Black American Criticism of Non-Violent Protest PDF

Starter: ‘We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.’ What contextua...

Starter: ‘We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.’ What contextual What is the What can you knowledge do message of infer from this you already this quote? quote? have about this quote? Contextual The message What I can knowledge I of this quote infer from this already have is… quote is… about this quote is… Key Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and LQ: Why did some Black Americans criticize non- violent protest? Learning Objectives: To describe the term ‘Black Power as used in the struggle to achieve civil rights To identify and summarise the reasons Key Words Black power why there was criticism The Black Panthers Party The Nation of Islam about non-violent protests. The Civil Rights Act 1964 The Voting Rights Act 1965 Malcom X President Lyndon Baines Johnson Outlaw Unconstitutional To evaluate the progress that had been made in Key Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and  Why did some Black Americans criticize non-violent protest? Not all black Americans supported the civil rights movement and its non- violent approach. Mid-60s’ violent riots in many cities. Large areas in Newark and Detroit were looted and burnt. A lot of the casualties from these riots were black Americans. A government report concluded that ‘White racism’ was chiefly responsible for the explosion of rage. Many believed that progress in achieving civil rights was too slow and non-violence as a tactic had failed. Therefore, violence against white people was an acceptable tactic. Some groups believed that Black people should work for complete separation from white people. They argued that discrimination would Keynot stop with Concept: the end Change of Context: Fairness and Global  The Nation of Islam (NOI) and Malcolm X A key figure in the Nation of Islam was Malcolm X. The Nation of Islam openly supported separatism. Many members rejected their slave surnames and substituted it with an X. Malcolm X was a brilliant speaker and organiser. Malcolm helped raise the profile of The Nation of Islam and increase it membership. between the early 1950s and early 1960s (from 500 to 25,000 by one estimate; from 1,200 to 50,000 or 75,000 by another). However, in 1964, following a visit to Mecca, Malcom X began to change his views. Malcolm believed that white people could help black people fight for equality. As a result, Malcolm X left NOI with a Keygroup Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and of followers.  What was meant by Black Power?  The term Black power was first used by Stokely Carmichael.  Carmichael was the leader of the SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) (supported the sit ins) which became more radical following Carmichael’s election as chairman.  The Nation of Islam, CORE, and the Black Panthers, all supported the idea of increasing the power of black people in American life.  This meant black people taking responsibility for their own lives and rejecting white help (SNCC and CORE both expelled white Keymembers Concept: in Change 1966). Global Context: Fairness and  What was meant by Black Power? Black Power meant… The term Black Power started to be used by… in… Some of the approaches (min. 3) suggested by supporters of Black Power that would be used to fight discrimination were... Why was there confusion about what exactly the term meant to people? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OE6oS_3HSlM Key Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and  What happened to the Black Power movement?  The Black Power Movement had declined in influence by the end of the 1960’s.  Martin Luther King Jnr, continued to campaign on a range of issues, including living conditions, wages and job opportunities.  Martin Luther King Jnr continued with his ideas of non-violent and working with all races – poor white Americans and Hispanics as well as Black people.  King also opposed the Vietnam war.  King focused on the fact that more black people than white people ended up fighting and dying for the cause of stopping Communism while their own fight for equality was not yet over in America itself.  King also pointed out that large sums of money were being spent in Vietnam when there was so much poverty in the US.  King gained many enemies and these increased with his attack on the Vietnam War.  Concept: Key King was assassinated in Memphis, Change Global Context:Tennessee, in April 1968, Fairness and  The Black Panthers (BPP) The people who founded the Black Panther party were… They were inspired by… Three issues the Black Panthers were protecting black people against were… Explain at least three achievements of the Black Panthers party. Why do you think sometimes the story of the Black Panthers is only focused on them using arms (weapons) to defend themselves? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UBOl5Yq-ms Key Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and  The Black Panthers (BPP) By 1982, the Black Panthers disbanded following internal divisions, an FBI campaign that lost the BPP support and money being spent on legal fees rather than survival programmes. Key Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and  How was the idea of Black Power used to promote the rights of African Americans? Key Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and The 1968 Olympics Black Power salute was an the three men went to the act of protest by the African-American athletes podium for their medals. The Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their two U.S. athletes received their medal ceremony at the 1968 Summer Olympics medals shoeless, but wearing in Mexico City. black socks, to represent black poverty. When "The Star-Spangled Banner" played, Smith and Smith wore a black scarf around his neck Carlos gave the salute to represent black pride, Carlos had his wearing black gloves with tracksuit top unzipped to show solidarity their heads bowed. Norman with all blue-collar workers in the US and (Australian) wore a OPHR wore a necklace of beads which he (Olympic Project for Human described "were for those individuals that Rights) badge on his were lynched, or killed and that no-one tracksuit in support. said a prayer for, that were hung and tarred. It was for those thrown off the side of the boats in the Middle Passage. International Olympic Committee (IOC) As they left the podium they were booed said the salute was a political gesture by the crowd. Smith later said, "If I win, I that was inappropriate for the Olympic am American, not a black American. But if Games where there was supposed to I did something bad, then they would say I be no politics. am a Negro. We are black and we are proud of being black. Black America will What factors were important to the progress made in Civil Rights? What was the contribution of Different Strategies used to each of the following factors promote Civil Rights. towards achieving civil rights? 1. Legal battles (Brown vs Briefly explain each factor. Board of Education) Which factor do you consider to 2. Direct action (Bus have been the most boycotts, Sit ins, Freedom important in helping the Civil riders) Rights movement to make 3. Marches (Birmingham, progress? Explain your answer Washington, Selma) using examples. 4. Actions of individuals and Evaluate the progress that had organisations (MLK, been made in achieving civil Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, rights by the end of 1968. Black Panthers, NAAP, The progress in the Civil CORE ) Rights movement that had 5. Actions of the government been achieved by the end of (Eisenhower, JFK, Johnson, 1968 was… Civil Rights 1964, Voting Rights Act 1965) Key Concept: Change Global Context: Fairness and