pile) 8. Always handle the materials and tools carefully. (avoid dropping the tools on the floor, do not expose tools and materials on sunlight or rains). How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 3.1 Directions: Check the materials and tools that are being received in the checklist. Put X if the materials and tools are not in good condition and check if in good condition. Remarks Tools and Materials GOOD REJECT 1. 1 piece ¾ plywood 2. 1 liter satin maple 3. 1 kilo finishing #1½ 4. 1 foot sand paper 5. 1 liter qde boysen (green) 6. 1 liter thinner (lacquer) 7. 1 piece paint brush Prepared by: ______________________________ Inspector Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 22 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck! REFERENCES LO1  References Tools/Equipment, etc. - They should conform to the Contextual learning Matrix (Refer to from the conditions of the Competency Based Curriculum) LO 2  References Tools/Equipment, etc. - They should conform to the Contextual learning Matrix (Refer to from the conditions of the Competency Based Curriculum) LO 3  References Tools/Equipment, etc. - They should conform to the Contextual learning Matrix (Refer to from the conditions of the Competency Based Curriculum) CARPENTRY 23 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LESSON 2 Maintain Tools and Equipment LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following: LO 1. check condition of tools and equipment LO 2. perform basic preventive maintenance; and LO 3. store tools and equipment. CARPENTRY 24 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Definition of Terms Finishing materials – chemical or substance applied in finishing carpentry Hardware – metal supplies used in furniture Inventory – the accounting of tools and materials Label – refers to the indicated name of tools and equipment Lubricants – oils or grease which is use to help the machine to run smoothly Mensuration – the act or art of measuring Perimeter – the bounding line or curve of a plain area Power tools – handy machines operated by current/electricity Scaler – marked for use in measurement Segregate – set aside things from the others Standard – serves as a measure of reference Stock – refers to a lumber for a certain carpentry job Store – to put tools and materials in their proper places Substrate – wood to be cut in a cutting machine CARPENTRY 25 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Check Condition of Tools and Equipment PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Tools and equipment are identified according to classification/specification and job requirements.  Non-functional tools and equipment are segregated and labeled according to classification.  Safety of tools and equipment are observed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.  Conditions of PPE are checked in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Materials / Resources  Lubricants  Paint Brush  Cloth  Smooth Sand Paper  Kerosene CARPENTRY 26 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about checking condition of tools and equipment. Take this test. Pretest LO 1 A. Classify the different types of tools and materials. 1. Claw hammer 2. Bar Clamp 3. Spoke Shave 4. Steel Square 5. Back Saw 6. Pull Push Rule 7. Compass 8. Triangular File 9. Varnish 10. Hinge B. Identify the different tools and materials that are described in each item. 1. Tool used for smoothing curve surfaces. 3. Tool used for drawing arcs and circles. 4. Tool used for testing the squareness of large stocks. 6. Tool used to hold bits when boring. 7. Materials used to lubricate movable parts. 9. Tool used to cut stock along the grain. 10. Tool used for sharpening saws. Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 27 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1. Information Sheet 1.1 CHECK CONDITION OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION OF HANDTOOLS A. Measuring tools 1. Pull-Push Rule - flexible tape that slides into a material case and it is used to measure irregular and regular shapes. 2. Ruler - 12-inch or one foot rule and it is used to take/make simple measurements. 3. Meter Stick - used to measure a work piece. 4. Try Square - squaring, measuring and testing tool used to check adjacent surfaces for squareness. 5. Caliper - used to transfer measurements from the rule to the work. B. MARKING LINING TOOLS 1. Pencil - used to layout or mark cutting lines. 2. Marking Gauge - wood or metal tool consisting of a beam, head and a point used to mark a line parallel to the grain of the wood. 3. Chalk Line - used to establish a straight line on a surface. 4. Divider - tool with two metal legs used to lay-out an arc circle or step off division on a line. 5. Compass - used to scribe arcs and circle in a metal wood. CARPENTRY 28 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  C. TESTING TOOLS 1. Try Square - tool used in squaring, measuring and testing the squareness of a wood. 2. Steel Square - framing square used to mark out the work for squaring and checking of angles and is used in the construction of roof framing and large furniture. 3. Spirit Level - tool used for testing vertical and horizontal surfaces. 4. Plumb bob - tool used to test the vertical and horizontal surfaces. D. EDGE CUTTING TOOLS 1. Chisel - tool used to trim and shape wood. 2. Plane - used to obtain a smooth and flat surface. 3. Spoke shave - small plane like tool from irregularly shaped objects. 4. Cabinet scraper - rectangular piece of steel with two cutting edges used for working flat and curved shapes. E. TOOTH-CUTTING TOOLS 1. Cross Cut Saw - handsaw used to cut the wood across the grain. 2. Rip-saw - hand saw used to cut the wood along the grain. 3. Back Saw - handsaw with a metal back and plywood and joinery. 4. Compass Saw - used to cut irregular shape either in large or small board. 5. Turning Saw - used to rip, cross and cut curves in lumber. 6. Coping Saw - u-shaped saw used for cutting irregular shape in small board. 7. Dovetail Saw - small back saw with a straight chisel type handle used to cut very fine joints. F. BORING TOOLS 1. Auger bit - tool used to make hole in woods. 2. Expansive bit - tool used to drill holes of various sizes in woods. 3. Drill Bit - tool used for boring holes either in metals, woods or plastics. G. HOLDING TOOLS 1. C-Clamp - used for holding together pieces of lumber while working. 2. Bench Vise - used to hold any materials or tools in place. CARPENTRY 29 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  3. Bar Clamp - used to hold large boards or frames together while assembling or gluing. H. MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS 1. Oil Stone - used for sharpening edge cutting tools such as chisel. 2. Files - used to smoothen metal and wood surfaces. 3. Paint Brush - used to apply paint or varnish on wood surfaces 4. Nail Set - used to drive the head of nails lower than surface of wood. 5. Saw Set - used to bend the upper half of each tooth to one side or the other to form a set. I. PORTABLE POWERTOOLS 1. Sander - portable power tool used for sanding furniture pieces. 2. Router - used for shaping surfaces and edges of furniture parts. 3. Jigsaw - power tool used primarily for cutting curved or irregular shapes of wood surfaces. 4. Circular saw - power saw used for many types of cutting, particularly on large panel stock. 5. Electric Drill - power drill which is used to drill holes in various materials to perform a multitude of tasks. J. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) 1. Goggles - used to protect the eyes against flying debris and harmful liquids. 2. Ear Protector - used to protect the ears against high frequency noise. 3. Face Mask - used to prevent the inhalation of sprayed paint fumes. 4. Gloves - used to protect the hands while working. 5. Apron - used to protect the worker against flying debris. K. DRIVING TOOLS 1. Claw Hammer - used to drive and pull out nails on wooden surfaces. 2. Mallet - made out of wood or rubber used to drive other tools like chisel. 3. Nail Set - used in setting the head of a finishing nail below the surface of the wood. 4. Screw Driver - used to drive and loose screws. CARPENTRY 30 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.1 A. Classify the different types of tools. 1. Claw hammer 2. Bar Clamp 3. Spoke Shave 4. Steel Square 5. Back Saw 6. Pull Push Rule 7. Compass 8. Triangular File 9. Varnish 10. Hinge B. Identify the different tools that are described in each item. 1. Tool used for smoothing curve surfaces. 2. Finishing materials used to seal the pores of wood. 3. Tool used for drawing arcs and circles. 4. Tool used for testing the squareness of large stocks. 5. Tool used to hold bits when boring. 6. Finishing material which makes wood shiny. 7. Tool used to cut stock along the grain. 8. Tool used for sharpening saws. Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 31 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Do You Apply What You Have Learned? Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Operation Sheet 1.1 Procedure in segregating and Labeling Non-functional Tools and Equipment 1. Conduct an inventory of tools and equipment. 2. Record the number of non-functional tools and equipment. 3. Segregate tools that are serviceable or unserviceable. 4. Report the number of tools and equipment that are non-functional but subject for repair. 5. Label tools and equipment which are condemnable. 6. Return tools and equipment in the tool cabinet as per operating procedures. Operation Sheet 1.2 Procedure in Checking Condition of Personal Protective Equipment 1. Inspect any damaged or defective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 2. Test the functionality of each PPE. 3. Separate the non-functional and functional PPE. 4. Repair/replace the non-functional PPE. 5. Report the condition or status of PPE. CARPENTRY 32 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Well Did You Perform? Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake! Teacher’s Checklist Procedure in segregating and Labeling Non-functional Tools and Equipment Performed Not Performed 1. Conducted inventory of tools and equipment 2. Recorded non-functional tools and equipment 3. Segregated non-functional tools and equipment 4. Reported non-functional tools and equipment 5. Labeled condemnable tools and equipment 6. Returned tools and equipment in the cabinet. Scoring Rubric Steps Performed Weight 6- Very Satisfactory 5- Satisfactory 4- Needs Improvement 3-Failed CARPENTRY 33 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Procedure in Checking Condition of Personal Protective Equipment Directions: Perform the following steps in checking the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Performed Not Performed 1. Inspected any damaged or defects of the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 2. Tested the functionality of each Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 3. Separated the non-functional and functional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 4. Repaired/replaced the non-functional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 5. Reported the condition or status of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Scoring Rubric Steps Performed Weight 6- Very Satisfactory 5- Satisfactory 4- Needs Improvement 3-Failed CARPENTRY 34 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Perform basic preventive maintenance PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Lubricants are identified according to types of equipment.  Tools and equipment are lubricated according to preventive maintenance schedule or manufacturer’s specification.  Measuring instruments are checked and calibrated in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.  Tools are cleaned and lubricated according to standard procedures.  Defective equipment and tools are inspected and replaced according to manufacturer’s specification  Workplace is cleaned and kept in safe state in line with OSHC regulations What Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 2.1. Information Sheet 2.1 LUBRICATING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 1. Read and analyze the use of preventive Maintenance Schedule form. 2. Determine the types of tools and machine needed to be lubricated. 3. Fill out a requisition slip form in releasing the lubricants needed. 4. Secure a borrower’s slip from your teacher. 5. Fill out the slip form correctly intended for the needed tools. 6. Perform the task according to the prescribed schedule and the assigned machine. 7. Perform lubricating procedure. 8. Determine the parts of the machine needed to be lubricated. 9. Apply thin coat of oil on the parts for a long period of time. 10. Open the bearing cover and apply grease. 11. Apply grease on sealed bearing with the use of a grease gun. CARPENTRY 35 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? 7. Self-Check 2.1 8. Directions: Copy the table on a separate sheet of paper then check the appropriate box whether you performed each indicator. INDICATORS YES NO 1. Utilized the Preventive Maintenance Schedule. 2. Determined the types of tools and machine needed to be lubricated. 3. Filled out the requisition slip form in releasing the lubricants needed. 4. Secured the borrower’s slip from your teacher? 5. Filled out the slip form correctly intended for the needed tools. 6. Performed the task according to the prescribed schedule and the assigned machine. 7. Performed the lubricating procedures. 8. Determined the parts of the machine needed to be lubricated. 9. Applied the thin coat of oil on the parts that are used for a long period of time. 10. Applied the grease on sealed bearing with the use of a grease gun. CARPENTRY 36 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  9. Self-Check 2.2 10. Directions: Copy the table on a separate sheet of paper then check the appropriate box whether you performed each indicator. Indicators Yes No 1. Secured the inspection report from the teacher. 2. Determined defective instruments. 3. Inspected the defective tools. 4. Replaced the defective tools. 5. Used the Repair manual as guide in replacing defects. Self-Check 2.3 Directions: Copy the table on a separate sheet of paper then check the appropriate box whether you performed each indicator. Indicators Yes No 1. Secured the inspection report from the teacher. 2. Determined defective instruments. 3. Inspected the defective tools inspected. 4. Replaced the defective tools. 5. Used the Repair manual as guide in replacing defects. Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 37 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Do You Apply What You Have Learned? Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Operation Sheet 2.1 Steps in Filling Out Inspection Report Form Directions: Do the following procedure. 1. Secure an inspection report form from your teacher. 2. Determine the defective instrument based on the report form. 3. Replace inspected tool and equipment defects based on the report form. 4. Use the Repair Manual in replacing the defective parts. How Well Did You Perform? Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake! SCORING GUIDE 7-8 Very Satisfactory 5-6 Satisfactory 4-3 Fair 1-2 Failed CARPENTRY 38 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Do You Extend Your Learning? Assignment Sheet 2.1 Directions: Practice regular maintenance of tools and equipment in the shop and at home using the required inspection report. Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck! REFERENCES LO1  References Tools/Equipment, etc. - They should conform to the Contextual learning Matrix (Refer to from the conditions of the Competency Based Curriculum) LO 2  References Tools/Equipment, etc. - They should conform to the Contextual learning Matrix (Refer to from the conditions of the Competency Based Curriculum) CARPENTRY 39 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LESSON 3 Perform Mensuration and Calculation LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following: LO 1. select measuring instruments; and LO 2. carry out measurement and calculations. CARPENTRY 40 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Definition of Terms Area – extent of part of a surface enclosed within a boundary Calculation – the act or process of or result of calculating Circumference – distance around the circle Classification – group or category within an organized system Decimal – number expressed in a counting system that uses units of 10, especially a decimal fraction Dimension – measurable extent such as length, thickness and width Fraction – number expressed as a quotient of two other numbers Fraction – number expressed as a quotient of two other numbers Geometric Shapes – characterized by straight line, regular curves and angles Graduation – scale of a measuring tool Mensuration – act or art of measuring Perimeter – bounding line or curve of a plain area Standard – serves as a measure of reference Stock – refers to a lumber for a certain furniture job Substrate – wood to be cut in a cutting machine Volume – space inside a solid figure CARPENTRY 41 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Select measuring instruments PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Measuring tools are selected/identified as per object to be measured or job requirements.  Correct specifications are obtained from relevant sources.  Measuring instruments are selected according to job requirements.  Alternative measuring tools are used without sacrificing cost and quality of work.  Measurements are obtained according to job requirements Materials / Resources  Actual Objects to be measured  Actual Measuring Tools What Do You Already Know? Pretest LO 1 Let us determine how much you already know about selecting measuring instruments. Take this test. Directions: Identify the different measuring tools CARPENTRY 42 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 43 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1. Information Sheet 1.1 TYPES OF MEASURING TOOLS 1. Pull-push rule – used for measuring long pieces of stock. 2. Zig Zag Rule – a folded measuring tool. 3. Ruler – used for measuring short pieces of stock. CARPENTRY 44 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  4. Caliper – used for measuring diameter. 5. Try Square – used for checking flatness and squareness. 6. Meter Stick – a measuring device which is one (1) meter in length. 7. Divider – used for dividing distances. 8. Compass – used for scribing arcs and circles. CARPENTRY 45 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  9. Protractor – used for laying out angles. HANDLING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS / TOOLS A. DO’S 1. Wipe measuring tools/instruments before returning them to the storage room. 2. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers, dividers and compasses to avoid stock-up. 3. Make sure that grits like sand do not get inside the housing or case of a pull-push rule to avoid wearing off of the graduations. 4. Check the lock of a pull-push rule if it is working. B. DON’T’S 1. Do not wipe off edges of the steel tape of pull-push rule with bare hands to avoid injury. 2. Do not pull the steel tape of pull-push rule too much to avoid the coil spring from damage. 3. Do not use the caliper as tongs. LINEAR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE 6 FACES OF LUMBER A lumber has 6 faces: 2 ends, 2 edges and 2 surfaces CARPENTRY 46 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education Hence; the linear measurements obtained are: 1. End 1 to end 2 or A B = Length (L ) 2. Edge 1 to Edge 2 or C D = Width ( W ) 3. Surface 1 to surface 2 or E F = Thickness / Height ( T / H ) How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.1 I. List down nine measuring tools on your quiz notebook. 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ______________________ 4. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 8. ______________________ 9. ______________________ II. List down some DO’s and DON’T’s in handling measuring instrument/ tools A. DO’S 1. 2. 3. 4. B. DON’T’S 1. 2. 3. CARPENTRY 47 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  III. Enumerate the 6 faces of a lumber and the 3 linear measurements obtained. A. 6 Faces of A lumber 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. B. 3 Linear measurements obtain from the 6 faces of a lumber 1. 2. 3. Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 48 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Carry out measurement and calculations PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Accurate measurements are obtained according to job requirements.  Work pieces are measured according to job requirements Materials / Resources  Actual Objects to be measured  Measuring tools  Record Book  Pencil What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about carrying out measurement and calculations. Take this test. Pretest LO 2 Directions: Enumerate the following 1-2 – What are the 2 systems of measurements? 3-5 - Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the English system. 6-9 – Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the Metric System. Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 49 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Information Sheet 2.1 SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENTS The two (2) systems of measurements are: the English and the Metric System. The English system originated in England also known as the U.S. customary system of measurement while the Metric System was developed in France and also known as the S. I. (International Standard). I. (UNIT OF MEASURES) - LINEAR MEASUREMENT ENGLISH METRIC Yard ( yd ) meter Foot ( ft ) / („ ) decimeter 1/10 meter Inch (in. ) / (“ ) centimeter 1/ 100 meter millimeter 1 /1000 meter II. READING OF MEASUREMENTS A. Reading the inch The inch is divided into segments called graduations. Each graduation represents a measurement in form of a proper fraction. The inch can be divided into 16, 8, 4 and 2, equal parts. Note: The illustration is not the actual lengh of an inch. CARPENTRY 50 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  B. Reading the centimeter and milimeter III. CONVERTING FRACTION TO DECIMAL In converting fractions to decimals, divide the numerator by its denominator whether it is proper, improper or mixed fraction. Sample Solutions: A. Proper fraction 2/5 = 0.4 B. Improper fraction 11/3 = 3.66 C. Mixed fraction 2 ½ = 2.5 CARPENTRY 51 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education IV. CONVERTING UNITS OF MEASURE GUIDE TABLE IN UNIT CONVERSION English to English 1foot = 12 inches Metric to Metric 1 meter = 10 decimeter 1 dm = 10 centimeter English to Metric 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 inch = 25.4 mm 1 foot = 30.48 cm Metric to English 1 meter = 3.28 feet 1 meter = 39.37 inches Sample Solutions in Conversion A. Foot to inches 3 ft = _________ inches Solution: Multiply 3ft by 12 inches / ft = 36 inches B. Inch to feet 48 inches = ________ Feet Solution: Divide 48 inches by 12 inches / feet = 4feet C. Centimeter to millimeter 22 cm = ________ millimeters Solution: Multiply 22 cm by 10 mm / cm = 220mm D. Inch to centimeter 6 inches = _______ centimeter Solution: Multiply 6 inches by 2.54 cm / inch = 15.24 cm CARPENTRY 52 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education V. TAKING DIMENSIONS Ways of taking dimension 1 Measure end to end of stock with a tool 2 Measure edge to edge with a tool 3 Measure outside diameter of a cylindrical object using a caliper CARPENTRY 53 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education 4 Measure inside diameter with a caliper 5 Lay-out width CALCULATING BOARDFOOT OF LUMBER Although the International System (SI) or Metric System had already superseded the English System of measure, the board foot as a unit of measure for determining the volume of lumber is still being used by the furniture & cabinet maker and construction industry. This is because lumbers are sold in terms of board foot. A board foot is actually one square foot of lumber of one inch thick CARPENTRY 54 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education The formula used in computing board foot is: Board foot (Bd. Ft.) = T x W x L 12 Where: T = Thickness in inches W= Width in inches L = Length in feet Note: This formula is being used for sawed wood of commercial dimension. Example: Compute the board foot of lumber whose dimension is 2” x 4 “x 12” Steps 1. Identify the given data Given. T = 2” W = 4” L = 12‟ Step 2. Determine what is being asked Find the Bd. Ft. = ? Step 3. State the formula Formula: Bd. Ft. = T x W x L 12 Step 4. Substitute the given data in the formula, then solve. Solution: Bd. Ft. = T x W x L 12 = 2” x 4” x 12 “ 12 = 96/12 = 8 Bd. Ft. CARPENTRY 55 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 2.1 I. Enumerate the following. 1-2 – What are the two 2 systems of measurements 3-5 - Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the English system 6-9 – Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the Metric System II. Read the following measurements. 1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________ 6. ___________ cm 7. ___________ mm 8. ___________ mm 9. ___________ mm 10. ___________ cm III. Convert the following fractions to decimals. 1. 1/4 2. 3/4 3. 5/8 4. 7/8 5. 9/16 6. 11/5 7. 13/4 8. 9/5 9. 6 3/5 10. 3 2/3 CARPENTRY 56 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  IV. Convert the following measurement to their unit equivalents. 1. 4 meters = ____________ cm. 2. 4 meters = ____________ ft. 3. 8 feet = _______________ inches 4. 20 inches = __________ cm 5. 236.22 inches = _______meters V. Identify the different ways of taking dimensions. Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 57 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Do You Apply What You Have Learned? Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Operation Sheet 2.1 Directions: Compute the number of board feet of lumber with the following dimensions. 1. 2” x 6” x 12‟ 2. 3” x 4” x 10‟ 3. 2” x 2” x 16‟ 4. 2” x 12” x 8” 5. 4” x 4” x 18” How Well Did You Perform? Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake! Proceed to the next lesson f your score in the test is 35 and above. How Do You Extend Your Learning? Assignment Sheet 1.1  Practice accurate measuring practices in every carpentry works.  Apply consciousness and proper computations in every carpentry requirement. CARPENTRY 58 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck! REFERENCES LO1  Barba, Joshua A., Carpentry, ConvergeLink Books Corp., Philippines, 2006.  Better Homes and Gardens FCM, Meredith Books Desmoines, Iowa, 2003 LO 2  John L. Feirer, Cabinet Making and Millwork, Second Edition  B. Fred W. Zimmerman and Larry J. Mc Ward, Exploring Woodworking, Fundamentals of Technology  Tomas M. Quilang, Handicrafts Handbook, 1975  Reader’s Digest Book of Skills and Tools  Gilbert Hutching, Eugene Martin and Mario Coleman, Working with Wood, 1982,  John L. Feirer, Wood Technology and Processes,  Gregorio T. Amano, Fundamental Woodworking, 1976, CARPENTRY 59 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LESSON 4 Interpret Drawings and Plans LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following: LO 1. analyze signs, symbols and data; LO 2. interpret technical drawings and plans; and LO 3. apply freehand sketching. CARPENTRY 60 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Definition of Terms Axis – line about which a body turns or rotates Design – drawing showing the plan, elevations, sections, and other features. Detail drawing – separate drawing showing a small part of a machine or structure Dimension – definite measure shown on a drawing in detail Isometric Drawing – drawing which resembles a respective drawing Orthographic Projection – arrangement in a drawing of the three principal views of an object Perspective Drawing – the representation of an object on a plan surface, pertaining to materials, styles and finish presented as to have the same appearances as when seen from a particular viewpoint Projections – the cutting out of any part or any member of a structure Reduced – made smaller than the actual size as in the size of object Scaled Drawing – drawing plan made according to a scale, smaller than the actual work Sketch – freehand drawing of an object Specification – written instruction to the worker containing all the information. CARPENTRY 61 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Analyze signs, symbols and data PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Sign, symbols, and data are identified according to job specifications.  Sign, symbols, and data are determined according to classification or as appropriate in drawing. Materials 1. Drawing Paper 3. Plans 2. Pencil 4. Drawing Instruments What Do You Already Know? Pretest LO 1 Let us determine how much you already know about analyzing signs, symbols and data. Take this test. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Column A Column B 1. Very light line used to “block in” an object. These lines are a. Long break line made so light that little or no erasing is needed. They serve as base for darkening in the permanent line 2. Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing b. Dimension line 3. A medium line used to show edges and contours visible to c. Centerline the eye 4. A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible d. Invisible line to the eye 5. A light line used as axis of symmetry e. Visible line 6. Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object. f. Borderline Extension lights start about 1/16” from visible or object line. The dimension line is broken near the center for the dimension. 7. Wavy line draws freehand for the same purpose as long g. Construction break. line Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 62 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1. Information Sheet 1.1 DRAWING SIGNS AND SYMBOLS Alphabet of Lines In sketching orthographic drawing, certain conventional lines are used for a definite purpose. These lines are commonly called Alphabet of Lines. CARPENTRY 63 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education USES OF ALPHABET OF LINES Construction line Very light line used to “block in” an object. These lines are made so light that little or no erasing is needed. They serve as base for darkening in the permanent line Borderline Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing Visible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible to the eye. Invisible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible to the eye. Centerline A light line used as axis of symmetry. Used for center of circle and arcs. Sometimes the symbol is shown Dimension line Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object. Extension lights start about 1/16” from visible or object line. The dimension line is broken near the center for the dimension. Long break line Heavy line draws freehand for same purpose as long break. CARPENTRY 64 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.1 Directions: Enumerate the different kinds of lines. 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________ 3. __________________________________ 4. __________________________________ 5. __________________________________ 6. __________________________________ 7. __________________________________ 8. __________________________________ 9. __________________________________ 10. __________________________________ Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? How Do You Apply What You Have Learned? Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Operation Sheet 1.1 Directions: Identify the kinds of line used in any drawing in carpentry. CARPENTRY 65 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Interpret technical drawings and plans PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Necessary tools, materials and equipment are identified according to the plan.  Components, assemblies or object are recognized as per job requirement.  Dimensions and specification are identified according to job requirements. Materials  Drawing Paper  Pencil  Plans  Drawing Instruments What Do You Already Know? Pretest LO 2 Directions: Identify the different tools and materials in carpentry. 1. __________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________ 6. __________________________________________________ 7. __________________________________________________ 8. __________________________________________________ 9. __________________________________________________ 10. __________________________________________________ Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 66 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.1. Information Sheet 2.1 CENTER TABLE COMPONENTS Legs – 4 pcs. 45 mm x 45mm x500 mm wood (tanguile) Rails – (short) 2 pieces 25 mmx70 mm x 600 mm Rails – (long) 2 pieces 25 mm x 70mm x 800 mm Top – 1pcs 25mmx600 x 800mm plywood/ plyboard Assemblies Joints  Mortise and tendon joint – for the rails and legs (see details on the attached working drawing) Dimensions and specification (See dimensions and specifications on the attached working drawing) 1. Legs must be tapered. 2. All joints must be filled with glue. 3. All wood used must be tanguile. 4. All dimensions must be in millimeters. IDENTIFYING TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT CARPENTRY 67 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 2.1 Directions: Answer the following questions about constructing a center table. A. What are the different components of the center table based on the working drawing? 1. 2. 3. 4. B. What are the specified joints used in joining the legs and rails of the center table? 1. 2. C. List down different specifications on the construction of the center table. 1. 2. 3. 4. Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 68 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Apply freehand sketching PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Correct freehand sketching is produced in accordance with the job requirements. What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about applying freehand sketching. Take this test. Pretest LO 3 Directions: Do the Orthographic Drawing of the Given Isometric Figure. Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 69 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 3.1. Information Sheet 3.1 STEPS IN SKETCHING AN ISOMETRIC BOX 1. Draw a vertical axis. 2. Draw left and right axis. 3. Determine the width and length of the box and then draw a vertical line CARPENTRY 70 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education 4. Draw a left and right axis to the determined height of the box. 5. Project a line parallel to the left and right axis 6. Label the box to determine the top, front and the right side view CARPENTRY 71 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education STEPS IN SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING 1. Study the object to be drawn (See isometric drawing on operation sheet (3-1) 2. Draw the top view, front view and the right side view 3. Draw a simple drawing using block as model. Try to study the given view. SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING CARPENTRY 72 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education STEPS IN SKETCHING ISOMETRIC DRAWING OF A GIVEN ORTHOGRAPHIC FIGURE 1. Study the object to be drawn (see orthographic drawing). 2. Draw the isometric drawing. 3. Lay out the front view. 4. Sketch the top view and side view. 5. Finalize the object to complete the drawing. CARPENTRY 73 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.1 I. Sketch an isometric box. II. Do the Orthographic Drawing of the given Isometric Figure. III. Draw the Isometric of the given 3 main views. CARPENTRY 74 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Do You Apply What You Have Learned? Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Operation Sheet 1.1 Directions: Draw the center table using the following measurements:  1 m. long  500mm wide  600mm high Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck! REFERENCES LO1  Barba, Joshua A., Plumbing, CoverLink Books Corp., Philippines, 2006.  Better Homes and Gardens Plumbing, Meridith Books Desmoines, lowa, 2003. LO 2  German Manaois, Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing 1983.  Norman Stirling Introduction to technical Drawing 1977. LO 3  Giesecke, Mitchelle and Spencer: Technical Drawing, The Macmilan Edition, 1949.  French and Vierck Engineering Drawing: Mac Graw, Hillbook Company, 10th edition 1960. CARPENTRY 75 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LESSON 5 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following: LO 1. identify hazards and risks; LO2. evaluate hazards and risks; LO3. control hazards and risks; and LO4. maintain occupational health and safety awareness. CARPENTRY 76 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Definition of Terms Accident – is an event occurring unintentionally or by chance Control – means to direct or determine First Aid – as it implies includes all forms of remedies given immediately to humans in order to minimize or prevent casualties or fatalities caused by accidents or normal course of time Hazard – involves unforeseen incident that is physically unfavorable to humans or animals Occupation – is an activity in which one is engaged in Safety – state of being out of danger, uninjured, not involving risk Sanitize – to maintain high standard of housekeeping Self-Discipline – refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered Signs – generally refer to objects made by flat sheet metal or wood suspended by a stand or nailed on the post or wall which are located strategically Sort – to take out unnecessary items and dispose the same Sweep – means to clean the workshop Symbols – are generally common illustrations printed on the signs which sometimes carry a descriptive word or few words Systematize – means to arrange necessary items in good order for use Toxic – deadly, harmful and poisonous Acronyms OHSP – Occupational Health and Safety Procedures PPE – Personal Protective Equipment CARPENTRY 77 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Identify hazards and risks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices and procedures are clarified and explained based on organization procedures  Hazards/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and environment in accordance with organization procedures  Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with organization procedures Materials / Resources 1. Mask 2. Gloves 3. Goggles 4. Hair Net/cap/bonnet 5. Face mask/shield 6. Ear muffs 7. Apron/Gown/coverall/jumpsuit 8. Anti-static suits CARPENTRY 78 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about identifying hazards and risks. Take this test. Pretest LO 1 Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet. 1. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere. A. sort C. sweep B. systematize D. sanitize 2. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to put where taking into account the flow of your work? A. sort C. sweep B. systematize D. sanitize 3. It ensures the safety of the construction workers. A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs 4. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists? A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs 5. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipment, etc? A. danger Signs C. traffic signs B. accidental Prevention Tags D. directional signs Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 79 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1. Information Sheet 1.1 HAZARDS AND RISKS IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards  Survey the workplace to identify hazards  This survey must be in writing and must be available to all workers  Determine whether any hazard requires Personal Protective Equipment  Pay special attention to working conditions or process that can produce hazards.  Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is installed to avoid accidents.  Any reassessment must be written and must be available to workers upon request. WORKING CONDITIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE HAZARDS 1. Falling objects 2. Objects that can puncture skin 3. Objects that could roll over worker’s feet 4. Toxic chemicals 5. Heat 6. Harmful Dust 7. Radiation Signs, Signals and Barricades  Signs, signals and barricades are important, if not critical, to the safety of the construction workers. Accident Prevention Signs and Tags 1. General. Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when work is being performed, and shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard does not exist anymore. 2. Danger Signs. Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists. CARPENTRY 80 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  Danger signs should be read as the predominating color for the upper panel; outline on the borders; and a white lower panel for additional sign wording. 3. Caution Signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against practices. Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel and borders; yellow lettering of “caution” on the black panel; and the lower yellow panel for the additional sign wording. Black lettering shall be used for additional wording. Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and the panel, black with yellow letters. Any letter used against the yellow background shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples. CARPENTRY 81 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  4. Exit Signs. Exit signs, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6 inches high, on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at least three-fourths in width. 5. Safety Instructions Signs. Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green upper panel with white letters to convey the principal message. Any additional wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background. 6. Directional Signs. Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified in the paragraph below, shall be white with a black panel and white directional symbol. Any wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background. CARPENTRY 82 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  7. Traffic Signs. Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point hazard. All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of construction workers shall conform to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. 8. Accidental Prevention Tags. Accident prevention tags shall be used as temporary means of warning of an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipments, etc. They shall not be used in place of, or as a substitute for, accident prevention signs. Specifications for accident prevention tags similar as shown below shall apply. CARPENTRY 83 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.1 A. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet. 1. Your employer must conduct a hazard assessment in order to ___________. A. avoid accident B. promote accident C. eliminate workers D. None of the above 2. OSH means _______________. A. Occupational Service Healthy B. Occupational Safe and Healthy C. Occupational Safety and Health D. None of the above 3. Identifying hazards makes you_________________. A. safe from working B. comfortable while working C. work efficient D. all of the above 4. Who should first know about the accident that happened in your shop? A. principal B. nurse C. teacher D. doctor 5. Accidents can be prevented ____________________. A. through proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment B. right attitude toward work C. if you have a good knowledge about safety practices D. None of the above B. Draw the following signs correctly. 1. Stop 2. Danger 3. Poisonous 4. Slippery when wet 5. Up Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 84 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Control hazards and risks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS  OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk are strictly followed.  Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and emergencies are followed in accordance with the organization’s OHS policies.  Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctly used in accordance with organization’s OHS procedures and practices.  Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of workplace emergencies are identified in line with the established organizational protocol. Materials  OHS Manuals  Personal Protective Equipment  Chart/pictures What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about evaluating hazards and risks. Take this test. SS Pretest LO 2 Directions: Identify the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 1. CARPENTRY 85 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education 2. 3. 5. 6. Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 86 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? One way of controlling hazards and risks in the workplace is to use the proper protective equipment applicable to the work condition. Information Sheet 2.1 Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check. Signs and their location: 1. Danger Signs – are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are printed in red as the predominating color. 2. Caution Signs – are used to warn against potential hazards. 3. Exit Signs – are printed in legible red letters for exits. 4. Safety Instructions Signs 5. Accidental Prevention Tags – are used as temporary means of warning to existing hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment. 6. Barricades – are used for protection of employees. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Here are the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use for safety purposes: A. Face protection Goggles and face protection must be used when at risk from flying particles, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids and chemical gases. There are various goggles for face protection with certain design criteria for safety. CARPENTRY 87 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education B. Foot Protection Safety shoes with impact protection are used in work areas where heavy objects or tools could be accidentally dropped on the feet. Safety shoes with puncture protection are required when working around nails, wire tacks, scrap metals and other objects that could fierce the feet. C. Hand Protection Gloves are required to protect your hands from cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns, chemical absorption, and exhaust temperatures. It is crucial that the type of glove being used is the right one for the job. D. Hearing Protection Appropriate ear muffs or ear plugs must be made available as a last resort if it is not possible to make the workplace less noisy. The requirement is a small part of the occupational noise exposure standard which requires employers to ensure that workers are exposed to less than 90 decibels of noise over an 8 hour period. E. Respirators Appropriate respirators must be worn as a last resort if it is not possible CARPENTRY 88 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 2.1 A. Define and describe the following: a. Danger Signs - _____________________________________ b. Caution Signs -_____________________________________ c. Exit Signs - ________________________________________ d. Accidental Prevention Tags - __________________________ e. Barricades - _______________________________________ B. Give an example for each and give its use and importance. 1. Respirators 2. Foot Protection 3. Hand Protection 4. Hearing Protection 5. Face Protection Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? CARPENTRY 89 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about control hazards and risks. Take this test. Pretest LO 2 SS Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Answer Sheet. 1. Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done_______. A. during working hours B. after working hours C. before working hours D. all of the above 2. Observing good housekeeping ________________. A. prevents fire B. makes for easy location of tool and materials needed C. both a and b D. none of the above 3. In dealing with accidents, the first thing to do is to_________________. A. stay calm and study the situation B. apply first aid C. call the attention of your teacher D. all of the above 4. Accidents can be prevented _____________. A. thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment B. right attitude towards works C. if you have enough knowledge about safety practices D. all of the above 5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated? A. After class hours B. Immediately C. Both a and b D. Later Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity / ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. CARPENTRY 90 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  What Do You Need To Know? Read Information Sheet 2.2 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.2. Information Sheet 2.2 Topic 1: Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) Procedures for controlling hazards and risks. 1. Conduct a hazard assessment like  Survey workplace to identify hazards (put them in writing)  Determine whether any hazard required Personal Protective Equipment.  Pay attention to working conditions that can produce hazards  Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is installed 2. Select appropriate equipment. Ensure that all Personal Protective Equipment used is the right kind of equipment for the job, and is maintained properly 3. Have knowledge on the following:  Which PPE is necessary  How to identify if it fits properly  How to put on, remove, adjust and wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)  How to dispose of Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)  The limitation of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Topic 2: Procedure in dealing with workplace, accidents, fire and Emergencies. A. Dealing with Accidents 1. Keep calm, don’t panic and study the situation. 2. Report immediately to your teacher 3. Apply first aid to the victim while waiting for a nurse or a physician 4. Bring the patient to the nearest clinic or hospital B. Dealing with Fire 1. Do not panic, stay calm. 2. Call the attention of everybody. 3. Use your firefighting equipment to control extinguish the fire. 4. Call the office or the fire station C. Dealing with Emergencies 1. Stay calm and study the situation. 2. Call the attention of your teacher. CARPENTRY 91 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education  How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 2.2 Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Answer Sheet. 1. Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done_______. A. during working hours B. after working hours C. before working hours D. all of the above 2. Observing good housekeeping ________________. A. prevents fire B. makes for easy location of tool and materials needed C. both a and b D. none of the above 3. In dealing with accidents , the first thing to do is to_________________. A. stay calm and study the situation B. apply first aid C. call the attention of your teacher D. all of the above 4. Accidents can be prevented _____________. A. thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment B. right attitude towards works C. if you have enough knowledge about safety practices D. all of the above 5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated? A. after class hours B. immediately C. both a and b D. later Refer to the Answer Key. What is you