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## Blood Types ### Chemical Substances - Chemical substances called antigens and antibodies are responsible for blood types - Antigens are located in the plasma membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) - Antibodies are in the blood plasma ### Blood Type Compatibility - Humans have different combinations...
## Blood Types ### Chemical Substances - Chemical substances called antigens and antibodies are responsible for blood types - Antigens are located in the plasma membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) - Antibodies are in the blood plasma ### Blood Type Compatibility - Humans have different combinations of antigens and antibodies - Blood types must be compatible with each other - The blood group a person belongs to depends on what they inherit from their parents ### Blood Type O - Blood type O is considered the universal donor - People with blood type O can donate to people with blood types A, B or AB - People with blood type O can only receive blood from other people with blood type O ### Blood Type AB - Blood type AB is considered the universal recipient - People with blood type AB can receive blood from people with blood types A, B, or O ### The Rh Factor - The Rh factor is the second most significant blood group - The Rh factor consists of 50 antigens - The most common antigen is D - Antigens for the Rh factor are located in the plasma membrane of RBCs ### Rh Positive and Rh Negative - People with the Rh factor present are Rh+ - People without the Rh factor present are Rh- - People with Rh+ blood can develop Rh antibodies in their plasma if they receive blood from someone with Rh- blood - People with Rh- blood can receive blood from someone with Rh+ blood without any problem, but they cannot receive blood from someone with Rh- blood because Rh antibodies can develop in the plasma ### Trivia - A group led by Henrik Clausen at the University of Copenhagen discovered a bacterial enzyme that can convert red blood cells with types A, B and AB into O - This bacterial enzyme removes the identifying antigens from the plasma membranes of RBCs
