PSIRA Grade "E" Presentation for DRC Managers - Jan-Feb 2024 - PDF

PSIRA SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING INTERVENTION FOR DRC MANAGERS: PRETORIA: 15 JANUARY - 3 FEBRUARY 2024. PSIRA GRADE “E” PRESENTATION MODULE 1 PERSONAL HYGIENE AND GENERAL APPEARANCE PERSONAL HYGIENE AND GENERAL APPEARANCE The human body is a complex “machine” that need to be looked after with care. The way you treat your body will have a direct bearing on your personal appearance and your work performance. AIM Is to stress the importance of the prevention and control of diseases among members and individuals of the work force, for the maintenance and preservation of health and physical fitness. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS ROOMS: Keep your room and it’s surroundings neat, clean and tidy. THE SKIN: The skin is a protective covering which needs exercise to get rid of waste products and must be kept clean. HANDS: Must be washed before meals and handling food. NAILS: Should be kept short and clean. Millions of germs can be carried in the dirt under fingernails. CARE OF FEET: Washing and drying of the feet is very important and it must be kept fit for marching and patrolling. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS (Cont.) CARE OF TEETH: Must be brushed at least twice a day. Use a good tooth brush and good tooth paste to prevent germs that accumulate between the teeth. THE HEAD: Hair should be kept short and clean. The use of hair cream blocks the pores of the skin which can result in sores and pimples. CLOTHING: Perspiration, dirt and waste matters including germs from the skin are absorbed into clothing and it must thus be kept clean. To portray a good image to the public, your clothes must at all times look neat. FRESH AIR A well ventilated room prevents stuffiness and eliminates unpleasant smells. Droplet infection can be prevented by: a) Spacing beds. b) Prevention of overcrowding. c) Holding a handkerchief in front of one’s mouth. MINDS AND HABITS A clean mind prevents immoral infections and unnatural sexual practices. Morality is a principle of distinguishing between right and wrong SMOKING Smoking is harmful to yourselves and others who don’t smoke. Spitting in public should be avoided at all times, spitting spread diseases. EXERCISE Walking, climbing, riding, running or other form of exercise has healthy effects on the body. Practice it regularly!! REST Rest enables the body to supply fresh nutritive material. And it allows the process of digestion to take place to renew one’s energy. SLEEP Sleep is necessary to replace and repair physical and mental tissues. Sleep and rest enough between shifts. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS To perform one’s work effectively and efficiently you need to keep yourself physically and mentally fit. A clean smart appearance promotes good relations and respect from others. REMEMBER Care of one’s body is promoted by means of washing it daily and washing one’s clothing on a regular basis. Use soap and anti- perspirants to smell fresh and likeable. Questions ? MODULE 2 BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AIM At the end of this lesson the Grade E student will know and understand the various categories of symbolic safety signs and the meanings thereof. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this module is not to transform you from a security officer into a safety officer. Occupational Safety is a specialized field, as is security but there are certain areas of the two fields that overlap and these are the areas that we will deal with. The security officer of today is charged with the protection of a companies premises as a whole. Although this mainly involves the protection of its assets against theft, sabotage, malicious damage to property, riots etc., the security guard must, if he is to keep pace with change, also include some aspects of occupational safety into his portfolio. SYMBOLIC SAFETY SIGNS Symbolic safety signs are universally accepted pictograms that inform persons of dangerous situations that may exist. The reason for making use of these symbolic safety signs are so that any person, irrespective of the language he speaks or what level of literacy he has, is able to understand the meaning of the various safety signs. SYMBOLIC SAFETY SIGNS (Cont.) Symbolic safety signs consists of three parts, i.e. 1. Shape 2. Colour 3. Pictogram It serves as symbol and is divided into five different categories. 1. General Information A square shape with a green background and a white pictogram. This category of symbolic safety signs provide a person with general information regarding a premises. Included are Directional arrows , Emergency Exit and First Aid signs. 2. Fire Information A square shape with a white background, a red border and a red pictogram. This category of symbolic safety signs gives us information regarding the location and type of fire fighting equipment on a premises. 3. Warning information A triangular shape with a black border, a yellow background and a black pictogram. These signs act as a warning to dangerous situations on a premises. It is important to know these signs in order that you do not endanger yourself when you are on patrol and to prevent accidents from taking place. 4. Prohibitory A information circular shape with a red border, white background and a black pictogram. These signs prohibit us from performing certain activities in certain areas. You must obey these signs at all times and report any employee you see disregarding these signs. Whoever ignore the sign should be reported. 5. Mandatory information A circular shape with a blue background and a white pictogram. These signs are enacted by law and must be obeyed at all times. They deal mainly with protective clothing and in order to safeguard yourself you must know and understand the meaning of all these signs so that you do not expose yourself to dangerous substances whilst you are on patrol. It is also of utmost importance for a security officer to report to management any person who fails to wear the protective clothing as indicated on the signs. Dangers of smoking in a non- smoking area.. Where non-smoking signs are displayed it is important to obey these signs at all times. Disobeying these signs could lead to the following problems:  Fire could be caused in a flammable area because of vapour, i.e. LPG (Liquid petroleum gas)  Explosions could be caused in flammable areas because of vapours and other substances suspended on air.  Smoking is dangerous in bulk storage areas such as paper, wood, plastic and near petrol pumps, gas bottles and any Dangers of smoking in a non- smoking area. The benefits of having security personnel who are safety orientated are enormous and can only contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the high standards required by the security profession today. SYMBOLIC SAFETY SIGNS WARNING INFORMATION Warning of fire hazard Warning of explosion hazard Warning of poisonous substance hazard PROHIBITORY Fire and open flames prohibited Drinking of this water prohibited Cycling prohibited Dogs prohibited Tractors & forklifts prohibited beyond this point MANDATORY Eye protection shall be worn Head protection shall be worn Respiratory protection shall be worn Hand protection shall be worn Ear protection shall be worn GENERAL INFORMATION First-aid equipment Eye wash (cleansing lotion for a person’s eye) General direction Safety shower(fire sprinklers) Direction to escape route Stairs going up FIRE INFORMATION Fire hose Fire extinguisher Fire telephone. Only used to alert fire Dept. Fire hydrant. A water pipe with a nozzle to attach fire hose Conclusion As can be seen a security officer has a very important role to play in the identification, reporting and prevention of unsafe acts and conditions. For his own safety and that of others it is important that the security officer knows and understands the meaning of symbolic safety signs. A security officer could save a company thousands of Rand/Dollars if he reports unsafe acts and conditions before it results in an accident. Question s ? MODULE 3: BASIC PUBLIC RELATIONS DEFINE PUBLIC RELATIONS It is the relationship between an organisation and the public. AIM Is to give the student a broad understanding of the meaning of the term Public Relations and the need for the promotion of good public relations INTRODUCTION Public relations is measured by public opinion. It is the attitudes and viewpoints others have of a company or the security profession. Public relations is people oriented and it is how we project ourselves, our company and the profession to others that determines in great part, the image. The objective of public relations is to foster and maintain a positive public image. Effective public relations requires a high degree of understanding and good will and is something that has to be worked at constantly. INTERNAL PUBLIC RELATIONS Public relations is mainly the image that is portrayed by members of the security officers. It stands to reason that in order to project a good image, members of the security department must be proud of their position and their profession. We cannot assume that employees outside of the security department understand and appreciate what security does on their behalf. If they speak positively about the company and the security operations DEALING WITH THE PUBLIC Most people will respond favorably to anyone who is calm and polite in their communication process. Even someone who has a complaint finds it difficult to be abusive to someone who refuses to respond negatively. A security officer must always be tactful when dealing with others. As a symbol of authority the security officer must enforce the rules and regulations of a company and at the same time be diplomatic in his INTERNAL PUBLIC RELATIONS On the other hand if a security officer speaks negatively about the company and security department, then those hearing these comments will probably develop a similar negative sentiment (Feeling or view). Once a negative sentiment has developed, it is very difficult to change and it is every security officers duty to challenge and counteract negative criticism of the security department. INTERNAL PUBLIC RELATIONS If they speak positively about the company and security operations , a favorable image will be portrayed to this group. DEALING WITH THE PUBLIC Often the security officer is the first person seen when entering a company’s premises, If the visitor see’s the security personnel in a sloppy, dirty and incomplete uniform, then the first impression of the company and security department will be poor. DEALING WITH THE PUBLIC  A favorable impression will be created if the security officer:  is smartly dressed  has a professional attitude  communicates effectively  shows concern  demonstrate good manners DEALING WITH THE PUBLIC (Cont.) All security personnel owe it to themselves to be proud of what they do. This pride can be shown in their personal appearance, in their enthusiasm for performing their assignments, and in a sense of accomplishment for a job well done. If a positive attitude prevails within the security department, it will carry over to all those who come into contact with them. Most people will accept a security officers request for identification in a positive way if politely asked. On the other hand a sharp tone and superior attitude will most probably generate resentment and even contempt PRACTICAL EXERCISE A maintenance electrician is called out at night to do some repair work in a plant. As he approaches the security check point he greets the security officer on duty but fails to produce his identity card even though there is a large sign board instructing him to do so. The officer could say: “Can’t any of you maintenance guys read? Where is your ID card?” Or he could say, after returning the electricians greeting, “I am sorry sir but it is company policy that all persons entering the premises must present their ID card to the security staff on duty before entry is permitted ”. In both instances the electrician will be compelled to produce his identity card. PRACTICAL EXERCISE (Cont.) In the second instance the officer’s tact allows the electrician to produce his ID card without losing face. The officer’s approach in the first instance will probably result in an equally disrespectful remark from the electrician about the security department and the feeling of hostility may never be forgotten. This is just one example of the many situations where tact , politeness and good manners are the key aspects to bear in mind when dealing with staff or members of the public. POOR PUBLIC RELATIONS Bearing in mind that public relation is the image we project of ourselves to others, and that we are personally responsible for the creation and maintenance of good public relations. We need to be mindful of the reasons responsible for REASONS FOR POOR PUBLIC RELATIONS The following traits (characteristics) destroy good human relations and adversely affect public relations.  Poor attitude  Crude speech  Incompetence  Spreading of rumours  Disinterest  Impoliteness  Exploitation of people  Abuse of authority  Poor communication with the public and management EVALUATION 1. I PROJECT A PROFESSIONAL IMAGE AL ALL TIMES. 2. I WORK AT CORRECTING ANY NEGATIVE CRITICISM. 3. I SPEAK FAVOURABLY TO FAMILY, FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES ABOUT THE SECURITY DEPARTMENT. 4. I AVOID UNDESIRABLE TRAITS THAT CAN DESTROY HUMAN RELATIONS. 5. I REFRAIN FROM CRUDITIES OF SPEECH WHILE ON THE JOB. 6. I AM ALWAYS POLITE TO THE PUBLIC. 7. I MAINTAIN THE HIGHEST STANDARDS OF PERSONAL APPEARANCE. APPEARANCE 8. I AM DIPLOMATIC AND UNDERSTANDING IN MY DEALING WITH OTHERS. 9. I AM ALWAYS TACTFUL WHEN APPROACHING ANYONE. 10. I CARRY OUT MY DUTIES IN THE HIGHEST PROFESSIONAL MANNER. 11. I TRY TO BUILD GOOD WILL FOR MY COMPANY AND PROFESSION. 12. I SET A POSITIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS EXAMPLE FOR MY FELLOW WORKERS. 13. I AM DETERMINED TO ACHIEVE GREATER RECOGNITION FOR THE SECURITY PROFESSION. 14. I FAMILIARIZE MYSELF WITH THE SECURITY DEPARTMENT’S PUBLIC RELATIONS POLICIES. 15. I PRACTICE THE ELEMENTS OF GOOD PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ALL MY COMMUNICATION. CONCLUSION If you are always having arguments with “difficult” clients because they “don’t respect your authority” you are probably displaying a hostile image towards the public. By doing a quick self assessment you will probably be able to rectify the problem yourself. Question s ? MODULE 4 ROLE & FUNCTION OF SECURITY INTRODUCTION Every human being has the fundamental right to live and to ensure that he survive. With the increasing threat, our continued existence is being threatened. The increasing threat obliges every individual to take precautionary measures to secure his own safety as well as that of those dependent on him. INTRODUCTION (Cont.) It is the responsibility of every enterprise or organization to protect its production, assets, equipment and personnel. The responsibility of the States in this field is far greater than that of enterprise or individual, as it must keep an eye on the welfare and safety of all citizens and the country's economy. It also takes precautionary measures but at a larger scale than those of an individual or enterprise. The State does not buy an insurance policy against aggression/violent behaviour. The States insurance policy is its Police INTRODUCTION (Cont.) It is impossible for the Police and the Defence Force, to handle this vast task on their own. To be able to cope with this vast safeguarding task, it is vital that all enterprises co-operate to assist the State. Every private enterprise or organisation has the responsibility to look after its own interests. To make this possible, the internal INTRODUCTION (Cont.) One of the greatest threats to be countered by private organisations is the criminal enemy’s efforts to place spies or agents to infiltrate strategic positions, to obtain information or engage in subversive activities with a view to damaging or destroying vital installations (industrial espionage). Private Organisations are responsible for the safety of its own personnel, equipment, installations and assets in areas occupied by it. Therefore it is of the utmost importance that everybody will recognise that the measures necessary for safety and security at the premises occupied by them are everyone’s responsibility and not only that of the armed ROLE & FUNCTION OF SECURITY It is the responsibility of every private enterprise or organization to protect its intellectual property, assets, production, equipment and personnel. ROLE & FUNCTION OF SECURITY  Therefore it is important that :  All private security personnel be trained in security and safety related tasks and principles.  Security and safety measures applied must be kept in line with South African legal system. WHAT IS SECURITY The term security is defined as a situation that exists as a result of the establishment of measures for the protection of information, personnel and property against hostile persons, influences and actions. SECURITY OF COMPANIES / ORGANISATIONS  The security function is divided into the following :  Security of information - defense against industrial espionage.  Security of material, equipment and assets - defense against sabotage and terrorist actions as well as thefts.  Security of personnel - defense against intimidation, blackmail and subversion. SECURITY OF COMPANIES / ORGANISATIONS continued…  Although it is the task of the Police Services to maintain law and order and to investigate and combat crime, the private sector is responsible for the security of their factories or installations.  Good liaison must be maintained with SAPS, SANDF, Local Authority Services. THE ROLE OF SECURITY NB : The role of security is to enforce and maintain prescribed counter measures as enacted by local laws e.g Criminal Procedure Act; Mines and Works Acts. Without taking adequate security measures, safety is not guaranteed. Security is an inherent part of THE ROLE OF SECURITY (Cont.)  To prevent this, security is of absolute vital importance. This will enable us to safeguard and secure safety.  If there is no security consciousness and our security measures are not effective and efficient, the enemy’s efforts will succeed. THE AIMS OF SECURITY  Security is our defense against criminal/enemy activities.  The aim of security is based on the principles that : THE AIMS OF SECURITY (Cont.) > > Sabotage does not take place. > Terrorist action does not succeed. > No classified information falls into wrong hands. > The undermining, subversive and propaganda efforts of the criminal enemy shall not succeed. > Prevent enemy action from breaking through the security system. > Facilitate investigations through the PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY Security principles must:  Embrace all persons who have access to all premises containing classified information and material.  Be so designed that they can detect persons who endanger the security of classified information and material, and provide for their exclusion and removal.  Prevent access to classified information and material to any unauthorized person, and must so be designed that they provide for the dangers of the compromising of information through carelessness and thoughtlessness.  Be based on the principles that classified information and material should only be CATEGORIES OF SECURITY  Security of Personnel  Security Property  Security of Information Security of Personnel This embraces measures to be taken to: - maintain and protect the integrity of personnel, - keep untrustworthy and hostile personnel out of the organisation, - also measures to neutralise the enemy’s efforts to undermine personnel. Security of Property This embraces measures to be taken to: Protection of material and stores against sabotage through open or clandestine enemy action. Also included are measures to control access to protected areas. Security of Information This embraces measures to be taken to – deny the enemy any information he may collect by ground observation, the investigation of stolen documents, industrial espionage and the CONTRIBUTION OF SECURITY PERSONNEL All security personnel must realize that they have important contributions to make. They should go out of their way -  Not to be discriminatory in their behavior towards any race or sex.  To identify and report basic grievances by the work force such as feeding, housing, transport, health services, etc.  To recognised traps set by the enemy and not to react by unacceptable methods. CONCLUSION The security at any organization plays an integral part in the safety and protection of information, personnel and the property and every security member must therefore contribute positively thereto. Questions ? MODULE 5 BOMBS, EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AND FIRE-ARMS AIM The aim of this module is to introduce the security officer to the most commonly used bombs/explosive devices and firearms and what actions should be taken in the event of a bomb explosion and bomb scare. INTRODUCTION During times when terrorist bombs and threats are used as a weapon throughout the world, it has become essential that all organizations and individuals become familiar with this evil and take note of the precautions to be taken against such threats and attacks. INTRODUCTION (Cont.) Terrorism is the most predominant motive for bomb attacks. It is a terrorist philosophy that terrorist warfare should consist of 75% Psychological Warfare and 25% Physical Warfare. Bombing is one of the methods used to achieve this aim. There mostly are two entities the terrorist targets, namely Property and Society itself. THE GOLDEN RULE The general public must be aware of the dangers of bombs and bomb threats. The Golden Rule is to recognize any suspicious looking object that do not fit into the surroundings. BOMB TARGETS Essential Services – Electricity Officialdom Water Police Stations Courts * High density population areas - Sport complexes Shopping centers Transportation links - Trains & Busses Communication centers – Broadcasting TYPES OF BOMBS > Military:- Limpet mines, Hand-grenades, Mortars, Landmines, Anti-Personnel Mines.  Home-made:– What it looks like and what it consists of depends upon the ingenuity of the designer! TYPES OF BOMBS (Cont.) Home-made bombs can be :  Thrown by hand - Molotov cocktails  Sent through the post - Letter and parcel bombs  Left unattended - Brief cases and parcel bombs  Parked near the target - Vehicle bombs. THE CHAIN REACTION SEQUENCE The following sequence applies to all explosive devices or bombs : Ignition: This is done by electric charge or someone igniting the fuse. Initiation: The burning of the fuse after ignition. Detonation: The detonator will detonate. Explosion: The main charge will explode. IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILL ON OBSERVING A BOMB/MINE  Keep calm and don't cause a panic.  Notify the Control Room/Supervisor.  Mark the location of the bomb/mine.  Safeguard the immediate area.  Do not touch or handle the bomb. Good housekeeping All areas must be kept as clean and neat as possible. All refuse, empty containers and unused articles must be removed as soon as possible. Neat offices and stores enable a person to identify any strange or suspicious object Neutralize bomb hiding-places All ash bins, and small containers, which may possibly be used as bomb hiding places, must be checked regularly. Public places, such as lobbies and toilets must offer no opportunity for hiding bombs or explosives. All offices, cabinets, drawers, panels and service lifts must be Supervision over cleaning personnel Cleaning personnel must not be allowed to work on their own but must be supervised. Cleaning personnel must be selected and screened before they are employed. Cleaning equipment must be checked by the Supervisor. AID AFTER A BOMB EXPLOSION  Notify Control Room and the Police  Do not touch or handle anything  Cordon off and evacuate the area  Keep people away from the scene  Activate Emergency Procedure and CONCLUSION Every employee should be on the lookout for: SUSPICIOUS ARTICLES (A parcel left unattended) SUSPICIOUS VEHICLES (Why is it parked there?) LOOK FOR WHAT SHOULD NOT BE THERE! SUSPICIOUS PERSONS (What is he doing - OBSERVE here?) - RECORD - REPORT Questions ? MODULE 6 DISCIPLINE AIM The aim of this instruction is to ensure that security guards understand the importance of foot drill as part of the discipline of a security force, and to enable them to execute the basic movements. FOOT DRIL ON COMPLETION OF THIS MODULE YOU MUST BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE THE FOLLOWING MOVEMENTS: - FALL IN - BRACE-UP - ATTENTION - DRESSING (RIGHT DRESS!) - NUMBERING (NUMBER!) - LEFT AND RIGHT TURN - ABOUT TURN - SALUTE TO THE FRONT (SALUTE!) - STAND AT EASE - STAND EASY - OPEN AND CLOSE ORDER MARCH - DISMISSING AND FALLING OUT - DRESSING - HALT - MARK TIME - LEFT AND RIGHT WHEEL - SALUTING TO THE RIGHT/LEFT Question s ? MODULE 7 BASIC SELF DEFENSE BASIC SELF DEFENCE BATONS A baton can be used both for offensive and defensive purposes, but it is important to understand that it is a lethal weapon which can kill. Whilst the baton can be used to strike various part of the body, the following two blows are both difficult to counter.  The first is a downward blow aimed at the junction of the neck and shoulder. The aim should be directed at the shoulder bringing the baton in at an angle of approximately 60 degrees within the line of the shoulder the blow coming from above the “deltoid” muscle down to the base of the neck.  The second general blow that can be used, particularly at close quarters, is the jab to the solar plexus. This action will knock a man out when the baton is used in a sharp jabbing motion. VULNERABLE POINTS ON THE BODY Inside the ankle, shin bone and knee cap To and across large leg muscle. Biceps, elbow, inside and outside wrist.. Adam’s apple or point of jaw. Junction of the neck and shoulder. Behind knee joint. Questions ? MODULE 8 OBSERVATION INTRODUCTION It is the duty of every security officer to develop his ability of observation to such an extent that he is able to effectively achieve three aims namely: a) To supply a true account of his observation which would enable a court to come to a logical conclusion. b) To ensure that clues which would be of assistance in solving a crime are not overlooked or lost; and c) To be able to observe and describe people, objects and the crime scenes. THE ESSENCE OF OBSERVATION Observation contains a distinct mental image of what is seen, with the definite realization that the total image consists of detail and the knowledge that this total image is related to reality. THE ESSENCE OF OBSERVATION (Cont.) As an example, we observe a medicine bottle. - The total image is the medicine bottle. The knowledge that the total image consist of detail, necessitates the analysis of the contents, the label, possible fingerprints, pharmaceutical prescription, etc., - whilst the knowledge that the total image is related to reality directs our thoughts to the possibility of a case of poisoning or the smuggling of drugs. In this manner nothing is lost and we practice seeing facts in their true perspective. THE ESSENCE OF OBSERVATION (Cont.) The ability to identify and recall a situation accurately, completely and distinctly is efficient observation.  The ability to observe is based on heritage, experience and education. SENSES As some senses are more reliable than others, the accuracy of observation will depend upon which senses were applied to make the observation. The faculty (ability) of sight, smell, touch, taste and hear. To see is the most accurate and developed sense of man. To hear is not absolute because it frequently reproduces an indistinct and incoherent reproduction of the incident. Types of Observation Incidental Observation We deal with casual observation during every moment of our lives and our interpretation of the situation will depend on our evaluation of the incident. The danger of this is that the same situation may develop in security work, and the security officers’ concentration and power of observation becomes blunted and he no longer observes directly, penetratingly or concentratingly. Positive Observation This is the ability to apply a correct and balanced judgement in regard to every particular observation made to anything or any given incident. The principle is that correct and accurate judgement should be applied at all times in order to enable the observer to distinguish between: - the important and the unimportant, - the natural and the unnatural, - the ordinary and the unusual and - the possible and the impossible. It is one of the cardinal principles of the Observation should be tackled systematically  Get a complete picture of the situation itself.  Work in straight lines or circles in accordance with circumstances.  Afterwards attention must be given to independent bigger objects in order to see what their relation to the whole may be.  Hence each object must be studied independently to ascertain how it fits into the picture.  The next step is to look at, feel, dissect and do everything possible to the object and any part thereof in order to observe the object and everything related to it.  Lastly, and the most important point, is to write down or imprint on the mind every particle and relation of OBSTACLES WHICH CAN HAMPER OBJECTIVE OBSERVATION  The following are single obstacles which might impede objective observation: 1. Nervous tension (easily agitated) 2. Fear 3. Aggression (violent behavior ) 4. Prejudice (opinion not based on actual facts experience) 5. Occupation 6. Religion 7. Suggestion 8. Ethnical Relations 9. Political belief 10. Self protection The following are observational patterns used to describe people, vehicles and objects The observer should classify the individual in accordance with seven major categories People  Built. - Stout, slender, stocky, muscular, athletic, paunchy, stoops, etc.  Race. - White (SA. or Foreigner), yellow, brown, black.  Age. - Approximate age in years.  Sex. - Male or Female,  Hair. - Color, straight, wavy, curly, long, short, bald, Afro, etc.  Height. - Approximate height in meters or feet and inches.  General- Complexion, built, voice, stride, tattoo’s clothes, etc. Vehicles Colour - Light, dark, bright, dull, metallic, etc. Make – BMW, Mercedes, Ford, Mazda, Opel, Etc. Model - Laser 1600 sport, 323 X le, Astra 1.4, etc. Registration - PNH, CA, ND, etc. followed by the number and type of plate. Year of manufacture. 1992/2024 Description. Tyres and accessories , condition, damage, etc. These observational patterns are applicable to passenger, commercial and heavy vehicles and falls into six categories. Questions ? MODULE 9 GUARDING AND PATROLLING AIM The aim of this lecture is to ensure that security officers know how to execute guarding and patrol duties. POSTING OF GUARDS Before going on duty security officers will be assembled and inspected on a parade to ensure that: * The security officer is sober, not under the influence of drugs and physically fit for duty. * The security officer is neatly and correctly dressed and issued with the correct equipment for his POSTING OF GUARDS (Cont.) After the inspection the security officer will proceed to his post either on foot, by bicycle or in a vehicle. If circumstances permit the security officer will be accompanied by the shift supervisor and posted to his site. If this procedure cannot be followed, the incoming guard must be visited by the shift officer at his post as soon as possible after assuming duty. Guards going on duty for the first time should, if possible, be accompanied by a trained security official for all or part of the shift, before they are allowed to work POSTING OF GUARDS (Cont.) On arrival at the post, the outgoing and incoming guards will hand over/ take over duties by: * Handing over any equipment specifically allocated to that post, i.e. Radios, torches and, if applicable, firearm and ammunition. * The outgoing guard briefing the incoming guard on any ongoing problems relating to the post. * Recording the hand over/ take over of the post and equipment in their KNOWLEDGE WHICH A SECURITY OFFICER MUST HAVE.  The name or number and description of his guard post.  A thorough knowledge of the layout of the vulnerable area or vital points which he is guarding and why he is guarding it.  The location of adjacent guard posts.  A system of reference points which will enable him to report accurately the location of any activity at or near to his guard post.  Possible lines of approach and hiding places for criminals/ saboteurs.  The use of light and shadow for positioning himself during the course of his duties. KNOWLEDGE WHICH A SECURITY OFFICER MUST HAVE (Cont.) - Specific instructions when leaving his post. - Location of first aid and fire fighting equipment. - Procedure to be followed when he is visited by shift supervisors. - Reporting procedure using either radio or telephone, he must have a list in his pocket book of all emergency numbers. The guard post instructions should also record all the relevant company telephone numbers and extensions. - Procedure to be followed in the event of an alarm going off or sounding any alarm. EQUIPMENT OF A SECURITY OFFICER A security officer will normally be equipped with the following equipment- whistle, baton torch, handcuffs and radio. Under certain circumstances he may be equipped with a firearm. SOUNDING AN ALARM The standing order for the post must include details of the circumstances under which the alarm should be raised, including inter alia: - Fires - Attempted forced entry - Presence of unauthorized persons or vehicles - Discovery of suspicious articles which could constitute a bomb threat or crime - Attempted interference with security protective devices i.e. fences, lights, gates, doors, windows or intruder THE DISCHARGING GUARDING FUNCTION NB : Guards must understand that their function is to protect property and to achieve this they have three mainlines of defense DISCHARGING THE GUARD FUNCTION (Cont,) Deny - By preventing unauthorized entry and observation. Detect - By patrolling, guarding, alarm systems and informers. Deter - By guards, dogs and Threats /Security risks The major risks / threats include the following:  Trespassing  Theft  Breaking and entering  Arson  Armed robbery  Fraud  Sabotage  Terrorist attack  Possible hiding place for criminals  Open doors and gates. CONCLUSION The security of any company is as good as their security officers are, because the security officers are responsible for at least 90 % of all the security and safety tasks. Questions ? MODULE 10 USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS CHEMISTRY OF FIRES AND RISKS Fire has always been both man’s friend and greatest enemy. It is as an enemy that fire presents its greatest danger to man and his possessions and can be gravely prejudicial to the survival of any organization. CHEMISTRY OF FIRES AND RISKS (Cont.) By knowing the nature of fire and how it starts, we can reduce fire hazards or even eliminate them entirely from our homes and places of work. Learning the correct methods of reporting and extinguishing fires can minimize personal injuries and damage to property SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Sabotage and normal wear and tear can cause a fire extinguisher to become a great danger to the user. It has been found that water extinguishers have been filled with petrol or paint thinners which can result in the death of the user GENERAL AND CORRECT USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS NB. If possible ensure that back-up assistance is available before tackling a fire and preferably work in pairs.  Ensure that an escape route is available before committing yourself to tackling the fire.  Follow the instructions on the extinguisher label when activating the unit. Depending on the type of extinguisher being used, break the seal then remove the safety device (a pin or safety clip) or turn the wheel valve on the cartridge fully open and check the operation of the unit by briefly activating the control mechanism before approaching the fire.  Do not place yourself at risk. If the fire is too big or begins to spread, vacate the area GENERAL AND CORRECT USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (Cont.)  Ensure that the fire has been completely extinguished and that no sparks remain  If the fire is out doors approach the fire from the windward side.  When approaching the fire adopt a crouching approach which provides some protection against heat and smoke.  Never tilt or invert any extinguisher during operation unless it is a turnover type.  Keep alert for any changes in the fire pattern. GENERAL AND CORRECT USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (Cont.)  When tackling a fire involving electrical equipment, isolate the power as soon as possible to prevent re-ignition after it was extinguished.  When extinguishing a flammable liquid spillage fire, never walk in the spillage area in case the flames flash back.  When tackling flammable liquid fires using a controllable discharge type extinguisher, do not interrupt the flow of extinguishing medium until the fire is completely extinguished. GUARD POST When a security guard assumes duty at a guard post he/she must:-  Ensure that he/she knows the whereabouts of Fire fighting equipment serving the area, and fire alarms.  Inspect the area for any fire hazards  Know what to do in the event of a fire occurring in his/her area of responsibility or any adjacent area. This includes:  Sounding an alarm or reporting the fire by radio or telephone. GUARD POST (Cont.) Attempting to extinguish the fire Rendering first aid to injured persons; Controlling the area from a security aspect. NB : In order to enable the security officer to locate fire fighting equipment and fire alarms as soon as possible when needed, he must ensure that he knows the whereabouts of all such equipment. Questions ? MODULE 11 BASIC RADIO / TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS BASIC RADIO / TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS AIM The aim of this lecture is to ensure that security officers are able to communicate by radio and telephone and that they can take and deliver messages. PRINCIPLES OF RADIO PROCEDURE The principles of good voice procedure are well defined by the use of the key word “BASS” and “RSVP”, and these must be memorized by every radio user. PRINCIPLES OF RADIO PROCEDURE “BASS” B – BRIEF: Message must be brief and only contain important facts. A – ACCURATE: Details given must be clear and accurate. S – SECURITY: Never transmit classified information unless it is disguised in some way. S - SPEED: Do not rush the message but be brief and concise. PRINCIPLES OF RADIO PROCEDURE (Cont.) “RSVP” R- RHYTHM: Use short phrases with pauses. S - SPEED: Remember the receiver may wish to write down the message. V – VOLUME: Do not shout but speak slightly louder than normal. P- PITCH: Pitch the voice slightly higher than normal. COMMON WORDS AND PHRASES ABBREVIATED CALL - Unofficial domestic call signs arranged by individual mines. OVER - My message is complete and I am expecting a reply. OUT - My message is complete - do not reply. ROGER - I have received your message. I understand your message. Everything is according to plan. SITREP - Situation Report MAYDAY - Emergency Call (Repeat at least DO’S AND DONT’S WHEN USING A RADIO Do not use abusive language over the air. Because apart from prejudicing voice procedure, this can result in licenses being revoked. Do not play music in the background. Do keep the radio room secure. Do treat radios as technical equipment and handle them with care in order to prevent damage. Do use radios for the transmission of official messages only, the transmission of music or other entertainment is prohibited. SECURITY OF COMMUNICATIONS Based on the principle that “the enemy listens”, every effort must be made to safeguard the information transmitted over the air. Example of information which must be safeguarded are: Information received from delicate sources, ie SA Police Special Branch. Inreps and Sitreps of a classified nature. Future intentions on operations. Movement of bullion and cash. SECURITY OF COMMUNICATIONS In order to safeguard such information code words will be used in messages where the contents must be safeguarded. The security officer initiating the message must use his discretion as to when the use of code words is necessary. INTRODUCTION - TELEPHONE PROCEDURE The telephone is the swiftest and most effective means of communication available on an extensive basis. It is the most common form of daily communication and is the medium that the security officer will use most frequently. It is required of the security guard that he will be able to communicate internally within automatic phone system as well as on the public telephone to communicate with such outside organizations as the Police, Defense Force, the Local Authority, the Fire Brigade and Ambulance services or hospitals. PRINCIPLES OF TELEPHONE PROCEDURES Tact  Try to be tactful even under the stress of an emergency. Patience  Handle all calls with patience and genuine interest. Courtesy  Always be courteous on the telephone with callers, even your subordinates. Confidence  Handle all calls with self-confidence. PHONETIC ALPHABET The use of the phonetic alphabet whenever there is a chance of confusion is essential. The same procedure as that used in radio communication is recommended LIST OF TELEPHONE NUMBERS A clearly legible list of emergency telephone numbers must be displayed in a prominent place where it can easily be seen. It must be kept up to date and is not to be used as a note pad. WRITING MESSAGES It is important when recording an incoming message to use the following procedure: - Message to or from - Text of the message - Any special instructions regarding delivery, eg. time limitation. - Alternative addressee - Time message delivered - Recorded by (Number and name) CONCLUSION Speedy, accurate and effective communications are the lifeline of security. A thorough knowledge of the procedures involved is thus essential. Questions ? MODULE 12 BASIC LEGAL ASPECTS AIM The aim of this Module is to define the legal rights of members of a security force with regard to arrest, search and custody within the framework of the law. Criminal Law  Criminal law - consists of all legal rules which stipulate what human conduct is punishable by the State, and the form the punishment should take.  Conduct which is punishable by the State is known as crime. Criminal law thus deals with crimes and punishment. THE LAW The laws are divided into different Sections. Criminal law The law of criminal procedure and the law of evidence are examples of such Sections of the law. It is absolutely imperative for management and members of the security personnel of any organization to have a certain minimum knowledge of the above-mentioned Sections of the law. Without such knowledge, they will not be able to perform their duties in a proper manner and may themselves transgress the law in THE LAW (Cont.) Their conduct may even constitute a criminal offence in which case they themselves will be guilty of the offence and may face sentence by a court of law. It may also result in other people instituting civil claims for damages against them or their employers, which could result in the court ordering them or their employers to pay thousands of Rand/Dollars in damages to the parties that suffered damages as a result of the CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ACT 51/1977 POWERS OF ARREST : SECTION 42(3) In South African law a security officer has the powers of a private person to effect an arrest. POWERS OF ARREST : SECTION 42(3) Any private person may without a warrant arrest any person- (a) who commits or attempts to commit in his presence or whom he reasonably suspects of having committed an offence referred to in Schedule 1; (b) whom he reasonably believes to have com- mitted any offence and to be escaping from and to be freshly pursued by a person whom such private person reasonably believes to have authority to arrest that person for that offence; POWERS OF ARREST : SECTION 42(3) (Cont.) (d) whom he sees engaged in an affray. (2) Any private person who may without warrant arrest any person under subsection (l)(a) may forthwith pursue that person, and any other private person to whom the purpose of the pursuit has been made known, may join and assist therein. (3) The owner, lawful occupier or person in charge of property on or in respect of which any person is found committing any offence, and any person authorized thereto by such owner, occupier or person in charge, may without warrant arrest the person so found." Discussion on section 42 The company manager is the person in charge of company property and is therefore authorized to appoint any person to exercise this right of arrest on company property. This is done in respect of security officers by virtue of their certificates (contracts) of appointment, signed by the manager, which state, inter alia, that the holder is authorized to: "exercise the powers of arrest conferred on the manager in terms of Section 42(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51/1977". METHOD OF EFFECTING AN ARREST : SECTION 39 To comply with the provisions of Section 39(1) & (2) of the Criminal Procedure Act, the following guidelines should be followed in effecting an arrest: A. If the circumstances under which an arrest is made, are such that it is possible to do so, the person to be arrested should (I) be informed that he is being arrested; (ii) be informed of the reason for the arrest; and (iii) be requested to submit himself to custody. METHOD OF EFFECTING AN ARREST : SECTION 39 (Cont.) If the person submits himself to custody, the arrest is completed. If the person refuses to submit himself to custody, the arrester must touch his body to complete the arrest. B. If the circumstances under which the arrest is made, are such that the procedure described above cannot be followed, the person making the arrest must touch the body of the person who is to be arrested and, if necessary, confine his body forcibly, to complete the arrest. In such a case, the person who is arrested must, during the arrest or immediately thereafter, be informed of the reason for the arrest. Failure to inform him of the reason for the arrest at the earliest opportunity, will render his further detention ARREST : SECTION 49 USE OF FORCE IN EFFECTING If any person authorized under this Act to arrest or to assist in arresting another, attempts to arrest such person and such person: (a) Resists the attempt and cannot be arrested without the use of force, (b) Flees when it is clear that an attempt to arrest him is being made, or resists such attempt and flees, the person so authorized may, in order to effect the arrest, use such force as may in the circumstances be reasonably necessary to overcome the resistance or to prevent the person concerned from fleeing. PROCEDURE AFTER ARREST : SECTION 50 A person arrested with or without warrant shall as soon as possible be brought to a police station. The important aspect of the above Section applicable to security officers is the need for an arrested person to be taken to a police station as soon as possible. There are many factors which will effect the removal of an arrested person from the property to the nearest police station, nevertheless it is in the interests of both management and the principal of security to ensure that there are no unnecessary delays SEARCH OF ARRESTED PERSON AND SEIZURE OF ARTICLE: SECTION 23 On the Arrest of any person, the person making the arrest may:  If he is not a peace officer, seize any article referred to in Section 20 which is in the possession of, or in the custody or under the control of the person arrested, and shall forthwith deliver any such article to a police official. TRESPASS ACT NO 6/1959 Prohibition of Entry Any person who without the permission: (a) of the lawful occupier of any land or any building or part of a building; or (b) of the owner or person in charge of any land or any building or part of a building that is not lawful occupied by any person, enters or is upon such land or enters or is in such building or part of a building, shall be guilty of an offence unless he has lawful reason to enter or be upon such land or be in such building or part of a building. TRESPASS ACT NO 6/1959 (Cont.) For the purposes of subsection (1) the expression “Lawful Occupier” in relation to a building or part of a building does not include a servant of the lawful occupier of the land on which that building is situated. SECURITY OFFICERS ACT 92 OF “Security Service” 1987 means a service rendered by a person to another person for reward by (a) Making himself or a person in his employment available for the protection or safeguarding of people or property in accordance with an arrangement concluded with such other person: or (b) Advising such other person in connection with the protection or safeguarding of people or property in any matter whatsoever, but does not include such a service rendered by an employee on behalf of his employer. Prohibition on the rendering of Security Services NB : No person may render a security service unless he, and if such person is a company or a closed corporation, it and every director of the company or it and every member of the closed corporation, are registered with the Board as a security officer; No and employee of a person rendering a service shall allow that he be used in the course of his employment for the rendering of a security service unless he is registered with the Board as a security officer. 12. Disqualifications Except with the concurrence of the Board: (a) No natural person shall be qualified to be registered as a security officer if: (1) He was at any time, whether before of after the commencement of this Act, found guilty of an offence specified in the Schedule to this Act. (2) He has been found guilty under Section 20 of Improper Conduct. (3) He is of unsound mind and has been declared as such by a competent court; or Disqualifications (Cont.) No company or closed corporation shall be qualified to be registered as a security officer, if a director of the company or a member of the closed corporation in terms of paragraph (a), does not qualify to be registered as a security officer. Withdrawal of Registration by Board The Board may withdraw the registration of a security officer by written notice to such security officer if he has furnished to the Board information in or in connection with his application for registration which is in a material respect untrue. Withdrawal of Registration by Board (Cont.) (a) In the case of a security officer who is a natural person, if at any time after his registration:- (1) he is found guilty of an offence specified in the schedule to this Act; (2) he is found guilty of improper conduct under Section 20; or (3) he becomes of unsound mind and is declared as such by a competent court; or (b) in the case of a security officer which is a company or a close corporation, if the registration as a security officer of a director of the company or a member of the close corporation is withdrawn under paragraph (a). SCHEDULE TO THE ACT Murder Culpable homicide involving an assault Kidnapping Child stealing Rape Indecent assault Sodomy Bestiality Robbery Assault with intent to do GBH Arson Housebreaking to commit an offence Theft Receiving stolen property knowing it to have been stolen Fraud Forgery or uttering a forged SCHEDULE TO THE ACT Offences relating to the Coinage Act Offences in terms of the Protection of Information Act no 84/1982 Any offence under any law relating to illicit dealing in or possession of precious metals or precious stones Any conspiracy, incitement or attempt to commit any offence mentioned in the schedule. PAYMENT OF ANNUAL AMOUNTS. SECTION 18 ACT 92/87 Every person registered as a security officer shall annually on or before a prescribed date pay to the Board a prescribed amount. Currently = R84.00 If a security officer fails to comply with the provisions of subsection (1), the Board may suspend his registration as a security officer until the amount owed by him is received by the Board, provided that if the relevant amount is not paid within three months of the date of suspension of the registration of the security officer concerned, the Board may withdraw such registration CODE OF CONDUCT FOR SECURITY OFFICERS A security officer shall perform his duties in accordance with the law.  Where such security officer provides a security service, he shall be responsible for ensuring that all legislated or agreed conditions of employment are fully and fairly complied with and administrated.  A security officer shall at all times display honesty and integrity in the performance of his duties. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR SECURITY OFFICERS (Cont.)  He shall not act in matters involving conflicts of interests without appropriate disclosure and approval.  He shall truthfully give details of the service he can render.  He shall not tender for a service beyond the competence of his organization.  He shall not claim competence which does not exist in his organization CODE OF CONDUCT (Cont.)  A security officer shall not cause any subordinate to perform duties beyond the level of that subordinate’s competence.  He shall ensure that his security officers are trained up to the relevant standard and that standard is maintained.  Section 5  A security officer shall safeguard information entrusted to him.  A security officer shall not disclose any information originating from a person without the written authority of that person.  Section 6  A security officer shall not maliciously injure the reputation of his colleagues, clients or employees.  A security officer shall respect the reputation Questions ? MODULE 13 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS INTRODUCTION There can be no doubt that knowledge of Human Relations is absolutely necessary for employers as well as employees. A conflict situation between employers and employees has often arisen in the country in the past. Such clashes between employers and employees call for negotiation, agreement and mutual insight and understanding DEFINITION : DISCIPLINARY CODE A system designed to promote orderly conduct involving the creation of an attitude and an organizational climate where employees willingly conform to established rules and regulations because they understand, believe in and support them. DISCIPLINARY CODES  Discipline is vital in all organized group action and is initiated by Management in response to unsatisfactory worker performance or behavior  These codes is not intended to be a substitute for good management, but is an expression of the company’s policy on discipline and a guide to the various levels of management required to administer discipline. DISCIPLINARY CODES (Cont.) It is accepted in principle that disciplinary procedures are the prerogative of management, but this, however, does not discount the employee’s right to contest or discuss the procedures laid down by management. To minimize disciplinary problems, the rules which the employees are required to keep and the standards which they are expected to maintain must be clearly understood, communicated and accepted. DISCIPLINARY CODES (Cont.) It must be borne in mind that the prime reason for disciplinary action is to encourage improvement and responsibility in an employee to make him a more efficient and productive worker. The main objective of a disciplinary procedure therefore is to bring an employee back to acceptable standards of performance and behaviour and not to punish an employee or to get rid of him. GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE NB : A grievance procedure can be defined as any dissatisfaction or feeling of injustice an employee may have in connection with his employment situation and is brought to the attention of management GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE Grievances are best handled at the lowest level as quickly as possible. Unresolved grievances create conflict and it is of the utmost importance that all matters, however small they may appear, be given timeous attention. Departmental heads must fully appreciate the need for satisfactory employer-employee labour relations and the importance of the manner in which employee complaints are handled The necessity for the procedures to by them. be carried out promptly, with sympathy and understanding, must be emphasized. CONCLUSION The prosperity of any organization determines the standard of living of both employers and employees. Industrial Relations play a significant role in establishing sound employer / employee relations which is the single most important factor to influence the prosperity of an organization Questions ? MODULE 14: HUMAN RIGHTS The Bill of rights of South Africa THE BILL OF RIGHTS IS THE CORNERSTONE OF A DEMOCRACY RIGHTS ?? It enshrines the rights of all people in our country and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom. The state must respect, protect, promote and fulfil the rights in the Bill of Rights. The rights in the Bill of Rights are subject to the limitations contained or referred to in section 36, or elsewhere in the Bill.. Application of the Bill It applies to all law, binds the legislature, the executive, the judiciary and all organs of State. EQUALITY Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law. HUMAN DIGNITY Everyone has inherent dignity and the right to have their dignity respected and protected; Everyone has the right to life; Freedom and security of the person; Privacy; Freedom of religion, belief and opinion; Freedom of expression; Assembly, demonstration, picket and petition Freedom of association HUMAN DOGNITY (CONT.) Political rights Citizenship Freedom of movement and residence Freedom of trade ,occupation and profession Labour relations Environment Property Housing Health care, food, water and social security. CHILDREN Every child has the right to a name and a nationality from birth; To basic education; To language and culture; Religion and linguistic communities; Access to information Access to court ARRESTED, DETAINED AND ACCUSED PERSONS 1. Has the rights to remain silent 2. To be informed promptly of their rights 3. The right to fair trial Questions ?

PSIRA Grade "E" Presentation for DRC Managers - Jan-Feb 2024 - PDF

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