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An Introduction to Painting PAINTING A BRIEF HISTORY BEGINNINGS Cave Paintings: Outlines of everyday made from the Earth. Egyptian Artists: New colors invented (greens & blu...
An Introduction to Painting PAINTING A BRIEF HISTORY BEGINNINGS Cave Paintings: Outlines of everyday made from the Earth. Egyptian Artists: New colors invented (greens & blues) on Papyrus. Medieval times: Illuminated manuscripts were developed on parchment & vellum. Brushes were made of natural hair. Tempera Paint was used. Renaissance: Fresco was used heavily before the invention of oil & varnishes. Canvas also began being used heavily. BEGINNINGS Impressionism / 19th century – saw the introduction of collapsible tube paints and newer colors. Allowed artists to move out of the studio. “en plein air” 20th century – Smooth flat colors. Collage was added. PAINTING TYPES OF PAINT(ING) Painting Types of paint: 1.Tempera 2.Oil (Oil Pastel) 3.Watercolor 4.Gouache 5.Acrylic 6.Encaustic 7.Casein *BOLD – ones we use! Tempera Water based, egg binder, used prior to 1400’s, colors cannot be mixed, narrow range, fast-drying http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/t/tempera.html Oil Paint Easily mixed, more permanent, used after 1400, slow-drying, can be used in thin layers called glazes or in thick lumps to make an impasto surface. Watercolor (Aquarelle) Most common water-based paint, transparent. White paint is seldom used to lighten paint (water is used ) Light colors are applied first, then dark, working from background to foreground. http:// www.artlex.com/ ArtLex/wxyz/ watercolor.html Gouache Water-based opaque paint, it has more body and dries more slowly than watercolor. Similar to tempera. http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/g/gouache.html Acrylic Paint Synthetic paint with plastic binder Recent (20th century), versatile, similar to oil but dries faster, not as shiny http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/acrylicpaints.html Encaustic Ancient process of mixing pigments with wax, and then ironing the mixture to a surface. http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/e/encaustic.html Casein Painting Uses milk protein as a binder, glue-like consistency Too brittle to be used on canvas. http://www.sinopia.com/casein.html Fresco Mixing pigments with plaster (walls, ceilings) Buon “true” Fresco: paint is bound in the wet plaster Fresco secco: paint is applied to dry plaster. http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/fresco.html PAINTING PAINT MATERIAL BREAKDOWN Paint Break-down Paint is composed of three materials: o Pigment o Binder o Vehicle (Solvent) Pigment Natural or synthetic colored materials finely ground into a powder. Clay, gemstones, minerals, plants, insects http://webexhibits.org/pigments/ Binder Holds the pigment together and adheres the paint to a surface. Examples include: Egg yolks, linseed oil, wax Vehicle (Solvent) Is added to thin or thicken paint, slow or speed up its drying time. Examples include: Water or oil. PAINTING PAINT SUPPLIES BRUSHES You’ve heard of the bristles, ferrule & handle. Don’t forget the: » Toe » Belly » Heel BRUSH FIBERS Synthetic: Nylon White Synthetic Sable 8 MAIN (ACRYLIC) BRUSH SHAPES BRUSH SHAPE Angular – For precise strokes and for lines & curves. Reach small areas with the toe & fill corners. Bright – For short, controlled strokes. Better for working up close rather than further away from your ground. BRUSH SHAPE Fan – Useful for smoothing, blending, & feathering; special effects and textures. Filbert (Oval) – Blending; combination of rounds (details) & flats (over more space). BRUSH SHAPE Flat – Use for bold, sweeping strokes or on edge for fine lines. Provides lots of coverage and easy maneuverability. Ideal for Impasto & Varnishing. All media. Round – Sketching, outlining, detailed work, controlled washes, filling in small areas. All media. BRUSH SHAPE Pointed Round – Fine detailing & lines, delicate areas, spotting and retouching. All media. Detail Round – Details & short strokes. BRUSH SHAPE What about EGBERT? Egbert – Soft, rounded edges, blending, figurative work. Oil and acrylic. OTHER SUPPLIES Palette & Painting Knives. PAINTING SURFACES FOR PAINTING Painting Surfaces Canvas Impermanent Materials Hardwood Panels Paper Hardboard Panels – Acrylic Paper – Watercolor Paper Metals – Other Papers Plastics Hardwood Panels Hardwood Panels – Oak – Birch – Mahogany PROS: Long lasting – Walnut CONS: Very heavy & expensive. Hardboard Panels As referred to as Masonite. Made from a mixture of wood PROS: Cheap & Durable. fibers through a heat/pressure CONS: Can bend & warp process. over time. Hardboard Panels MDF board is a more recent hardboard. Stands for PROS: Cheap, Durable & Medium-Density Long-lasting. Fiberboard (MDF). CONS: Toxic due to the resin used to make it. Metal & Plastics PROS: New look; Experimentation. CONS: Needs to be sanded first to give tooth and remove “shiny.” *Must have something to grip to. Impermanent Materials Cardboard Construction Paper Tissue Paper PROS: New look Newsprint. CONS: Not acid-free and will begin to turn yellow and brittle soon. Needs varnish. Paper Acrylic Paper Watercolor Paper – Artists’ grade – Students’ grade PROS: Durable & Strong. Bark papers (Homemade) CONS: If not preserved properly then it will not last. Canvas Either linen or cotton. Fibers glued to a panel or stretched over a frame. PROS: Versatility. Each fiber contains different textures or CONS: Expensive weights. Canvas Texture = the weave. – Finely woven = smooth – Loosely woven = rough Linen is the best and Weight = thread density. most expensive, but – Higher the weight, the will last the longest. better quality. Canvas Stretched Canvas Canvas Rolls Canvas Panels Canvas Pads PAINTING PRIMER / GESSO Primer / Gesso Primer is a type of “ground.” Primer allows paint to adhere to a surface by making it more absorbent and providing tooth for the paint to grip. Acrylic primer is often called “gesso.” Traditional gesso is made from animal glue & chalk. PAINTING VARNISHES Varnishes Applied as a finish protective Three Main Types: coating to a Gloss, Matte, & Satin. painting. Protects from Two Different Formulations: dust, UV rays, Resin & Polymer humidity, scuffing and yellowing.
