4.01 Eukaryotic Cells Part 1 PDF
Document Details
Tags
Summary
This document provides an overview of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It details the differences and similarities between the two types of cells, and also covers the various components of the eukaryotic cell. The document also includes an explanation of what constitutes a eukaryote.
Full Transcript
4.01 Eukaryotic Cells Part 1 Differences Between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes You should remember the following differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes… Have organelles Replicate by Mitosis/Meiosis Have both linear (in nucleus) and...
4.01 Eukaryotic Cells Part 1 Differences Between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes You should remember the following differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes… Have organelles Replicate by Mitosis/Meiosis Have both linear (in nucleus) and circular (in mitochondria and chloroplast) DNA Are roughly between 1-100um (some can get a lot larger : however) Have histones and chromatin Have the Na+/K+ pump Use the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain in cellular respiration Prokaryotes Have no membrane bound organelles Replicate via binary fission Have circular DNA Are roughly between 0.2-2um Have nucleoid proteins Have the H+ Pump (proton pump) Can have capsules Similarities Between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Of course, there are many things which eukaryotes and prokaryotes share with each other Eukaryotes… Have ribosomes (80s + 70s) Have a cytoplasm Have a plasma membrane Have DNA/RNA Can have Flagella Have a cytoskeleton Can have a cell wall Plants: made from cellulose Fungi: made from chitin : Perform glycolysis Prokaryotes… Have ribosomes (only 70s) Have a cytoplasm Have a plasma membrane Have DNA/RNA Can have flagella Have a cytoskeleton Can have a cell wall: made from peptidoglycan Perform glycolysis What Counts as a Eukaryote? In the IMAT you need to be able to identify a cell as a eukaryote or prokaryote. Eukaryotes come in 4 major kingdoms… 1. Animals: Humans, mammals, reptiles, fish, sponges, crustaceans etc 2. Plants: Trees, ferns, shrubs, mosses etc 3. Fungi: Mushrooms, yeasts, moulds etc 4. Protists: Amoebas, slime moulds, algae Knowing what counts as a eukaryote will help you if the IMAT gives you a cell by name and asks certain questions about it. The Nucleus We can separate the nucleus into a few components… The Nucleolus Contains: Protein, rRNA, DNA Role: 80s ribosome synthesis : The Nuclear Envelope Contains: Phospholipids, protein (nuclear pores) Role: Separates nucleus from cytoplasm The Nuclear Pores (on the nuclear envelope) Contains: Protein Role: Passage of certain molecules 1. In: Proteins, Ions 2. Out: Ribosomes (rRNA, Protein), mRNA, tRNA, Ions Chromatin Contains: DNA, Proteins (Histones) 1. Euchromatin: Transcribable 2. Heterochromatin: Non-transcribable Role: 1. Packages DNA 2. Gene Regulation :
