Research II PDF - Special Science Class

RESEARCH II For Special Science Class REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Quarter 2 / Week 1 1  FOREWORD This self-learning kit is a ready-to-use material for the learners to develop and enhance their skill in research. This will...

RESEARCH II For Special Science Class REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Quarter 2 / Week 1 1  FOREWORD This self-learning kit is a ready-to-use material for the learners to develop and enhance their skill in research. This will serve as a guide in categorizing research in terms of purpose and methodology. In this learning kit, the students will gain knowledge in the different categories of research especially in analyzing texts critically. This learning kit is composed of three parts: I. What Happened. This section provides activities that will prepare learners to the discussion of the topic provided in this material. II. What I Need To Know. This is the discussion section of the SLK. Exercises after the discussion are also provided to further enrich students' learning of the topic. III. What I Have Learned. This portion will gauge student’s learning and will determine how much the learner has learned. 2 OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: K: recall and describe 'related literature' and 'related studies'; S: classify primary and secondary sources; and A: show appreciation of authors' ideas through acknowledgment of sources. LEARNING COMPETENCY: Establish the purpose and importance of writing a good review of related literature that conforms with scientific and acceptable guidelines. I. WHAT HAPPENED PRE-ACTIVITY/ PRE-TEST: Direction: Choose the correct answer and copy the letter and the content of your choice in your notebook. 1. Which of the following statements is not the purpose or importance of review of related literature or studies? A. Materials surveyed must be closely related to the present study. B. Prevents from duplication of other studies. C. Guides the researcher in selecting a best research problem or topic. D. Gives information of the findings and conclusions of the previous investigations 3 2. It is a discussion of facts and principles that is related to the present research study. A. Related studies C. Research study B. Related literature D. Research problem 3. Which of the following is not a step of conducting review of related literature? A. Visit the school library or other libraries in the vicinity. B. Take down notes on index card or research notebook. C. Do a computer-aided search through an electronic database. D. Ask for reprints from teachers 4. A review of related literature should include material that is A. Directly related to your research question only B. Closely related to your research question only C. From any available discipline if relevant D. All of the above 5. These are investigations that have been conducted which are closely related to the present study. A. Related studies C. Research study B. Related literature D. Research problem 6. Why is it important for a researcher to review the literature? A. To show the time he spent on the subject B. To know if one has done the work before C. To check if the same research work is done by other researchers D. To identify like-minded researchers 7. How recent must the year of publication of sources be for the related literature or studies? A. 2-5 years ago C. 5-10 years ago B. 5 years ago D. 10-15 years ago 8. Which of the following is not a primary source? A. Records C. textbooks B. Dairies D. eyewitness 4 II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ACTIVITY 1: (Review) Direction: Make a diagram of the steps of a research process and briefly explain each step. Do this task in your notebook. WHAT IS RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES? Related Literature is a discussion of facts and principles that is closely related to the present research study. Related Studies are studies or investigation that have been conducted which is similar or related to the present research study For example, if your study is about COVID-19, then the facts, principles or investigations that you are going to review or read must be about COVID-19. IMPORTANCE, PURPOSE AND FUNCTION: a. It guides the researcher in selecting a best research problem or topic. b. It helps the researcher in understanding the research better. c. It prevents from duplication of other studies. d. It provides the conceptual or theoretical framework of the planned research e. It gives information of the details of the research methods used f. It gives information of the findings and conclusions of the previous investigations Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2HDnuLn (by Roqui Malijan) 5 CHARACTERISTICS a. The materials reviewed must be recent. The year of publication must be 5-10 years ago. b. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased c. Materials surveyed must be closely related to the present study d. Surveyed materials must have been based on the original and true facts or data to make them valid and reliable. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2HQMQFm (by Jasper Obicp) HOW TO CONDUCT THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE a. Visit the school library or other libraries in the vicinity. Browse over books, magazines, journals, etc. Be patient. b. Do a computer-aided search through an electronic database. - Google Scholar - Website of journals; Botanicus c. Ask for reprints from experts d. Take down notes on index card or research notebook. Begin organizing your notes by devising sections and headings such as: - General Information - Methods in other studies - Support for Objectives 1 and 2 - Results to compare with mine - Pros and cons of controversy e. Write all bibliographic information, i.e., author(s), complete title, publisher, date and place of publication, and so on. f. Paraphrase! Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3jHUFdF (by Melinda M. Paimonte) 6 SOURCES OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES. Literature reviewed includes scholarly journals or books, authoritative database, and primary sources. Sometimes, it will include secondary sources such as newspapers, magazines, video, audio and many more. PRIMARY SOURCES Primary sources are the origin of information of study, basic documents relating to a specific subject area or topic. These are firsthand account written by a person who is present in study or event. Example: Original documents such as diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, records, eyewitness accounts, autobiographies Empirical scholarly works such as research articles, clinical reports, case studies, dissertations Creative works such as poetry, music, video, photography SECONDARY SOURCES These are information that was created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions. Example: Publications such as textbooks, magazine articles, book reviews, commentaries, encyclopedias, almanacs LOCATION OF SOURCES Generally, the location of the related literature and studies are found in the following places: - Libraries, either government school or private libraries - Government or private offices Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2HDnuLn (by Roqui Malijan) 7 HOW TO WRITE THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE? - Use headings arranged in logical order to indicate main points - Avoid lengthy introduction to your main topic. - Include information that are directly related and relevant to your topic. - A maximum of half-page (double-space) must constitute one paragraph - Do not copy the information from your source. No more than 10% of the entire paper is allowed for direct quotation. - Give due credit to the real source of your data. Cite the authors at the end of the sentence. How? - Paraphrase the data gathered using your own words and style - Summarize important points from your sources and relate them to your topic. - Reinforce your data with selected figures or statistics from your course. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2HQMQFm (by Jasper Obicp) 8 APPLICATION A. Direction: Classify the given sources found inside the box by filling in the table below. Write your answer in your notebook. Letters Almanacs Manuscripts Witness Textbook Reviews Encyclopedia Interviews Memorandum Commentaries Primary Sources Secondary Sources B. Direction: Write a review of related literature and related studies of the facts given below. Write your answer in your notebook. Related Literature Source: World Health Organization (WHO), Last updated October 7, 2020 https://www.who.int/philippines/emergencies/covid-19-response-in-the-philippines On 30 January2020, the Philippine Department of Health reported first case of COVID-19 in the country with a 38 year-old female Chinese national. On Marck 7, the first local transmission of COVID-19 was confirmed. WHO is working closely with the Department of Health in responding to the COVID-19 outbreak. 9 Related Study Source: SAGE Journals, Published October 28, 2020 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0885066620969132 SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin that has affected millions of people worldwide and is placing severe demands on intensive care resource utilization across the globe. The biology and natural history of COVID-19 is bacoming increasingly well-understood and should inform the approach to diagnostic testing, healthcare worker precautions and ICU triage. COVID-19 associated acute hypoxemic respiratory failure develops in a substantial fraction of affected patients and represents a form of ARDS, a finding consistent with what is now understood regarding the virology and pathophysiology od SARS- CoV-2. The keys to evidence-based management of COVID-19 therefore include lung-protective low-tidal volume ventilation, avoidance of barotrauma, a conservative fluid strategy and prone ventilation with utilization of inhaled pulmonary vasodilators, neuromascular blockade and ECMO when necessary. The lifestyle of SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on the host immune system suggest possible targets for therapy and to date, 2 such drugs are indicated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In time, we anticipate the continued development and adoption of additional targeted therapies which will help bring the pandemic under control. REFLECTION Direction: Complete the phrases below. Write your answer in your notebook. I have learned that___________________________________ __________________________________________________ I realized that _______________________________________ __________________________________________________ I will apply _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 10  II. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED POST TEST: Direction: Choose the correct answer and copy the letter and the content of your choice in your notebook. 1. Which of the following is not a primary source? A. Records C. textbooks B. Dairies D. eyewitness 2. Why does a researcher conduct review of literature? A. One is required by other researchers B. To familiarize oneself with the research topic C. To reproduce existing research D. One has to pay to review it 3. How recent must the year of publication be for the related literature or studies? A. 2-5 years ago C. 5-10 years ago B. 5 years ago D. 10-15 years ago 4. The review of related literature allows us to identify the questions that are still needed to be answered based on a research topic. Which of the following importance of review of related literature does this refer to? A. It guides the researcher in selecting a best research problem or topic. B. It helps the researcher in understanding the research better. C. It prevents from duplication of other studies. D. It provides the conceptual or theoretical framework of the planned research 5. Why is it important for a researcher to review the literature? A. To show the time he spent on the subject B. To know if one has done the work before C. To check if the same research work is done by other researchers D. To identify like-minded researchers 11  6. Which of the following is not a secondary source? A. book review C. commentary B. encyclopedia D. manuscript 7. These are investigations that have been conducted which are closely related to the present study. A. Related studies C. Research study B. Related literature D. Research problem 8. The review of related literature includes which of the following type of research sources? A. Primary source C. Online sources B. Secondary source D. All of the above 9. A review of related literature should include a material that is A. Directly related to your research question only B. Closely related to your research question only C. From any available discipline if relevant D. All of the above 10. The review of related literature prevents researchers to reiterate the discussions that had already been made by previous researchers. Which of the following importance of review of related literature does this refer to? A. It helps the researcher in understanding the research better. B. It prevents from duplication of other studies. C. It provides the conceptual or theoretical framework of the planned research D. It gives the researcher a feeling of confidence 11. Which of the following is not a step of conducting review of related literature? A. Visit the school library or other libraries in the vicinity. B. Take down notes on index card or research notebook. C. Do a computer-aided search through an electronic database. D. Ask for reprints from teachers 12. The review of related literature enables researchers to look through research instruments from previous research that can also be used to answer their own research questions. Which of the following importance of review of related literature does this refer to? A. It gives information of the details of the research methods used B. It gives information of the findings and conclusions of the previous investigations C. It gives information of the details of the research methods used D. It gives information of the findings and conclusions of the previous investigations 12 13. Which the following is not a characteristic of the review of related literature? A. The materials reviewed must be recent. B. Materials surveyed must be closely related to the present study C. Materials reviewed must be subjective and biased D. Surveyed materials must be based on the original data to make them valid and reliable. 14. Which of the following statements is not the purpose or importance of review of related literature or studies? A. Materials surveyed must be closely related to the present study. B. Prevents from duplication of other studies. C. Guides the researcher in selecting a good research problem or topic. D. Gives information of the findings and conclusions of the previous investigations 15. It is a discussion of facts and principles that is related to the present research study. A. Related studies C. Research study B. Related literature D. Research problem 13  REFERENCES Obicp, Jasper. Review of Related Literature. Published on November 28, 2011. https;//bitly/2HQMQFm. Malijan, Roqui. Related Literature and Studies. Published on November 18, 3013. https://bit.ly/2HDnuLn. Paimonte, Melinda M. Review of Related Literature and Studies. Published on July 12, 2011.https://bit.ly/3jHUFdF. 14 SYNOPSIS After going through this self- learning kit, you should be able to distinguish related literature and related studies, its characteristics, importance, and function. You should also be able to identify primary and secondary sources. ABOUT THE AUTHOR ANSWER KEY PRE-TEST 1. a CHE ISIDORE B. PARTOSA is a Grade 8 Math 2. b 3. d and Research teacher of Zamboanguita 4. d Science High School (ZSHS). He obtained his 5. a Bachelor of Secondary Education major in 6. b 7. c Mathematics at Negros Oriental State 8. c University (NORSU) year 2013 and completed his academic requirements with POST-TEST his Master of Arts in Mathematics Teaching 1. C of the same university. 2. B 3. C 4. A GERLIE T. CADUNGOG is a Grade 10 English 5. B and a Grade 8 Technical Writing teacher of 6. D 7. A Zamboanguita Science High School (ZSHS). 8. D She obtained her bachelor's degree at 9. D 10. B Negros Oriental State University (NORSU- 11. A Siaton Campus) with the degree of 12. C 13. C Bachelor of Secondary Education major in 14. A English and Literature in 2002. 15. B 15  DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Acting CID Chief ADOLF P. AGUILAR OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D. OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent ROSELA R. ABIERA Education Program Supervisor – (LRDMS) ARNOLD R. JUNGCO Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH) MARICEL S. RASID Librarian II (LRMDS) ELMAR L. CABRERA PDO II (LRMDS) CHE ISIDORE B. PARTOSA GERLIE T. CADUNGOG Writers KEENJI L. ARMENTANO Lay-out Artist _________________________________________________ BETA QA TEAM Ana Melissa T. Venido DISCLAIMER The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide to provide accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set of learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division. 16 17