Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3 PDF

Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3: Sports Organisation and Development Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3: Sports Organisation and Development Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3: Sports Organisation and D...

Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3: Sports Organisation and Development Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3: Sports Organisation and Development Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3: Sports Organisation and Development Cambridge Technical Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity Unit 3: Sports Organisation and Development The second stage of sports development is the …………… stage. At this stage, performers may play sport for their ……………………… or as part of a school …………………………………. club. Coaches may use ………………. guidance and more sport-specific drills focusing on …………………….. Skills. At this stage, performers may be taking part to keep fit or because they enjoy the ……………… side of the sport. To move up from this stage, performers would be …………………….. by a youth academy, district or county team. The third stage of sports development is the …………… stage. At this stage, performers may need support ……………………… to enter competitions or from schools to have time off to play or train. Performers at this stage would be …………………………. and have some dedication and commitment to their sport. Coaches at this stage would focus on developing …………………………. knowledge and refining skills. Performers at this stage may need …………………………. or other financial support to allow them to keep competing. At this stage, performers would be competing at a more ……………………………… level such as for county, district or regional teams. To move up from this stage, performers may move onto a ………………………… talent identification programme, funded by a ………………………………………….. The fourth stage of sports development is the …………… stage. Performers may now start to earn …………………. from competing. At this stage, performers are playing at a ……………… club or national standard. This is the stage that requires the most commitment where they may train almost …………….. Performers have an extensive knowledge of their sport and …………………. level of skill. At this stage, coaching would be specialist, using …………… analysis and specialist coaches such as psychologists and ………………. and conditioning coaches. LO2: Understand sports development. TARGET GROUPS AND BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION DATE: 16.10.24 Learning Objectives - To identify the target groups in relation to sport and physical activity. - To investigate the barriers to participation faced by different target groups. - To understand the benefits of participating in sport and physical activity for these groups and why they are often targeted in terms of increasing participation. ESPN World Fame 100 Every year, ESPN produce a list of the top one hundred most “famous” athletes. It is based on three aspects: - Social media following on the athlete’s most 1. Write down who you think are the top ten followed social media account. most famous athletes in the world. 1. How many women do you think make the - How much money the athlete made in the top one hundred? year through sponsorships and endorsements. - An average “Google Search” score based on how many times their names are searched on Google. Share your ESPN Top Tens… According to the ESPN list… - There are sixteen male athletes more famous than Serena Williams. - There are just three women in the entire top one hundred. https://www.espn.com/espn/feature/ story/_/id/26113613/espn-world-fa me-100-2019 If there’s sixteen male athletes more famous than Serena Williams, we as sport-mad scholars will easily be able to identify them. Won’t we? Surely? No? Is it just women who are excluded? - Despite some progression through campaigns such as This Girl Can, professional sport remains dominated by men. - All of these men are role models to millions of people who want to be like them. What do you think the impact of this is on - With a participation in grass-roots few exceptions, these men or amateur will have lived privileged sport? lives with wealthy parents. - How Although the might World Famethis 100 isaffect the physical skewed slightly by the influenceactivity of Indian andlevels Chinese of men spectators, these certain groups are commonly ofblack. white or people In the casewithin ourteams, the of England’s majority are white. community? - Barely any of the top one hundred athletes are over the age of thirty five. - None of the top one hundred athletes have a disability. Sport England’s Active Lives Survey As we know, one of Sport England’s key roles is to INCREASE PARTICIPATION. In order to plan policies aimed at increasing participation, they must collect data on current physical activity levels. They do this through a survey called the ACTIVE LIVES SURVEY. Active Lives 2022/23 Key Findings https://sportengland-production-files.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com /s3fs-public/2024-04/Active%20Lives%20Adult%20Survey%20Novemb er%202022-23%20Report.pdf?VersionId=veYJTP_2n55UdOmX3PAXH7d Jr1GA24vs Target Groups As a result of what we have discussed, sports development initiatives tend to focus on increasing participation in physical activity in the following groups of people: Age Groups: - WOMEN - Children - DISABLED - ETHNIC MINORITIES - Young Adults (16-24) - AGE GROUPS - Elderly/Retired Health Benefits of Physical Activity Sports development aims to target certain groups so that the health benefits of sport and physical activity can be achieved by all, for example: - Reduces body fat and chances of obesity. - Promotes positive mental health. - Promotes healthy body systems such as cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, sports development - Reduces chance of illness. organisations may have more specific reasons for targeting certain groups, - Helps you live longer. linked to the specific barriers that these groups face. Barriers to Participation  Lack of role models for elderly, Historical ideas about what Cost of equipment or facility women, disabled, ethnic women or ethnic minorities minorities. should or should not be taking Low confidence may put people hire is expensive. part in. off trying new things. Groups like elderly and young people don’t work so may Role Models Stereotyping have less money. Cost Confidence If you don’t drive, People might be put off public transport can participating by not being be expensive. very good. Transport Barriers to Participation Ability Young people may Elderly may be physically require parental incapable of some sports. support such as lifts. With limited time, people pursue other Opportunity Facilities Awareness activities. Time People don’t know what is on For example, in their area if activities are People have work or Small range of provision of poorly advertised. school to go to. facilities available for women’s football Poor provision of certain people and Facilities such as gyms need clubs is poor activities at suitable sports. ramps and specialised compared to men. times. Sports teams for equipment for disabled or people in a elderly. wheel-chair? Target Group: Disabled WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION FOR THIS GROUP? - Disability will hinder body’s ability to participate in certain sports and activities. - Lack of role models due to poor media coverage of professional disabled sport. - Lack of clubs to join. - Poor facilities or facilities that are not specialised for those with a disability. - Low self confidence. - May feel as if they will be discriminated against. WHY SHOULD SPORTS DEVELOPMENT TARGET THIS GROUP IN PARTICULAR? - Promote inclusivity. - Very inactive group. WHAT MIGHT BE SOME SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FOR THIS GROUP? - Health benefits. - Social benefits. - Raised confidence. Target Group: Women WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION FOR THIS GROUP? - Lack of role models due to less coverage of women’s professional sport. - Lack of provision of women’s clubs and activities compared to men. - Childcare. - Stereotypical ideas that “sport is for men” and “women shouldn’t play certain sports”. - Peer pressure to not participate. - Negative experiences of sport in school. - Self-conscious about body image. WHY SHOULD SPORTS DEVELOPMENT TARGET THIS GROUP IN PARTICULAR? - Promoting inclusivity. - Widening campaigns for greater gender equality in all areas of life. WHAT MIGHT BE SOME SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FOR THIS GROUP? - Changing attitudes towards women. - Health, social, mental benefits. Target Group: Ethnic Minorities WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION FOR THIS GROUP? - Fear of discrimination or racial abuse. - Cultural beliefs that may hinder participation, such as having to cover body which may affect participation in activities such as swimming. - Language barriers. - Lack of role models. - Negative experiences of physical activity. - Stereotypes. - Family perception of sport WHY SHOULD SPORTS DEVELOPMENT TARGET THIS GROUP IN PARTICULAR? - Promote anti-racial, anti-discriminatory inclusion such as Kick it Out campaign. WHAT MIGHT BE SOME SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FOR THIS GROUP? - Cultural inclusion. - More comfortable participating in BAME specific clubs. - Health benefits. Target Group: Elderly/Retired WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION FOR THIS GROUP? - Fear of injury or illness or specific medical conditions hindering participation. - Lack of money. - Lack of role models. - Lack of confidence. - Lack of transport. - Lack of suitable clubs or activities in the area. WHY SHOULD SPORTS DEVELOPMENT TARGET THIS GROUP IN PARTICULAR? - They have more free time than other groups so seem like a good group to target. - Health benefits could specifically promote longer life expectancy. - Promote social benefits to elderly as may be lonely. WHAT MIGHT BE SOME SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FOR THIS GROUP? - Helps maintain mental health and helps maintain thinking skills. - Maintains muscle tone and helps mobilise joints. - Reduces risk of falls. - Social benefits. - Improved quality of life and increases life expectancy. Target Group: Teenagers / Young Adults WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION FOR THIS GROUP? - Lack of money or transport due to reliance on parents. - Busy with school work or exams. - Alternative leisure interests. - Peer pressure from friends who might not be interested in participating. - Low motivation or self-confidence. WHY SHOULD SPORTS DEVELOPMENT TARGET THIS GROUP IN PARTICULAR? - There is often a drop-off in terms of physical activity as children move through adulthood. - If individuals become physically inactive during this time then it is likely that they will remain inactive throughout their adult life. WHAT MIGHT BE SOME SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FOR THIS GROUP? - Promotes and maintains a healthy lifestyle. - Promotes lifelong participation in sport. - Reduces stress. - Reduces crime levels or levels of anti-social behaviour as it provides something to do. - Builds skills that could benefit careers such as teamwork. Target Group: Young Children WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION FOR THIS GROUP? - If parents are not interested in sport and physical activity then young children are unlikely to either. - Reliant on parents for transport and any costs of participation. - Lack of skills or knowledge of sport. - Lack of clubs or activities to join. - School or nursery commitments reduces time available. WHY SHOULD SPORTS DEVELOPMENT TARGET THIS GROUP IN PARTICULAR? - Vitally important to build positive exercise habits from an early age as if children don’t see the importance of sport and exercise this early they may never. - Childhood obesity is on the rise. WHAT MIGHT BE SOME SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FOR THIS GROUP? - Skills and confidence level increases. - Enjoyment of sport, physical activity and P.E. lessons. - Promotes a life-long love of sport and physical activity and promotes long-term health benefits. Review One of the reasons for encouraging people to get involved in sport is because it is a good way to develop and promote values. Identify three values that can be promoted through sport and give an example for each one. Fairplay, Teamwork, Respect, Tolerance, Citizenship, Inclusion https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/120rfXAInRCDBlAHo-OFRLSy -qyaNKRkl/edit#slide=id.p9 3. One of the reasons for putting on a sports development event or initiative is to support social policy. Explain how a sports development event or initiative can support social policy. (6) https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/120rfXAInRCDBlAHo-OFRLSy-q yaNKRkl/edit#slide=id.p10 LO2: Understand sports development. THE SPORTS DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM DATE: 15.10.24 Learning Objectives - To identify the four stages of the sports development continuum. - To understand the characteristics of performers at each stage of the continuum. - To investigate how performers move up through the stages of the continuum. Starter: Eden Hazard’s Journey As you watch Eden Hazard talk about his journey from childhood to professional football, consider the following questions: If you were told there were four stages of development on the route to becoming a professional athlete, what do you think those four stages are? What would you call each stage? What would a performer at each of those stages be doing? Think about your own experiences of sport and consider what Hazard is saying by thinking about every time he career progresses onto what you think is a new “stage”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9fike9Uhzc Sport Development Continuum EXCELLENCE A visual model that aims to explain the journey of an athlete from amateur and local sport all PERFORMANCE the way up to professional. PARTICIPATION FOUNDATION Sport Development Continuum Use the hand out provided to complete your EXCELLENCE A3 Sport Development Continuum with information about each of the stages. Think about: PERFORMANCE - What are the characteristics of performers at each stage? - How does a performer go from one stage PARTICIPATION to the next? - How might coaching differ at each stage? FOUNDATION Foundation Stage CHARACTERISTICS: - Developing basic skills such as running, jumping, catching, throwing and hitting. - Fun and enjoyment. - Being taught P.E. in schools. - Beginners. COACHING STYLE: - Visual guidance and demonstrations. - Lots of praise and positive encouragement. MOVING TO THE NEXT STAGE: - Look at joining a local club or team or joining in with school extra-curricular clubs. Participation Stage CHARACTERISTICS: - Playing sport for a local team or as part of a school extra-curricular club. - Participating as a hobby or for fun, fitness or social reasons. - Taking part in more structured activity within their own time. - Starting to develop some skills and knowledge of rules and regulations. COACHING STYLE: - Verbal guidance as the performer now understands more about the sport. - Sport specific drills to improve skills. MOVING TO THE NEXT STAGE: - Performer may be scouted or attend a trial to represent an academy or a regional, county or district team. Performance Stage CHARACTERISTICS: - Playing sport at county, regional, academy, level. - Performers are highly motivated. - Performers are developing high quality skills. - Performers have access to good level coaching and facilities. SUPPORT NEEDED: - Parental support and financial support to pay for competitions, equipment, travel etc. MOVING TO THE NEXT STAGE: - May be enrolled on a Talent ID programme, scouted for better teams, move up the academy into the first team. Excellence Stage CHARACTERISTICS: - Performers have high levels of experience and knowledge. - Performers have very high skill levels. - They are professionals and are playing for a living or to earn money. - Performers are participating in highly organised competitions and events. COACHING STYLE: - High quality coaching and facilities needed such as video analysis, specialist psychologists, fitness coaches. SUPPORT NEEDED: - Support from NGB’s and sponsors to ensure access to high quality facilities, coaching etc. The sports development continuum is The figure shows the sports a model that represents the stage a development continuum. person is performing at in a particular sport. Give one characteristic of an individual at each stage of the Describe the participation stage of sports development continuum. (4) the sports development continuum. (3) People who are over fifty years of age or retired are a target group for increasing sports participation. People who take part Describe the performance in sport will be at different stages in the level of the sports sport development continuum. development continuum. (3) Describe the four stages in the sports development continuum, giving an example for each stage. (8)  Eight Mark Question: Explain how an individual can progress through the four stages of the sports development continuum. Use practical examples in your answer. (8) Four small paragraphs and in each paragraph you must: IDENTIFY the stage of the sports development continuum that the paragraph will be discussing. EXPLAIN some characteristics of a performer at that stage of sports development using examples. EXPLAIN how a performer will look to move up from this stage using examples. The first stage of sports development is the foundation stage. At the foundation stage, performers may be experiencing P.E. for the first time in schools and learning basic skills such as running, jumping and throwing. They will be participating in sport for fun and enjoyment. In order to move up from this stage, performers may look at joining a local team for example a local football team in order to develop their skills further. LO2: Understand sports development. THE PURPOSE OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT DATE: 07.10.24 Learning Objectives - To reinforce how sports development aims to increase participation and develop talent. - To discover the values promoted through sports development. - To investigate how sports development is used to support social policy. The Purpose of Sports Development When thinking about the reasons why sports development is important, it is important to remember the following four purposes for your exam. - INCREASING PARTICIPATION - PROGRESSION OF TALENT - PROMOTING VALUES - SUPPORTING SOCIAL POLICY  WHAT? Promoting participation Aiming to increase the Aiming to get particular in a particular sport. Working with schools physical activity levels groups of people active and local communities. across the nation. such as women. Purpose of Sports Development: INCREASING PARTICIPATION County Sports England Netball Sport England Boccia UK running Partnerships running running an initiative running “This Girl free taster sessions “School Games” to getting women aged Can” campaign. in Boccia. improve school over 40 playing sport. netball again. HOW?  WHAT? Aiming to improve UK Improving talent performance in Improving quality of Providing better identification Olympics and grass-roots sport to coaches and officials. pathways. Paralympics. promote talent development. Purpose of Sports Development: PROGRESSING TALENT FA spending ECB running courses UK Sport funding Leeds City Council funding on on how to become a high quality facilities using funding to developing its cricket coach or to enable world class build a new 4G pitch talent umpire. athletes to train. in Leeds City Centre. development model. HOW? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q24vr-nwpbI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAm9lqyqJ5s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-UO9vMS7AI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ublopz_43U F_ _ _ P _ _ _ T_______ T________ Purpose of Sports Development: PROMOTING VALUES R______ I________ C_________P  Working with other Accepting different Promoting adherence people to achieve views, feelings and to rules and discipline. something. attitudes of others. FAIR PLAY TEAMWORK TOLERANCE Purpose of Sports Development: PROMOTING VALUES CITIZENSHIP RESPECT INCLUSION Promoting moral behaviours Similar to fair play; Including people from a amongst the community. acknowledging humanity wide range of backgrounds, and rights. ages, abilities. Identify a Add one example Add a second sporting value. as a side. example/side! Accepting a referee’s decision Shaking hands with the FAIR PLAY even though you might not opposition at the end of a game. agree with it. TEAMWORK Abiding by the rules of the sport. Football team working together on a passing move. Supporting the people in your Leeds United’s community RESPECT team on and off the pitch. team working with local primary schools. A football club welcoming black Accepting the behaviour of a TOLERANCE and ethnic minority players. team-mate even if you disagree. Volunteering to help coach at Local leisure centre running a INCLUSION your local team. disabled badminton club. Being understanding of A tennis player admitting a CITIZENSHIP players of different abilities. ball was out. Identify a Add one example Add a second sporting value. as a side. example/side! A tennis player admitting a FAIR PLAY Abiding by the rules of the sport. ball was out. Supporting the people in your TEAMWORK team on and off the pitch. Football team working together on a passing move. Accepting a referee’s decision RESPECT even though you might not Shaking hands with the opposition at the end of a game. agree with it. Being understanding of Accepting the behaviour of a TOLERANCE players of different abilities. team-mate even if you disagree. A football club welcoming black Local leisure centre running a INCLUSION and ethnic minority players. disabled badminton club. Newcastle United’s Volunteering to help coach at community team working with CITIZENSHIP your local team. local primary schools.  Purpose of Sports Development: SUPPORTING SOCIAL POLICY Social policy issues are issues within society that may require a government response. Examples of social policy issues that sport is used to try and address include: - CRIME/DRUGS - DISCRIMINATION - HEALTH - UNEMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION - SOCIAL COHESION  “One of the reasons for putting on a sports development initiative is to support social policy. Explain how a sports development initiative or event can support social policy”. (6) Sports development can support social policy by helping to tackle crime. For example… The Street Games provides opportunities for people who are at risk of offending to take part in sport and physical activity eg on a Friday night when crime is higher. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVZ-NOoyIIE “One of the reasons for putting on a sports development initiative is to support social policy. Explain how a sports development initiative or event can support social policy”. (6) Sports development can support social policy by helping to improve health. For example… The Change 4 Life programme aims to promote the importance of exercise in order to reduce levels of obesity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmvvZWpuDD4 “One of the reasons for putting on a sports development initiative is to support social policy. Explain how a sports development initiative or event can support social policy”. (6) Sports development can support social policy by helping to reduce discrimination. For example… The Kick it Out campaign aims to provide better opportunities for groups that participate less such as women and black ethnic minorities. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtllSap4gGs “One of the reasons for putting on a sports development initiative is to support social policy. Explain how a sports development initiative or event can support social policy”. (6) Sports development can support social policy by helping to reduce unemployment. For example… The Street League campaign aims to develop people’s confidence and leadership skills to help them get a job. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3L4sXlFbQCw “One of the reasons for putting on a sports development initiative is to support social policy. Explain how a sports development initiative or event can support social policy”. (6) Sports development can support social policy by helping to promote social cohesion. For example… Sport brings people together to promote teamwork and an awareness of people from different beliefs and cultures. LO2: Understand sports development. SPORTS DEVELOPMENT AND ROLES Learning Objectives - To define the term sports development. - To identify the five sports development roles and investigate how these people help promote sports development within the UK. Sports Development Sports development is a broad term that can be defined as “the marketing and publicising of sports activities for the community”. It requires solid networks of partnerships - NGB’s - Local councils - Volunteers - Facility providers Sports Development All the organisations we have looked at are involved in sports development. Sports development includes lots of things such as: - RAISING AWARENESS OF INDIVIDUAL SPORTS - INCREASING PARTICIPATION - DEVELOPING TALENT - USING SPORT FOR SOCIAL BENEFIT 2 minute discussion How can sport bring about social benefits? List all the different ways in which sport can achieve this. Sports Development Sport for Social Benefit Develop individuals eg confidence, ability etc Promote healthy living Equality between genders Increase social integration Develop peace Provide economic growth Enhance communication Sports Development Roles There are FIVE sports development roles to remember. These people are all important in promoting sports development: - COACHES - P.E. TEACHERS - OFFICIALS - SPORTS DEVELOPMENT OFFICERS - SPORTS LEADERS Sports Development Roles and their Impact TASK ONE: - On the worksheet, write down three impacts for each sports development role that you think are the most important or specific for someone in that role. - You can identify one particular impact as the most important for more than one sports development roles. - For example, you might think “encouraging lifelong participation in sport” is a vital impact that both P.E. Teachers and Sports Development Officers have. TASK TWO: - Complete the first worksheet. For each impact, tick which sports development roles you think may have that impact. - You can tick more than one sports development role for each impact. Coaches Coaches have an important part to play in sports development because they: - Make participation in sport fun and enjoyable. - Promote coaching points to help promote skill development. - Provide feedback to help improve performance. - Ensure sport and physical activity is safe. - Act as a role model for those participating in sport. P.E. Teachers P.E. Teachers have an important role to play in sports development because they: - Make participation in sport enjoyable and fun. - Provide coaching points to help promote skill development. - Provide feedback to improve performance. - Ensure sport and physical activity is safe. - Encourage lifelong participation in sport and physical activity. - Act as a role model for those participating in sport. Officials Officials have an important role to play in sports development because they: - Ensure sport and physical activity is safe. - Promote fairness, equality and respect. - Promote and uphold the rules and regulations of sport. Sport Development Officers and Leaders Sports Development Officers and Leaders have an important role to play in sports development because they: - Encourage a wide range of ages and abilities to participate in sport. - Ensure participation is fun, enjoyable and safe. - Develop community sport. - Implement projects aiming to increase community levels of physical activity.