Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is considered the primary target of terrorist bomb attacks?
What is considered the primary target of terrorist bomb attacks?
Which of the following types of bombs can be sent through the post?
Which of the following types of bombs can be sent through the post?
What is the first step in the chain reaction sequence for all explosive devices?
What is the first step in the chain reaction sequence for all explosive devices?
What should one do immediately upon observing a bomb or mine?
What should one do immediately upon observing a bomb or mine?
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According to the golden rule, what should the general public recognize as a potential bomb threat?
According to the golden rule, what should the general public recognize as a potential bomb threat?
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What percentage of terrorist warfare is described as Psychological Warfare?
What percentage of terrorist warfare is described as Psychological Warfare?
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Which type of bomb is categorized as a military explosive device?
Which type of bomb is categorized as a military explosive device?
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What primary action should be taken to safeguard the area upon identifying a bomb?
What primary action should be taken to safeguard the area upon identifying a bomb?
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What characteristics should a security officer display before going on duty?
What characteristics should a security officer display before going on duty?
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What type of vehicles can the observational patterns apply to?
What type of vehicles can the observational patterns apply to?
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What procedure should be followed when a guard takes over their post?
What procedure should be followed when a guard takes over their post?
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What knowledge is essential for a security officer at their guard post?
What knowledge is essential for a security officer at their guard post?
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How should a security officer proceed to their post?
How should a security officer proceed to their post?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vehicle observation mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vehicle observation mentioned?
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What is the primary aim of the guarding and patrolling module discussed?
What is the primary aim of the guarding and patrolling module discussed?
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What example of vehicle information is typically NOT required?
What example of vehicle information is typically NOT required?
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What must happen if a person attempts to flee when it is clear an arrest is being made?
What must happen if a person attempts to flee when it is clear an arrest is being made?
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What should happen to a person arrested as soon as possible?
What should happen to a person arrested as soon as possible?
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Under which circumstances can an authorized person seize articles from an arrested individual?
Under which circumstances can an authorized person seize articles from an arrested individual?
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What constitutes an offense under the Trespass Act regarding entry onto land?
What constitutes an offense under the Trespass Act regarding entry onto land?
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According to the law, what is the status of a servant of the lawful occupier in terms of trespass?
According to the law, what is the status of a servant of the lawful occupier in terms of trespass?
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What happens if an individual is not informed of the reason for their arrest promptly?
What happens if an individual is not informed of the reason for their arrest promptly?
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Which of the following is NOT a condition for the use of force during an arrest?
Which of the following is NOT a condition for the use of force during an arrest?
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What is the purpose of the requirement to take an arrested person to the police station without delay?
What is the purpose of the requirement to take an arrested person to the police station without delay?
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What is the first action a security guard should take when assuming duty at a guard post?
What is the first action a security guard should take when assuming duty at a guard post?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the key principles of good voice procedure in radio communication?
Which of the following is NOT one of the key principles of good voice procedure in radio communication?
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In the event of a fire, what should a security guard do after sounding the alarm?
In the event of a fire, what should a security guard do after sounding the alarm?
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What does the acronym 'BASS' stand for in radio communication principles?
What does the acronym 'BASS' stand for in radio communication principles?
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Which situation would require a security guard to use the term 'MAYDAY' over the radio?
Which situation would require a security guard to use the term 'MAYDAY' over the radio?
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What is a key action a security guard must take to locate fire fighting equipment quickly?
What is a key action a security guard must take to locate fire fighting equipment quickly?
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When using a radio, what should a guard do to maintain proper voice procedure?
When using a radio, what should a guard do to maintain proper voice procedure?
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What does the term 'OUT' signify in radio communication?
What does the term 'OUT' signify in radio communication?
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What is required of a security officer when faced with a conflict of interest?
What is required of a security officer when faced with a conflict of interest?
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What should a security officer ensure regarding the competence of his subordinates?
What should a security officer ensure regarding the competence of his subordinates?
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How should a security officer handle information entrusted to him?
How should a security officer handle information entrusted to him?
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What role does discipline play in organized group action according to the disciplinary code?
What role does discipline play in organized group action according to the disciplinary code?
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What is the nature of disciplinary codes in a workplace setting?
What is the nature of disciplinary codes in a workplace setting?
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What must occur when there are workplace conflicts between employers and employees?
What must occur when there are workplace conflicts between employers and employees?
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Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of an effective disciplinary code?
Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of an effective disciplinary code?
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What right do employees have concerning management's disciplinary procedures?
What right do employees have concerning management's disciplinary procedures?
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What is the primary objective of disciplinary procedures in an organization?
What is the primary objective of disciplinary procedures in an organization?
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What is a grievance procedure meant to address?
What is a grievance procedure meant to address?
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How should grievances be handled to prevent conflict?
How should grievances be handled to prevent conflict?
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What role do industrial relations play in the prosperity of an organization?
What role do industrial relations play in the prosperity of an organization?
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What does the Bill of Rights of South Africa enshrine?
What does the Bill of Rights of South Africa enshrine?
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What is the requirement of the state regarding the rights in the Bill of Rights?
What is the requirement of the state regarding the rights in the Bill of Rights?
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What is the significance of being equal before the law according to the Bill of Rights?
What is the significance of being equal before the law according to the Bill of Rights?
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What limitations exist regarding the rights in the Bill of Rights?
What limitations exist regarding the rights in the Bill of Rights?
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Study Notes
PSIRA Skills Development and Training Intervention
- PSIRA Skills Development and Training Intervention for DRC Managers will take place in Pretoria from January 15th to February 3rd, 2024.
- The presentation is for PSIRA Grade “E” personnel.
Module 1: Personal Hygiene and General Appearance
- A person's body is a complex machine that needs care.
- Body care affects personal appearance and work performance.
- The presenter emphasizes the importance of personal hygiene for health and physical fitness in the workplace
Personal Cleanliness
- Rooms: Keep your room neat, clean, and tidy.
- Skin: Exercise the skin to remove waste, and must be kept clean.
- Hands: Wash before meals and food handling.
- Nails: Keep nails short and clean to avoid germ buildup.
- Feet: Wash and dry feet for health and patrolling needs.
Personal Cleanliness (Continued)
- Teeth: Brush twice daily with a good toothbrush and toothpaste to prevent germs.
- Hair: Keep hair short and clean to prevent sores and pimples.
- Clothing: Keep clothing clean and neat to maintain a good image.
Fresh Air
- Well-ventilated rooms prevent smells and stuffiness.
- Prevent droplet infections by spacing beds and avoiding overcrowding.
- Cover your mouth with a handkerchief to prevent the spread of diseases
Minds and Habits
- A clear mind prevents immoral activities and unnatural sexual practices.
- Morality is the principle of distinguishing right from wrong.
Smoking
- Smoking is harmful to the smoker and others.
- Spitting in public should be avoided, as spitting can spread diseases.
Exercise
- Physical activity like walking, climbing, riding, or running has positive effects on the body.
- Regular exercise is necessary for overall body health.
Rest
- Rest allows the body to replenish nutrients and aids in digestion to replenish energy.
Sleep
- Sleep is essential for the body to replace and repair physical and mental tissues.
- Sufficient rest is needed between work shifts to maintain health and performance.
Personal Cleanliness
- Maintaining personal cleanliness is vital for effective work performance.
- A clean and smart appearance promotes positive relationships and respect.
Remember
- Body care through washing and regular clothing changes is very important.
- Personal hygiene with the use of soap and antiperspirants ensures that people have a fresh and likeable scent.
Module 2: Basic Occupational Safety
- The aim of the lesson is for Grade E students to understand various categories of symbolic safety signs and their meanings.
- Security and safety cover areas where the two fields of security and safety overlap.
- The function of a security officer is the protection of a company's premises (safety of assets, personnel, etc.).
Symbolic Safety Signs
- Safety signs are universal pictograms that communicate dangerous situations.
- The use of symbols ensures people understand the meanings, regardless of their language or literacy level.
- Safety signs have three components: shape, colour, and pictogram.
- These are used to categorize the purpose of the signs.
General Information
- Square shape with a green background and a white pictogram.
- These signs provide general information, such as directions, emergency exits, and first-aid locations.
Fire Information
- Square shape with a white background, red border, and red pictogram.
- These signs provide information on the types and location of fire-fighting equipment.
Warning Information
- Triangular shape with a black border, yellow background, and black pictogram.
- These signs provide warnings about dangerous situations on the premises.
Prohibitory Information
- Circular shape with a red border, a white background, and a black pictogram.
- These signs prohibit certain activities in specific areas.
Mandatory Information
- Circular shape with a blue background and a white pictogram.
- These signs dictate that certain actions, such as wearing protective gear, must be followed to ensure safety.
Dangers of Smoking in a Non-Smoking Area
- Smoking in non-smoking areas can lead to fires or explosions, damaging property or harming people.
- Smoke in flammable materials like LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) or air-suspended substances pose a risk of explosions.
Benefits of Safety-Oriented Personnel
- Security personnel who prioritize safety contribute to maintaining high professional standards in the security industry.
Module 3: Basic Public Relations
- Public relations aims to present a positive image of an organisation to the public.
- This process involves using various communication methods like social media, marketing, press coverage, networking, and events to share positive company information.
Defining Public Relations
- Public relations are the relationships between an organisation and the public.
- This entails how effectively an organisation, business, or professional group portrays itself to the public.
Introduction to Public Relations
- Public relations are based on public opinion.
- How an organisation projects itself determines its reputation, which affects work performance.
- Maintaining a positive public image is a primary objective of public relations.
Internal Public Relations
- Internal public relations maintain the image of security department employees.
- Employees who are proud of their profession contribute a positive image.
- It is important for members of the security department to understand security's role, especially for those outside the department.
Dealing with the Public
- Polite and calm communication during any incident is important to maintain a positive public image.
- Security officers must handle the public professionally and tactfully.
- Maintaining a professional approach ensures respectful relations.
Module 4: Role & Function of Security
- The role of security is safeguarding human life, assets, and property within an organization.
- Security protects from threats, espionage, acts of terrorism, sabotage, and other criminal activities
- Security measures should be in line with the law
Introduction to Security
- Every human has the right to live.
- Increased threat levels demand individuals to take precautionary measures to ensure personal safety.
- Security is the responsibility of enterprises and states to prevent threats.
Introduction (Continued)
- Every organization is responsible to ensure the security of their assets, personnel, and equipment or installations.
- The state has a greater responsibility in security than any organization.
- There is an effort from criminal elements that need to be countered with security efforts.
Introduction (Continued)
- Private organizations need to be responsible for safeguarding and protecting their assets personnel and equipment from illicit activities.
- Security needs to be an integral part of any organization.
Role & Function of Security
- Organizations should protect property, personnel, and intellectual property.
- Security personnel must be trained and follow South African legal requirements.
What Is Security
- Security exists when measures are put in place to protect against threats and hostile action.
Security of Companies/Organizations
- Security encompasses protecting information, material/equipment/assets, and personnel.
- Protecting from sabotage, thefts or terrorist actions is a large responsibility.
- Protecting personnel from intimidation or blackmail and sabotage.
Security of Companies/Organizations (Continued)
- Security is the task of the Police, also involves the effort of safeguarding factories or installations.
- Good liaison between security officers, police, and local authorities is vital
The Role of Security
- Security is to enforce and maintain prescribed counter-measures.
- Security is important for guaranteeing safety, which is paramount for any organization.
The Aims of Security
- Security is paramount for safeguarding against all criminal activities.
- Preventing criminal activities is the main aim of any security plan.
Principles of Security
- All people who have access to areas with sensitive information, equipment or materials should be vetted and/or trained.
- Security designs should include methods of identifying people endangering the premise security and systems to safely remove them from the area.
- Access to sensitive or classified information and/or materials must have strong safeguards against unintended or illegal access.
Categories of Security
- Security relates to personnel, property, and information.
Security of Personnel
- The security of personnel includes methods for maintaining and protecting integrity, preventing untrustworthy and hostile personnel from entering the premises, and countering enemy efforts to undermine personnel.
Security of Property
- Protecting premises from threats such as sabotage is an important part of safeguarding property.
- Measures to control access to restricted areas are necessary.
Security of Information
- Preventing unauthorized collection of information, dealing with stolen documents, industrial espionage, or breaches in communication systems is necessary.
Contribution of Security Personnel
- Treating everyone impartially, regardless of race or gender, is important for workplace harmony.
- Addresses workers' grievances promptly and effectively.
- Security personnel should be prepared for dangers and acts of threat and should not react in unacceptable ways or methods.
Conclusion
- The security at any organization is paramount to a healthy standard of living for all.
- Security personnel are responsible for securing information, personnel, and premises
Module 5: Bombs, Explosive Devices & Fire-Arms
- This module instructs security officers about common explosive devices/firearms and the actions to be taken during a bomb scare.
- It addresses measures to prevent terrorist acts and/or the use of bomb/explosive devices.
Introduction
- Terrorist attacks, using bombs as a weapon, have become a global issue.
- Organizations and individuals recognize this threat as potentially damaging and dangerous.
- This module covers important safety measures about how the use of bombs can be effectively prevented.
Introduction (Continued)
- Terrorism often uses psychological warfare alongside more physical actions.
- Modern terrorism mostly targets property or society as a whole
The Golden Rule
- To identify and report any suspicious object that appears out of place
- This recognition principle will assist in preventing potential danger when dealing with dangerous situations
Bomb Targets
- Essential Services (electricity, water, etc.), Officialdom (government buildings), High Density Populated Areas (shopping centers, etc.), communication centers are important targets for possible threats
Types of Bombs
- Military bombs (limpet mines, etc.) and homemade variations (Molotov cocktails, etc.) are used.
The Chain Reaction Sequence
- The sequence involves ignition, initiation, detonation, and explosion.
- The sequence of events details how an explosion happens allowing preventative measures to be taken.
Immediate Action Drill
- To remain calm, warn, mark the location, secure the area, and NOT touch anything.
- These basic steps help prevent further danger and loss.
Good Housekeeping
- Keep the areas around you or the workplace clean and tidy. - Remove trash, empty containers, and old equipment from an area - Security measures can be maximized by thorough cleaning
Neutralize Bomb Hiding Places
- Check frequently used containers or locations such as ash bins for potential risks.
Supervision Over Cleaning Personnel
- Cleaning personnel must be supervised.
- The personnel need to be trustworthy
Aid After a Bomb Explosion
- Notify the authorities and relevant services
- Protect the immediate area from further danger
- Do not interfere with the area, or handle anything
Conclusion
- Employees should be trained to recognize any potentially dangerous object or device
Module 6: Discipline
- Security guards need to understand the importance of foot drill as a part of the discipline.
- This includes understanding and executing basic movements.
Module 7: Basic Self-Defense
- Aimed at understanding and using batons for both offensive and defensive purposes.
- Describes how to use batons effectively with a focus on the body's vulnerable points from a strike.
Vulnerable Points on the Body
- Vulnerable body parts are discussed and described and include the knee cap, shin bone, or bicep to name a few
Module 8: Observation
- Security officers must develop robust observation skills.
- This includes the ability to accurately describe the scene, people, and objects
- Accurate observation can potentially prevent crime with immediate reporting and action
The Essence of Observation
- Observation involves a mental image of what is witnessed.
- Attention to detail and recognizing reality is mandatory
The Essence of Observation (Continued)
- The ability to see and accurately recall an event is important
- Experience and knowledge from past events can contribute to successful observation.
Senses
- Sight is the most important and accurate sense.
- Hearing can sometimes be inaccurate and unclear.
Types of Observation
- Casual observation is part of our everyday lives.
- In security, focused observation is important.
Positive Observation
- A correct and balanced judgment is crucial
- Distinguishing between important and unimportant details are required.
Observation Should Be Tackled Systematically
- Getting a full picture of the situation, focusing on independent objects and their relationships, studying them separately, and recording details are all important aspects of solving a situation with great observation
Obstacles That Hamper Objective Observation
- Stress, fear, prejudice (opinions not based on fact), occupation, religion, and self-preservation can hinder good observation skills
Module 9: Guarding and Patrolling
- This module focuses on security officer procedures for maintaining the security of personnel and property.
Posting of Guards
- Officers must be inspected on their fitness, sobriety, and correct appearance.
- Supervisors escort new officers to their posts and brief on ongoing problems.
- Guards hand over equipment to the new officer and record the handover details.
Knowledge Which a Security Officer Must Have
- Knowing the layout of the post and the whereabouts of security resources such as first aid, fire fighting equipment, and emergency response personnel are all important factors
Equipment of a Security Officer
- Whistles, batons, torches, handcuffs, and radios are the standard equipment
- In some circumstances a firearm may also be carried
Sounding an Alarm
- The types of situations warranting an alarm sound will be listed and detailed
Discharging the Guard Function
- The three functions of security are denying, detecting, and deterring dangerous activities.
Threats/Security Risks
- Security Officers must know the threats and risks involved when protecting property
Conclusion
- The security of any company depends on their security officers
Module 10: Use of Fire Extinguishers
- Fire extinguishers are tools for preventing and controlling fires.
Chemistry of Fires and Risks
- Fire can be both helpful and destructive.
- Knowing fire behavior and dangers is helpful in avoiding and preventing fires
Safety Precautions
- Normal wear and tear and sabotage could make fire extinguishers dangerous to use.
General and Correct Use of Fire Extinguishers
- Ensure backup assistance is available.
- Secure an escape route.
- Follow labeling or other instructions on the fire extinguisher
General and Correct Use of Fire Extinguishers (Continued)
- Ensure the fire is completely extinguished.
- Approach fires from the windward side
- Use a crouched position for fire safety.
General and Correct Use of Fire Extinguishers (Continued)
- Turn off any electrical equipment involved as soon as possible
- If possible avoid wading through a flammable liquid
- Do not interrupt the flow of a controlling fire until it is completely extinguished
Guard Post
- At the beginning of a shift or tour of duty an officer should know the location and whereabouts of any and all fire extinguishers and alarms
- An officer should immediately inspect the area for fire hazards at the start of their tour
Guard Post (Continued)
- The officer should know what procedures to follow during any incident and/or disaster.
Module 11: Basic Radio/Telephone Communications
- Radio and telephone communication is vital to ensure communication with any member of the security staff
- A fast, reliable, and clear communication system is essential to effective functioning.
Principles of Radio Procedure
- Following a set of clear procedures will ensure clarity and efficient communication
Principles of Radio Procedure (Continued)
- Key words such as “over”, “roger,” or “out” are used to clearly identify and confirm communications.
Abbreviated Call
- These unofficial call signs are important for identifying individuals working within a company or organization
Do's and Don'ts When Using a Radio
- Don't use foul or abusive language.
- Don't play music or other non-essential sounds
Security of Communications
- Safeguarding the information transmitted is mandatory
- Confidential information such as the movement of cash, or sensitive information or materials, must be reported correctly and promptly and be safeguarded
Introduction - Telephone Procedure
- The telephone system, in any organization, is the quickest and most efficient system for communication.
Principles of Telephone Procedures
- Be courteous and polite
- Have patience
- Have clear and confident communication
Phonetic alphabet
- This phonetic alphabet is extremely important to avoid any confusion within the communication system.
List of Telephone Numbers
- Having a clearly laid out list of emergency numbers helps to speed up communication in any crisis or danger
Writing Messages
- Any message must be correctly communicated to the person addressed, and must include specific information such as time and delivery instructions.
Conclusion
- Speedy and accurate communications in any organization is vital and essential to a safe and orderly system
Module 12: Basic Legal Aspects
- The aim of this module is defining the legal rights and limitations of security officers in regards to custody, arrests, and searches
Introduction
- Understanding criminal law is paramount to knowing what any security officer or organization may or may not do
Criminal Law of The Law
- Conduct punishable by the state is considered a crime, and must be viewed as such, allowing security officers to understand their guidelines
The Law (Continued)
- Understanding all sections of the law is mandatory for any security officer to perform their job properly
The Law (Continued)
- The actions of a security officer can sometimes constitute a criminal offense.
Criminal Procedure Act 51/1977
- Security officials have powers to arrest under this act. Section 42(3) provides relevant details.
Powers of Arrest: Section 42(3)
- Any person can arrest without a warrant in certain circumstances, which will be specified by the law
Powers of Arrest (Continued)
- Further clarification of how an arrest may be handled and the legality
Discussion of Section 42
- The company manager can authorize a security offical to arrest under their official duties
Method of Effecting an Arrest: Section 39
- The person arrested must be informed of their arrest, and the reason for the arrest.
Method of Effecting an Arrest (Continued)
- If the person refuses, the security officer carrying out the arrest must use force to ensure the person is taken into custody.
Arrest: Use of Force in Effecting
- Security officers are allowed to use force under lawful circumstances to ensure that any individual who is resisting arrest, or trying to escape, is brought, taken, or removed from the scene as quickly and lawfully as possible.
Procedure After Arrest: Section 50
- Individuals arrested must be transported as quickly as possible to the nearest police station.
- Ensuring quick and lawfully efficient processes is an important aspect of organizational security.
Search of Arrested Person and Seizure of Article: Section 23
- Officers who are not police officers can seize certain items from the arrested individual, with the conditions/restrictions defined in the law.
Trespass Act No 6/1959
- Prohibiting entry without permission from the landowner
- Individuals entering a premise without explicit permission or authority may be breaking or committing an illegal act
Trespass Act (Cont.)
- Clarification of permitted access restrictions on certain locations or properties are crucial
Security Officers Act 92 of 1987
- Defines what is considered a security service.
- Services are defined in terms of protection offered under specific agreements
Prohibition on the Rendering of Security Services
- To be able to offer security services, individual or organizations must be registered
Disqualifications
- Specific conditions for individuals or organizations to be registered are mandatory
Withdrawal of Registration by Board
- The Board may revoke a security officer's registration.
- Certain conditions may or may not qualify that person or organization.
Schedule to the Act
- List of offenses that may result in registration revocation of security officers under certain situations.
Payment of Annual Amounts
- Registered security officials or organizations are obligated to pay yearly fees according to regulations
Code of Conduct for Security Officers
- Security Officers are required to act according to the law when carrying out their duties
Code of Conduct (Cont.)
- Security officers need to act with honesty, integrity and not act with matters involving conflicts of interest without first getting the appropriate authorization to do so.
Code of Conduct (Cont.)
- Providing only services within an organization's scope and not claiming abilities that an organization does not have is vital.
- Officers are responsible for training staff and maintaining standards.
Module 13: Industrial Relations
- A strong understanding of Human Relations and how conflicts are handled and/or negotiated is vital to effective organizational prosperity
Definition: Disciplinary Code
- A disciplinary code is a system intended to create a work environment where workers understand, accept, and follow rules
Disciplinary Codes
- Disciplinary codes are essential in any organization
Disciplinary Codes (Continued)
- Disciplinary codes are not substitutes for effective or appropriate management but a guide for the implementation of appropriate measures.
- Understanding the procedures in place are vital for proper enforcement
Grievance Procedure
- Grievance proceedings can be used when there's conflict between employee and management
Grievance Procedure (Continued)
- A grievance is best dealt with promptly at the lowest possible level.
- Conflict resolution in any aspect of an organization will be managed quickly and effectively.
Conclusion
- A company prospers through good relationships between employer and employee.
Module 14: Human Rights
- The Bill of Rights in South Africa enshrines the rights of all people
The Bill of Rights is the Cornerstone of a Democracy
- The Bill of Rights protects the dignity and freedoms of all individuals in South Africa
- Individuals, and any person, must respect the rights of all other individuals.
Application of the Bill
- The Bill of Rights applies to all governing legislation.
Equality
- Every individual is subject to the same protections and/or benefits under the law.
Human Dignity
- All humans have inherent dignity and associated rights
Human Dignity (Continued)
- These include the right to life, freedom from security restrictions, privacy and freedom of association.
Children
- Children have specific rights to name, nationality, basic education, language, culture, religion, information and access to courts.
Arrested, Detained and Accused Persons
- Individuals subject to arrest, detention, or other legal processes have the right to remain silent, be informed of their rights, and a fair trial.
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