Podcast
Questions and Answers
IMRAD is an acronym for Introduction, Methods, Results, and ______
IMRAD is an acronym for Introduction, Methods, Results, and ______
Discussion
The Introduction section includes the Background of the Study, Objectives, Review of Related Literature, Framework of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study, and ______ of Terms.
The Introduction section includes the Background of the Study, Objectives, Review of Related Literature, Framework of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study, and ______ of Terms.
Definition
The Methods section includes the Research Design, Research Locale, Research Respondents, Data Collection Procedure, Research Instruments, Statistical Tools, and ______ Consideration.
The Methods section includes the Research Design, Research Locale, Research Respondents, Data Collection Procedure, Research Instruments, Statistical Tools, and ______ Consideration.
Ethical
The Results and Discussion section includes Results, Discussions, Conclusion, and ______.
The Results and Discussion section includes Results, Discussions, Conclusion, and ______.
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A background of the study without citations is just an '______ essay'.
A background of the study without citations is just an '______ essay'.
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The data collection procedure includes the proper ______ you will observe, like asking permission from authorities.
The data collection procedure includes the proper ______ you will observe, like asking permission from authorities.
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For qualitative research, the ______ guide is a tool used to gather data.
For qualitative research, the ______ guide is a tool used to gather data.
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______ analysis is a common method for analyzing data in qualitative research.
______ analysis is a common method for analyzing data in qualitative research.
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In research ethics, researchers must ensure ______ of information provided by participants.
In research ethics, researchers must ensure ______ of information provided by participants.
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The results can be presented through graphs or ______.
The results can be presented through graphs or ______.
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The framework of the study is considered the ______ and soul of the research.
The framework of the study is considered the ______ and soul of the research.
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For qualitative research, a ______ diagram is used to represent the study's framework.
For qualitative research, a ______ diagram is used to represent the study's framework.
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A 'statement of the problem' is a term used in ______ research.
A 'statement of the problem' is a term used in ______ research.
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For qualitative research, open-ended ______ questions are formulated.
For qualitative research, open-ended ______ questions are formulated.
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The significance of the study describes who will ______ from the results.
The significance of the study describes who will ______ from the results.
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The definition of terms should be ______ or how the term is used in the study.
The definition of terms should be ______ or how the term is used in the study.
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The research design section discusses the major approach used, whether qualitative, ______, or mixed.
The research design section discusses the major approach used, whether qualitative, ______, or mixed.
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The term 'research ______' is used for those answering questionnaires in quantitative research.
The term 'research ______' is used for those answering questionnaires in quantitative research.
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Study Notes
IMRAD Research Format
- IMRAD is an acronym for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
- Appendices typically include references (using APA style), communications, questionnaires, modules, interview guides, and informed consent forms.
Introduction
- Background of the Study: Includes the problem, focus, or issue being studied; a rationale for the topic; and supporting quotes from literature. A background without citations is merely an opinion essay.
- Objectives: Define the study's focus and what will be achieved—closely related to the problem statement.
- Review of Related Literature: Includes literature, research, and articles relevant to the topic. Should include at least 4 sources. Relevance to the study is crucial.
- Framework of the Study (Conceptual or Theoretical Framework): This is the core of the research. Choose between a concept or a theory. Concepts are abstract ideas while theories are long-standing philosophies or principles from experts. Show a paradigm for quantitative research and a schematic diagram for qualitative research.
- Statement of the Problem/Research Questions: Quantitative studies use a statement of the problem, highlighting variables. Qualitative studies use open-ended research questions. Both should relate to the research objectives.
- Significance of the Study: Identifies the beneficiaries (people or organizations) and the benefits they will receive, ranked from greatest to least benefit.
- Definition of Terms: Defines key terms used in the study, including operational definitions ("how" the term is used). May combine both lexical and operational definitions.
Methods
- Research Design: Describe the overall design used (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods). Detail the major approach and specify the design in the study (e.g., correlational for quantitative, phenomenological for qualitative).
- Research Locale: Describe the location of the study. Explain why that locale was selected for the study (optional). Include a location map if desired.
- Research Respondents/Participants: Identify the participants or respondents (who will answer questionnaires/questions) and the rationale for selecting them. Specify the sampling technique used. Quantitative research uses respondents; qualitative research uses participants.
- Data Collection Procedure: Describe the data collection process. Mention any protocols or permissions needed from authorities.
- Research Instruments: Describe the specific instruments used (questionnaires or interview guides). State whether they are researcher-made or standardized.
- Statistical Tools/Data Analysis: For quantitative research, specify the statistical tools used to analyze data. For qualitative research, explain the analysis methods used (content analysis is a frequent choice).
- Ethical Considerations: Qualitative research should address ethical concerns, including obtaining letter of endorsement from authorities. Participants must be informed and provided with confidentiality/anonymity. Researchers must give feedback about results.
Results and Discussion
- Results: Present the results based on gathered data. Use graphs and tables to visually present data, if appropriate.
- Discussion: Analyze results in relation to other research findings and theoretical frameworks. Draw conclusions and implications.
- Recommendations: Offer insightful recommendations based on identified lapses/areas for improvement found in the results of the study.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components of the IMRAD research format, including Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections. Learn about how to structure your research, define objectives, and review related literature effectively.
