Lecture 1 - KIN479 - Understanding Physical Activity & Exercise PDF

Understanding Physical Activity and Exercise Chapter 1 Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Now on to actual class content… 1) Canvas 2) Chapter 1 (should be simple & a review) Copyright © 2018 American College of Sport...

Understanding Physical Activity and Exercise Chapter 1 Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Now on to actual class content… 1) Canvas 2) Chapter 1 (should be simple & a review) Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Physical Activity= Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction with an increase in energy expenditure. Typical PA Environments: Leisure, Household, Occupation, Transportation Exercise: type of PA that is planned, structured, repetitive, & purposeful – Tends to be specific and quantifiable form of PA Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Physical Activity Considerations Muscle Contraction -Static or isometric: PA without change in joint angle -Dynamic or isotonic: PA with change in joint angle Energy Expenditure – Aerobic: PA that is oxygen dependent – Anaerobic: PA that is oxygen independent Both occur within PA and contribution of each varies based on exercise intensity Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine How would you define physical fitness?? Set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity A) Health Related Fitness – Lifestyle - Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Strength/Endurance, Flexibility B) Skill Related Fitness – Sport related - Agility, Coordination, Reaction Time, Balance, Speed, Power Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Development of Exercise Physiology We have known that physical activity is important for a long time. – Socrates – “No man has the right to be an amateur in the matter of physical training.” Exercise Physiology ➔ Grew out of physical education and health -Harvard Fatigue Lab – 1920’s -1995 Joint Position Statement Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine What is ACSM? And how is it related to this course? The American College of Sports Medicine was founded in 1954 Collection of researchers, practitioners, & educators Multiple certifications such as the Certified Exercise Physiologist (ACSM-EP). – Very well prepared after completing this course - Need Bachelor’s Degree & CPR certification (members=$~350) Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine ACSM also serves to provide recommendations: Aerobic Exercise Recommendations (adults) – Moderate intensity: 30+ mins, 5 days/week – Vigorous intensity: 25+ mins, 3 days/week Resistance Exercise Recommendations (adults) – Minimum of moderate or greater intensity & that involve all major muscle groups on 2+ days/week – Specific details related to frequency, repetitions, and number of exercises are also available Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Despite these recommendations, we are doing poorly… Quantification of leisure time PA has grown considerably and utilizes a variety of methodologies – Self-report methods: NHANES, BRFSS, etc. – Objective methods: pedometers, accelerometers, etc. Americans of all ages are not meeting the daily recommended amounts of PA Lack of PA coincides with the current epidemic of obesity Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Need to get people started early. But how?? Incorporating PA from an early age is beneficial for preventing chronic disease in adulthood. PA during childhood decreases metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Gains in bone mineral density developed during childhood PA help prevent osteoporosis in adult years. Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Generally, it’s a good idea to get moving Increased energy expenditure through PA is associated with a multitude of benefits: Weight loss & weight control Reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, CVD, hypertension, certain cancers, and all cause mortality Brain Health Musculoskeletal Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Before we tell everyone to get moving… The EP-C must consider client or patient health risk when recommending PA Most inactive or symptom-free individuals can safely begin a low-to-moderate intensity PA program without the need for baseline testing or prior medical clearance The EP-C responsible for supervising vigorous-intensity PA program should: – Be current on basic &/or advanced life support training – Be keenly aware of signs and symptoms of CVD Copyright © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine Risks of Sudden Cardiac Death Sudden cardiac death related to moderate intensity exercise is quite rare. For young individuals (