Roller Coaster SE Gizmos PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by GlimmeringVampire
Aimee Teyssier
Tags
Summary
This document details a student exploration activity for a roller coaster physics simulation. The activity includes prior knowledge questions, gizmo warm-up, activity A (determining factors relating to roller coaster speed), and activity B (gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy changes).
Full Transcript
1/14/24, 2:21 PM Roller Coaster SE Gizmos Name: Aimee Teyssier Date: 7/5/23 Student Exploration: Roller Coaster Physics Directions...
1/14/24, 2:21 PM Roller Coaster SE Gizmos Name: Aimee Teyssier Date: 7/5/23 Student Exploration: Roller Coaster Physics Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: friction, gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, momentum Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Sally gets onto the roller coaster car, a bit nervous already. Her heart beats faster as the car slowly goes up the first long, steep hill. 1. What happens at the beginning of every roller coaster ride? You either start by going up a hill and then down or start at the top of a hill. 2. Does the roller coaster ever get higher than the first hill? Explain. No. The rollercoaster usually goes over smaller and smaller hills. Gizmo Warm-up The Roller Coaster Physics Gizmo models a roller coaster with a toy car on a track that leads to an egg. You can change the track or the car. For the first experiment, use the default settings (Hill 1 = 70 cm, Hill 2 = 0 cm, Hill 3 = 0 cm, 35-g car). 1. Press Play ( ) to roll the 35-gram toy car down the track. Does the car break the egg? No 2. Click Reset ( ). Set Hill 1 to 80 cm, and click Play. Does the car break the egg? Yes 3. Click Reset. Lower Hill 1 back to 70 cm and select the 50-gram toy car. Click Play. Does Yes the 50-gram car break the egg? 4. What factors seem to determine whether the car will break the egg? Mass and height. Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved about:blank 1/5 This study source was downloaded by 100000887856643 from CourseHero.com on 08-25-2024 08:50:36 GMT 1/14/24, 2:21 PM Roller Coaster SE Gizmos Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready: Roller coaster Click Reset. speed Select the 35-g toy car. Question: What factors determine the speed of a roller coaster? 1. Observe: Set Hill 1 to 100 cm, Hill 2 to 0 cm, and Hill 3 to 0 cm. Be sure the Coefficient of friction is set to 0.00. (This means that there is no friction, or resistance to motion.) A. Click Play. What is the final speed of the toy car? 442.9 cm/s B. Try the other cars. Does the mass of the car affect its No final speed? 2. Collect data: Find the final speed of a toy car in each situation. Leave the last column blank. Total Height Hill 1 Hill 2 Hill 3 Final speed Lost 40 cm 0 cm 0 cm 280.1 cm/s 40 cm 40 cm 30 cm 0 cm 280.1 cm/s 40 cm 60 cm 50 cm 20 cm 280.1 cm/s 40 cm 60 cm 0 cm 0 cm 343.1 cm/s 60 cm 60 cm 45 cm 0 cm 343.1 cm/s 60 cm 90 cm 75 cm 30 cm 343.1 cm/s 60 cm 3. Analyze: Look at the data carefully. Notice that it is organized into two sets of three trials. A. What did each set of trials have in common? They had the same final speed. B. Did hill 2 have any effect on the final speed? No C. Label the last column of the table Total height Done! lost. Fill in this column by subtracting the height of hill 3 from the height of hill 1. D. What do you notice about the Total height lost in The totla height loss was the same each set of trials? for each set of trials. Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved about:blank 2/5 This study source was downloaded by 100000887856643 from CourseHero.com on 08-25-2024 08:50:36 GMT 1/14/24, 2:21 PM Roller Coaster SE Gizmos 4. Draw conclusions: When there is no friction, what is the only factor that affects the final speed of a roller coaster? What factors do not affect the final speed of a roller coaster? Total height lost is the only factor that affects final speed. Activity B: Get the Gizmo ready: Click Reset. Select the 50-g car. Energy on a roller Check that the Coefficient of friction is 0.00. coaster Set Hill 1 to 100 cm, and Hill 2 and 3 to 0 cm. Question: How does energy change on a moving roller coaster? 1. Observe: Turn on Show graph and select E vs t to see a graph of energy (E) versus time. Click Play and observe the graph as the car goes down the track. Does the total energy of the car change as it goes down the hill? No, it remains constant. 2. Experiment: The gravitational potential energy (U) of a car describes its energy of position. Click Reset. Set Hill 3 to 99 cm. Select the U vs t graph, and click Play. A. What happens to potential energy as the car goes down the hill? The PE decreases. B. What happens to potential energy as the car goes up the hill? The PE increases. 3. Experiment: The kinetic energy (K) of a car describes its energy of motion. Click Reset. Select the K vs t (kinetic energy vs. time) graph, and click Play. A. What happens to kinetic energy as the car goes down the hill? The KE increases. B. What happens to kinetic energy as the car goes up the hill? The KE decreases. 4. Compare: Click Reset. Set Hill 1 to 80 cm, Hill 2 to 60 cm, and Hill 3 to 79 cm. Be sure the 50-g toy car is selected, and press Play. Sketch the U vs t, K vs t, and E vs t graphs below. 5. Draw conclusions: How are potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy related? Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved about:blank 3/5 This study source was downloaded by 100000887856643 from CourseHero.com on 08-25-2024 08:50:36 GMT 1/14/24, 2:21 PM Roller Coaster SE Gizmos The potential energy plus the kinetic energy equals the total energy. 6. Calculate: Gravitational potential energy (U) depends on three things: the object’s mass (m), its height (h), and gravitational acceleration (g), which is 9.81 m/s2 on Earth’s surface: U = mgh Energy is measured in joules (J). One joule is equal to one 1 kg m2/s2. When calculating the energy of an object, it is helpful to convert the mass and height to kilograms and meters. (Recall there are 1,000 grams in a kilogram and 100 centimeters in a meter.) A. What is the mass of the 50-gram car, in kilograms? 0.05 kg B. Set Hill 1 to 75 cm and the other hills to 0 cm. What is the height in meters? 0.75 m C. What is the potential energy of the car, in joules? 0.368 J 7. Calculate: Kinetic energy (K) depends on the mass and speed (v) of the object. The equation for kinetic energy is: K= mv2 With Hill 1 set to 75 cm, click Play and allow the car to reach the bottom. A. What is the final speed of the car, in meters per second? 3.83 m/s B. What is the kinetic energy of the car, in joules? (Use the mass in kg.) 0.367 J C. How does the car’s kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill compare to The energy is about the its potential energy at the top? same. 8. Challenge: With no friction, you can use the relationship between potential and kinetic energy to predict the speed of the car at the bottom of this hill from its starting height. To do this, start by setting the kinetic and potential energy equations equal to one another: K = U mv2 = mgh A. Use algebra to solve for the speed. v = sqrt((2mgh)/m) B. With no friction, does the final speed depend No on the mass of the car? C. With no friction, does the final speed depend No on the steepness of the hill? Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved about:blank 4/5 This study source was downloaded by 100000887856643 from CourseHero.com on 08-25-2024 08:50:36 GMT 1/14/24, 2:21 PM Roller Coaster SE Gizmos D. What is the final speed of the car if the 3.3 m/s height of the hill is 55 cm (0.55 m)? Use the Gizmo to check your answer. Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved about:blank 5/5 This study source was downloaded by 100000887856643 from CourseHero.com on 08-25-2024 08:50:36 GMT Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)