Art Appreciation PDF

Painting Pre-historic painting - Animal spear and rudimentary materials-utilized - Caves, stones and earth filled ground- drawn - Heavily with hunting and employed stylistic treatment-dealt Prehistoric painting 4 period - Formative or Pre-Greek painting -- motif sea and nature - Fir...

Painting Pre-historic painting - Animal spear and rudimentary materials-utilized - Caves, stones and earth filled ground- drawn - Heavily with hunting and employed stylistic treatment-dealt Prehistoric painting 4 period - Formative or Pre-Greek painting -- motif sea and nature - First Greek period- Largely European influence. - Golden Age (480-400 BC)- aesthetic ideal- human character as an divine expression. - The Hellenistic Period (4^th^ century- 1^st^ BC)- individualism featured tragic mood and contorted faces. Pre-historic Greek painting- subject matters- young wide males,draped female, wounded soldiers, and scenes from everyday life Pre-historic Roman Painting- composed in two periods - Estrucan Period (2000-1000 BC) ancestors, catacombs and sacrophages. - Roman period(2000BC-400AD) commemorative statues,sacrophages and designs with vine motifs Pre-historic Roman Painting- cult of ancestors and defied emperors Painting in the Medieval Period- three art classifications - Early Chistian Art- symbols, fish lambs, alpha and omega. Triumphal wreaths, grapes, doves and peacocks. Hallowed Christ Saints and martyrs and the virgin Mary began to appear in painting at the later time its spiritual expression took presidents over physical beauty. - Byzantine Art- Christ as the Creator and Mary the Mother of God (Frescos in Nerezi near Skopji, 1164 ) Giotto and other proto {high tragedy, humanity and homespun realism} - Gothic art- Gothic Art was religious, grotesque, and calmer and plastic in style (Madonna and Child by Franco-Flemish School- gazing into each other eyes in playful mood as an example of this style ) Madonna con Bambino. **Painting in Renaissance divided into 3 periods** - Early renaissance(14^th^ century to 15^th^ century)- emphasis simplicity,gesture,and expresson. Depicted man and nature in fresco technique. - High Renaissance (16^th^ century)- center {Florence, Venice and Rome} painting style consists of pictorial space, making the sky more dramatic with dark cloud and flashes of light (ex. BAPTISM OF CHRIST BY Andrea del Verrochino with Leonardo) - Mannerism Period- human period was mandered through the used of oil paints of sumptuous, warm and sensual colors.(The creation of Adam by Michelangelo) - Famous painter in this period were Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo **Painting in the Baroque Period- ornate and fantastic, emotion, are sensual and high decorative, make use of light and shadow to produce dramatic effects, show figures in diagonal twist and zigzag.** Famous painters (Peter Paul Rubens,Rembrandt, El Greco,) Example: Anatomy Lesson of DR. Niolaes Tulp by Rembrandt van Rijn Rococo Painting- emphasis voluptuousness and picturesque and intimate presentation of farm and country Rococo Art technique made us of soft pastel, redering the landscape smoking and hazy with subject always in the center of canvas. Famous Rococo Art painters were (Jehn-Antoine Wattaeu, Jean-Honore Fragonard, Francois Boucher, William Hogarth, Joshua Reynolds ) The Embarkation for Cythera by the French painter Jean-Antoine Watteau. Romantic Painting- delved on the reactions to past events, landscapes and people. (ex. Manuel Osorio de Zuniga by the Spanish Artist Francisco Goya) Painting is richer than Rococo 19^th^ Century Painting (Modern Art)- was aimed to please public - Impressionism- Paul Cezanne (greatest impressionist the father of modern art) - Achievement of simplicity, brilliance, perfect balance. brightness of colors and sense of depth in art {ex. Still Life with Peppermint Bottle 1890-94} by Paul Cezanne Expressionism Vincent van Gogh is regarded as the father of Expressionism. He used bright colors pure mixed color mixed on pallete but applied to canvas in small dots or stroke relying on the beholders eyes to see them together. (Tahiti women by Paul Gauguin and Starry night by Vincent van Gogh ) ***Sculpture*** Sculpture- art form which include modeling Modeling- refers to the technique by which a material is formed and shaped into a single mass or a block material having tri- dimensional form **Pre-historic Sculpture- rude forms carved in wood and stones.** **Created to commemorate heroes and heroines and perpetuate the memory of men.** **EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE- consits of 4 periods** First Dynasty Period- 5000 years ago, sun, moon, stars, and sacred animals were common subjects of this period. Old Kingdom Period- Portrait Sculpture was emphasize- five life structures existed in every home. Statues were single figures or in family groups. Middle Kingdom Period- Faces statue made during this period depicted in individual moods but their bodies were still rigid and straight in posture. New kingdom Period -- Vigorous looking, depicted in usual poses walking, dancing, and bending. Figures showed dignity and serenity. Egyptian Sculpture example (Great Sphinx of Giza) **GREEK SCULPTURE- 3 periods** The Daedalic Period- Marble was heavily used as material. Nude male statues were usually produced Classical Age- Golden Age(Age of Pericles in Greece) Temples of GOD and GODDESSES were adorned with sculptured figures. Many statues depicted young victors of Greek games and athletic contests. (The human body and with all of its beauty and splendor was the emphasis of art in this period, male figures were always naked women figures were fully draped ) Later Greek Period- Male and female figures were shown with very little or no clothing at all (ex. Venus de Milo by Alexandros of Antioch) **Roman Sculpture- Pre-historic Roman Sculpture portrayed famous men and women with bust forms, personalities were represented as if in real life, including their individual imperfections (ex.** Augustine of Prima Porta, early 1^st^ century Tyler Bell via flicker **)** **BYZANTINE SCULPTURE- CLASSIFIED BY TWO** - **Early byzantine Sculpture- no statues can be seem in churches and basilicas only symbols or signs as mosaic (ex. Fish symbolized Christ; hand protruding from the clouds symbolized God.)** - **Later Byzantine Sculpture- Statues replaced mosaic symbols and signs. Biblical symbols staues adorn churches, basilicas and even homes. (these statues are tall, dignified, straight, exquisitely carved sometimes covered with jewels)** **THE ROMANESQUE SCULPTURE-** gaves prominace to biblical characters and human figures as subject, Carved in statues or in reliefs with the bodies fully clothed flat and elongated and the faces graved and remote. (Draper leaves were usually swirled in whirlpool patterns around this figures, art of churches were with zigzag and geometric design) **Portico da Gloria, Santiago Cathedral.** The once common to much Romanesque sculpture has preserved **Gothic Sculpture- given with a natural and life-like look, both in bodies and facial expressions (they wore garments to give the impression of real bodies.)** **{ex. An unknown emperor Charles the great and saint-Dennis of Paris between two angels}** Renaissance Sculpture three periods 1. Early Renaissance Period- great and detailed attention was given to anatomical shapes, proportions, and perspective to indicate more scientific attitude towards art. 2. Middle Renaissance Period- By the end of the 15^th^ century, sculpture became more secular than religious. Palaces were adorned with sculpture cast in bronze 3. Later Part of the Renaissance- subject matter(legends and myths of Greece and Rome) The artist were given complete freedom on their choice of subject. {Michelangelo's David} **BAROQUE SCULPTURE** **STATED IN 17CENTURY (IT DEPICTED THE BEAUTY OF ART AND STRESSED ON THE EXPRESSION OF EMOTION)** **THE WORKS OF Gian Lorenzo Bermini and La Piedad of Gregorio Fernandez a famous Spanish sculptor, were representative of Baroque sculpture** La Piedad by Gegorio Fernandez ROCOCO SCULPTURE 4. HIGHLY ORNATE THE EXQUISITE, DESIGNED PURELY FOR ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES 5. THIS ART APPEARED LARGELY IN FURNITURE, PANELS, VASES AND URNS (ROCOCO SCULPTURE WAS FIRST USED IN THE COURT OF TH FRENCH King Louis XV) 6. {ex. Appolo with the medallion of Emperor Josef II, by Jacob Gabirel Muller} 19^th^ Century Sculpture (two schools in this period: Neoclassicism and romantic realism) Neo-classical school- depicted perfect human anatomy endowed with a calm, reflective look. Romantic Realistic Schools-depicted realistic figures with psychological attitudes of the French revolution sculptor in the 19^th^ century was Auguste Rodin.{ex. The thinker by Auguste Rodin} 20^th^ Century mainly concerned with the human body Pablo Picasso- Father of Abstract sculpture and Juluo Gonzalez- advocated a regeneration of plastic shapes through geometric organization of the human body.{Monsieur Cactus by Julio Gonzales} Nuclear Energy by HENRY MOORE (henry moore ad his associates depicted anxiety and terror in their sculpture Through the form, the sculptor's view of life shown) Man Pointing by ALBERTO GIACOMETTI (Alberto Giacometti carved a figure endowed with either action or felling by using thinned out matter rising upward in empty space- the expression of being lost in finite nothingless) In 1910, a sculpture geometric shapes emerged. This lead to a new tool in sculpturw- the blow torcg Through the presentation of marred and tangles shaoes, contemporary sculpture showed fear and terror THE ARTIST MEDIUM Medium- material used Technique- controls the medium to achieve desired effect Combined Arts- Can both seen and heard, exist in both space and time Painting- creating meaningful effect on a flat surface by the used of pigments Architecture-designing and constructing a structure Sculpture- construction of figure by putting together module segments of the materials Medium and Technique Mediums- came from the latin word medium means by which artist communicates ideas (materials used to interpret artist feelings or thoughts) Primarily classified as *Visual (medium can be seen and occupy space) and Auditory (mediums can be heard and expressed in time)* - Stone- the hard brittle substance formed from mineral and earth materials - Jade- a fine stone, usually colored green and used widely in ancient China - Ivory- main parts of tusks of elephants, the hard white substance used to make cravings and billiard balls. - Metals- any class of elementary substances such as gold, silver, or copper, all of which are crystalline when solid - Plaster- composed of lime, sand and water. Armature of metal wires and rods in addition to various material viber - Clay- natural earthy material that is plastic when wet, consists essentially of hydrated silicates of aluminum and is used for making bricks ceramics. - Glass- hard, brittle non-crystalline, more or less transparent substances produced by fussion, usually consisting of mutually dissolved silica and silicates and contain soda and lime. - Wood- easier to crave than any other mediums available it can be subjected into variety of treatment. - **Physical** - **Emotional** - **Intellectual** - **Psychological** Long vocal forms- - Opera- drama set to music with action, costume and scenery. Consist of overture, arias, recitative, ensembles and color - Cantata- story told in music without action(smaller version of oratorio and may be secular or religious.) - Oratorio- biblical stories contemplative characters, performed in concert style without costume, scenery or action - Moro-moro, Philippine drama depicts Christians and non- Christian conflicts - Zarzuela- similar to opera Short vocal forms - Folk songs, art songs, kundiman, balitaw, danza habanera, anthem, otet, madrigal, ballad, chorale, round/cannon, area