4.01 Eukaryotic Cells Part 1

Questions and Answers

Which of the following options correctly describes eukaryotes?

Replicate via binary fission

Use the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration (correct)

Have organelles (correct)

Have circular DNA

Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.

True

What is one key difference in DNA structure between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes have both linear and circular DNA, while prokaryotes have only circular DNA.

Which of the following kingdoms are eukaryotes classified into?

Plants Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotes replicate via _______.

binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the nucleus?

Nucleolus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, and chromatin. Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.

False Signup and view all the answers

Plants have a cell wall made from _______.

cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ribosomes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotes have both 80s and 70s ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Differences Between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes possess membrane-bound organelles.
Cell replication in eukaryotes occurs through mitosis and meiosis.
Eukaryotic DNA is organized as both linear (in the nucleus) and circular (in mitochondria and chloroplasts).
Eukaryotic cells typically range from 1-100 µm, with some larger exceptions.
Histones and chromatin are present in eukaryotes, aiding in DNA packaging and regulation.
Eukaryotes utilize the Na+/K+ pump for ion transport.
Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.

Prokaryotic Characteristics

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.
They replicate via binary fission.
Prokaryotic DNA is exclusively circular.
Sizes of prokaryotic cells range from 0.2-2 µm.
Nucleoid proteins are present instead of histones.
Prokaryotes utilize the H+ pump (proton pump) for energy.
Some prokaryotes possess capsules for protection.

Similarities Between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Both cell types contain ribosomes, although eukaryotic ribosomes are 80s and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s.
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have a cytoplasm and plasma membrane.
Both utilize DNA and RNA for genetic material.
Flagella may be present in both types of cells for motility.
Each cell type has a cytoskeleton that helps maintain structure.
Both can possess a cell wall, with eukaryotic plants having cellulose, fungi having chitin, and prokaryotes having peptidoglycan.
Glycolysis occurs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes as part of energy production.

Major Kingdoms of Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes are classified into four main kingdoms:
- Animalia: Includes humans, mammals, reptiles, fish, sponges, and crustaceans.
- Plantae: Includes trees, ferns, shrubs, and mosses.
- Fungi: Includes mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.
- Protista: Includes amoebas, slime molds, and algae.

Components of the Nucleus

Nucleolus:
- Contains protein, rRNA, and DNA.
- Responsible for the synthesis of 80s ribosomes.
Nuclear Envelope:
- Composed of phospholipids and proteins, including nuclear pores.
- Functions to separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
Nuclear Pores:
- Proteins that regulate the passage of molecules.
- Allow entry of proteins and ions, and exit of ribosomes (rRNA and protein), mRNA, tRNA, and ions.
Chromatin:
- Composed of DNA and proteins (histones).
- Divided into euchromatin (transcribable) and heterochromatin (non-transcribable).
- Functions to package DNA and regulate gene expression.

Description

This quiz focuses on the key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It covers aspects such as organelles, DNA structure, replication methods, and cellular sizes. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological concepts.