Blood Flow & Cranial Nerves Study Tool PDF
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Southeast Missouri State University
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This document is a study guide on blood flow to the brain and cranial nerves. It includes information on major arteries, the circle of Willis, clinical relevance, and mnemonic devices to remember cranial nerves.
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Blood Flow to the Brain 1. Major Arteries Supplying the Brain: ○ Carotid Arteries: Internal Carotid Artery: Supplies anterior and middle portions of the brain. External Carotid Artery: Supplies face and sc...
Blood Flow to the Brain 1. Major Arteries Supplying the Brain: ○ Carotid Arteries: Internal Carotid Artery: Supplies anterior and middle portions of the brain. External Carotid Artery: Supplies face and scalp. ○ Vertebral Arteries: Join to form the Basilar Artery, supplying the brainstem and posterior brain. 2. Circle of Willis: ○ A network of arteries at the base of the brain providing collateral circulation. ○ Includes: Anterior Cerebral Arteries (connected by the anterior communicating artery) Middle Cerebral Arteries Posterior Cerebral Arteries (connected to the internal carotids via posterior communicating arteries) 3. Clinical Relevance: ○ Ischemic Stroke: Blockage in the blood supply (commonly middle cerebral artery). ○ Hemorrhagic Stroke: Rupture of a blood vessel. Cranial Nerves Mnemonic to Remember Cranial Nerves: Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables, AH! (Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal) 1. Cranial Nerve Functions: ○ Sensory, Motor, or Both: Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More (S = Sensory, M = Motor, B = Both) 2. Cranial Nerve Function S/M/B I. Olfactory Smell S II. Optic Vision S III. Oculomotor Eye movement, pupil constriction M IV. Trochlear Eye movement (superior oblique muscle) M V. Trigeminal Facial sensation, chewing B VI. Abducens Eye movement (lateral rectus muscle) M VII. Facial Facial expression, taste (anterior 2/3 of B tongue) VIII. Vestibulocochlear Hearing, balance S IX. Glossopharyngeal Taste (posterior 1/3), swallowing B X. Vagus Parasympathetic control (heart, lungs) B XI. Accessory Shoulder and neck movement M XII. Hypoglossal Tongue movement M 3. Testing Cranial Nerves: ○ I (Olfactory): Smell test (coffee, vanilla). ○ II (Optic): Visual acuity and field test. ○ III, IV, VI (Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens): Eye movement (H test). ○ V (Trigeminal): Facial sensation; clench jaw. ○ VII (Facial): Smile, raise eyebrows; taste test. ○ VIII (Vestibulocochlear): Hearing test, balance assessment. ○ IX, X (Glossopharyngeal, Vagus): Swallowing, gag reflex. ○ XI (Accessory): Shrug shoulders against resistance. ○ XII (Hypoglossal): Stick out tongue (check for symmetry).
