Spectrum Management & Planning PDF

Spectrum Management & Planning Types of spectrum used by Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) Access Backhaul Access Frequencies Between Mobile Phones and Base Stations Backhaul Frequencies Between Base Stations and Switching Centers/ Gateways of Mobile Network Access Frequency Bands Access Bands Low Ba...

Spectrum Management & Planning Types of spectrum used by Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) Access Backhaul Access Frequencies Between Mobile Phones and Base Stations Backhaul Frequencies Between Base Stations and Switching Centers/ Gateways of Mobile Network Access Frequency Bands Access Bands Low Bands 600 ,700, 800, 900, 1800, 2100, 2300, 2500 MHz Mid Band 3300-3670 MHz Millimeter Wave Band 24.25-27.5 GHz Frequency bands opened for IMT Services Spectrum Band Band range (MHz) Spectrum for IMT 600 MHz 663-703 [612-652] 40 MHz 700 MHz 713-748 [773-803] 30 MHz 800 MHz 824 – 844[869 – 889] 20 MHz 900 MHz 890 – 915 [935 – 960] 25 MHz 1800 MHz 1710-1765[1805-1860] 55 MHz 2100 MHz 1939-1979[2129-2169] 40 MHz 2300 MHz 2300-2380 80 MHz 2500 MHz 2535-2555 & 2635-2655 40 MHz 3300 MHz 3300-3670 370 MHz 26 GHz 24250-27500 3250 MHz Backhaul Bands Backhaul Frequency Bands:- Microwave Backbone Bands 6 GHz , 7 GHz Microwave Access Bands 13 GHz, 15 GHz, 18 GHz, 21 GHz E band 71-76/81-86 GHz Mode of Spectrum Assignment :- Spectrum Allocations for Cellular mobile/ IMT- Pre 2012 OLD PROCEDURE for Typical Network Licence requiring frequency assignments Application for frequency assignment Difficulties:  Forwarded for clearance Yes Clearance Clearance required from IB, MEA or coordination with DoS/Defence No    Separate application at each Stage (LOI, DL and WOL) Separate application for SACFA Separate application for Import Licence 3-Stage Scrutiny at LOI, DL & WOL Stage. Scrutiny and approval by WPC. LOI issued intimating the Spectrum Fees Fees paid Manual verification of payment. Decision Letter (DL) Issued indicating frequencies and operational & technical parameters Equipment purchased locally from authorized dealer Invoice details by applicant Separate application for SACFA (as applicable) SACFA Clearance Separate Application for Import at RLOs (if required) Import Licence issued Imported Invoice, Bill of Entry, other documents by applicant Manual Scrutiny WOL issued OLD PROCEDURE for Typical Network Licence requiring frequency assignments Application for frequency assignment Difficulties:   Forwarded for clearance Yes Clearance required from IB, MEA or coordination with DoS/Defence   Clearance No Separate application at each Stage (LOI, DL and WOL) Separate application for SACFA Separate application for Import Licence 3-Stage Scrutiny at LOI, DL & WOL Stage. Scrutiny and approval by WPC. LOI issued intimating the Spectrum Fees Fees paid Manual verification of payment. Decision Letter (DL) Issued indicating frequencies and operational & technical parameters Equipment purchased locally from authorized dealer Invoice details by applicant Separate application for SACFA (as applicable) SACFA Clearance Separate Application for Import at RLOs (if required) Import Licence issued Imported Invoice, Bill of Entry, other documents by applicant Manual Scrutiny WOL issued CURRENT PROCEDURE for Typical Network Licence requiring frequency assignments APPLICATION Data for frequency assignment Data for SACFA Data for Import permit (as applicable) Forwarded clearance to IB, MEA etc Cleared & Scrutinized by WPC Yes Salient features:  One-time application for frequency assignment  One-time Scrutiny of details.  Simultaneous processing of frequency assignment, SACFA & Import permit  (if applicable) Clearance required from IB, MEA or coordination with DoS/Defence No ONE TIME Scrutiny & approval by WPC (sufficient for auto/system generated LoI, DL, WOL) LOI (System generated) Intimating Spectrum fees, SACFA & import fees as applicable Fees paid by Applicant DL (Auto generatedI when no SACFA required along with Import permit (Auto generated) SACFA processing with relevant data & clearance Equipment details entered by User (Purchased locally or imported] WOL (System generated) Spectrum Cap: A Cap of 40% on the combined spectrum holding in the sub-1 GHz bands i.e., 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands, including existing spectrum holding of TSPs in these bands. A Cap of 40% on the combined spectrum holding in 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz and 2500 MHz bands, including existing spectrum holding of TSPs in these bands. A Cap of 40% on the total spectrum put to auction in 3300 MHz band. A Cap of 40% on the total spectrum put to auction in 26 GHz band. Associated Facilities for Auctioned Spectrum:- Carrier Aggregation (CA) & License Assisted Access (LAA):- Carrier Aggregation: where a terminal receives or transmits on multiple component carriers (frequency blocks assigned to the same user), is a key technique introduced as part of LTE Advanced from release 10 onwards. The main advantages are: Improve the data rate per user (higher peak user throughput) Mitigate inter-cell interference (efficient use of spectrum) Enhance the network deployment (intra-band contiguous, intra-band non contiguous, inter-band non contiguous) Carrier aggregation is a long successful story of both LTE/NR enhancement with new combinations of frequency band added in every release. License Assisted Access: where CA can be used to aggregate downlink carriers in unlicensed frequency bands, primarily in the 5 GHz range, with carriers in licensed frequency bands. The following provides an overview of the CA technique evolution through the different 3GPP releases since its introduction. Release 10 – LTE Advanced 460007 Carrier Aggregation for LTE LTE_CA RP-100661 The following is supported:      Two or more CCs are aggregated in order to support wider transmission bandwidths up to 100MHz Backward compatibility with Rel-8/9 carriers CC can have a bandwidth of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 MHz Rel-10 signalling allows the aggregation of up to 5 DL CCs and 5 UL CCs, irrespective of intra- or inter-band CA. o The number of DL CCs that can be configured depends on the DL aggregation capability of the UE; o The number of UL CCs that can be configured depends on the UL aggregation capability of the UE; o It is not possible to configure a UE with more UL CCs than DL CCs; CA can be used for both FDD and TDD modes o FDD DL (intra-band & inter-band) o FDD UL (intra-band only) o TDD (intra-band only)  All component carriers need to have the same duplex scheme and in the case of TDD, same uplink downlink configuration. More detailed explanation is available in. Release 11 510030 LTE Carrier Aggregation Enhancements LTE_CA_enh RP-121999 Rel-10 TDD CA was restricted to the case of all component carriers having the same downlink-uplink configurations. For Rel-11 TDD CA, the downlink/uplink configuration is identical across component carriers in the same band and may be the same or different across component carriers in different bands. The following is introduced as part of the Work Item:   Support of the use of multiple timing advances in case of LTE uplink carrier aggregation o A UE with single timing advance capability for CA can simultaneously receive and/or transmit on multiple CCs corresponding to multiple serving cells sharing the same timing advance (multiple serving cells grouped in one TAG); o A UE with multiple timing advance capability for CA can simultaneously receive and/or transmit on multiple CCs corresponding to multiple serving cells with different timing advances (multiple serving cells grouped in multiple TAGs). o A non-CA capable UE can receive on a single CC and transmit on a single CC corresponding to one serving cell only (one serving cell in one TAG). Support of inter-band carrier aggregation for TDD DL and UL including different uplink-downlink configurations on different bands Release 12 600013 LTE TDD-FDD joint operation including Carrier Aggregation LTE_CA_TDD_FDD RP140465 The objective the Work Item is to enhance LTE TDD – FDD joint operation with LTE TDD-FDD carrier aggregation feature and potentially also with other TDD-FDD joint operation solutions – see the outcome of the initial scenario evaluation phase in. The following is introduced as part of the Work Item:  Introduce LTE TDD – FDD Carrier Aggregation support (aggregation of carriers with different frame structures) including either TDD or FDD as PCell(*) satisfying the following conditions: o UEs supporting FDD and TDD carrier aggregation operation shall be able to access both legacy FDD and legacy TDD single mode carriers o Legacy FDD UEs and UEs supporting FDD and TDD CA operation may camp on and connect the FDD carrier, which is part of the jointly operated FDD/TDD network o Legacy TDD UEs and UEs supporting FDD and TDD CA operation may camp on and connect the TDD carrier, which is part of the jointly operated FDD/TDD network Note that Dual Connectivity (DC) functionality was identified as possible other solutions for FDD-TDD joint operation enhancement. In DC, the UE is simultaneously connected to two different eNB base stations (on different carriers) by aggregating flows of the two eNB despite the latency caused by the backhaul (X2 link). The base stations do not need to be synchronized (and therefore may not be co-located). Main difference with the aggregation of carriers where the aggregation of flows is performed on the same base station in two different radio bands. (*): Primary cell (PCell) in which the device initially performs the initial connection establishment procedure. Once the device is in connected mode, one or more secondary cells (SCells) can be configured to provide additional radio resources. Release 13 – LTE Advanced Pro 660072 LTE Carrier Aggregation Enhancement Beyond 5 Carriers LTE_CA_enh_b5C RP151984 The following is supported:     Two or more CCs are aggregated in order to support wider transmission bandwidths up to 640MHz Backward compatibility with Rel-8/9 carriers CC can still have a bandwidth of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 MHz Rel-13 specifies the necessary mechanisms to enable the LTE carrier aggregation of up to 32 component carriers for the DL and UL, including: o Enhancements to DL control signalling for up to 32 component carriers including both self-scheduling and cross-carrier scheduling, if any o Enhancements to UL control signalling for up to 32 component carriers (enhancements to UCI signalling formats to support UCI feedback for up to 32 DL carriers The Work Item considers FDD operation, TDD operation as well as TDD-FDD carrier aggregation operation when applicable. Note Rel-13 also introduced License-Assisted Access (LAA), where CA can be used to aggregate downlink carriers in unlicensed frequency bands, primarily in the 5 GHz range, with carriers in licensed frequency bands. Release 15 CA in 5G New Radio (NR). The following is supported in Rel-15:   Maximum number of configured Component Carriers for a UE is 16 for DL and 16 for UL. CC having different bandwidths (in both FR1 and FR2 frequency bands) and different duplex schemes, can be aggregated allowing for overall transmission bandwidths of up to (16 x 400 MHz) = 6.4 GHz Table 1: NR channel bandwidth Frequency range Frequency range Supported channel bandwidth [MHz] FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 90, 100 FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz 50, 100, 200, 400   Both CA within a frequency band (intra-band CA) and CA across frequency bands (inter-band CA) are supported. For the case of inter-band CA, CA with different numerologies is also supported. As the users may not always require the high data rate provided by the NR wider bandwidths, NR defines the new concept of Bandwidth Part (BWP). UEs may operate in narrow bandwidth and when user demands more data, gNB to enable wider bandwidth. That makes NR an energy efficient solution despite the support of wideband operation.   UE can be configured with maximum 4 BWP for DL and UL but at a given point of time only one BWP is active for downlink and one for uplink. BWP is a contiguous set of resource blocks on a given carrier.     When gNB configures a BWP , it includes parameters: BWP Numerology (u) BWP bandwidth size Frequency location (NR-ARFCN), CORESET (Control Resource Set) The bandwidth of the BWP is configured for each UE according to the UE capability on supported maximum bandwidth, and hence multiple UEs having different bandwidth capabilities can be served in a single wideband NR carrier. Multiple BWPs with different numerologies can be multiplexed within a single NR carrier to support different types of services. The bandwidth of the BWP can be narrower than the supported maximum bandwidth for the UE so that UE power saving is achieved. In addition, BWP adaptation based on switching between BWPs having different bandwidths and/or numerologies is supported. NR does not support carrier aggregation with LTE and thus dual connectivity is needed to support aggregation of the LTE and NR throughput. EN-DC operation is introduced as part of the Rel-15, to support simultaneous transmissions across LTE and NR. Release 16 As part of Rel-16 NR radio enhancements, several configurations of CA have been introduced. Further details on these new combinations can be found in TR 21.916. Rel-16 NR inter-band CA/Dual 800074 Connectivity for 2 bands DL with NR_CADC_R16_2BDL_xBUL up to 2 bands UL RP191565 Rel16 NR inter-band Carrier 830095 Aggregation for 3 bands DL with NR_CA_R16_3BDL_1BUL 1 band UL RP191153 Acronyms: CA CC DL FDD LTE TAG TDD Carrier Aggregation Component Carrier Downlink Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) Long Term Evolution Timing Advance Group Time Division Duplex UCI UL Uplink Control Information Uplink SACFA & Wireless Operating License Process SACFA Process:Standing Advisory Committee on Radio Frequency Allocation (SACFA) is a committee formed under the Chairmanship of Secretary (Telecom) for issuing clearance to telecom /communication towers from the point of aviation hazard. The constitution of SACFA Committee is as follows: 1. Secretary (Telecom) - Chairman 2. Wireless Adviser - Member 3. Director, JCES, Ministry of Defence - Member 4. ED, Airport Authority of India (AAI) - Member 5. Joint Wireless Adviser, WPC Wing - Member Secretary Criterion Based Clearance:7/40 category: Towers located more than 7 km from the nearest Airport (AMSL) and having height (including AMSL of site)