Good Hope School Secondary One History: Civilization (2024-2025)

GOOD HOPE SCHOOL 2024 – 2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) Topic 3 – Civilization In this lesson, you are expected to l...

GOOD HOPE SCHOOL 2024 – 2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) Topic 3 – Civilization In this lesson, you are expected to learn and apply: Concepts Skill Civilization – Definition, and the 6 major features Identify and describe features Environmental condition of the Fertile Crescent (Please remember all the keywords!) Explain (possible) reasons Task 1: Lesson preparation: Watch the video (-02:30) about urbanisation and cities, and write down some key development between prehistory and the present days. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKnAJCSGSdk The Stone Age Development in between… NOW (You can put down keywords/symbols/drawing) Picture from: https://hk.asiatatler.com/life/hong-kong-best-city-asia S1 History Term 1_Topic 3_Civilization Page 1 Features of Civilization (This mind map will be used for all topics related to civilization!) S1 History Term 1_Topic 3_Civilization Page 2 Features of Civilization (more): 1. Written languages ⮚ Written records of major events, trades, food storage, laws, and the government. ⮚ Writing was also developed as a form of art – e.g. poetry and calligraphy (see Art and Literature). 2. Government and laws ⮚ Governments and political leaders (e.g. kings and officials) emerged to maintain social order and set up laws. 3. Architecture ⮚ Large building and monuments ⮚ Also a reflection of artistic and technological development – involving many architects, engineers, craftsmen, artists, and builders. 4. Art and literature ⮚ Highly developed culture including art with distinct and unique styles – e.g. painting, pottery, sculpture, music. ⮚ Written language also developed as a form of art – e.g. poetry, calligraphy. 5. Religion ⮚ Complex and organized religion. ⮚ Religious leaders and institutions. ⮚ Elaborate religious rituals, ceremonies, traditions, belief systems. ⮚ Often closely associated with nature – e.g. to ensure a bountiful harvest by pleasing the gods. 6. Advanced economic activities ⮚ Advanced agriculture → surplus. ⮚ Monetary systems (use of money) as well as bartering (exchange of goods) were common. S1 History Term 1_Topic 3_Civilization Page 3  ⮚ Job specialization: people work different jobs and perform different functions to fulfil different needs of society. 7. Scientific and technological development ⮚ Based on the experience of their ancestors and the needs of society. ⮚ Developed an understanding of the natural world. ⮚ New inventions and practical tools. 8. Urbanization (cities) ⮚ Growth of large urban settlements (cities) as the centre of civilization. ⮚ Public infrastructure (e.g. roads, bridges, city walls, public buildings). S1 History Term 1_Topic 3_Civilization Page 4  Written languages Government and laws Architecture Art and literature Religion Advanced economy Science and technology Urbanization S1 History Term 1_Topic 3_Civilization Page 5 Task 2: Refer to book pp.23-25, the four ancient civilizations were also known as “river valley civilization”. Take the Fertile Crescent as an example, how did river lead to different characteristics of civilization? Source A: Profile of the Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia Archaeologists believe that Sumer in the Mesopotamia was the earliest civilization in the world. Evidence revealed human inhabitation in Mesopotamia for nearly 12,000 years. Geographical location: Between 2 rivers, namely, the Euphrates and the Tigris Climate factors: Mediterranean climate (地中海氣候), which means mild and rainy winters, relatively warm and dry summers. About 6,000 years ago, some of these agricultural settlements blossomed into some of the world’s first cities. A statue of a male Sumerian worshiper Sources: National Geographic (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVf5kZA0HtQ ) Guns, Germs. And Steel – The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond Picture from: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/323735 Questions: 1. Refer to book pp.23-25, the four ancient civilizations were also known as “river valley civilization”. Why? 2. Apart from rivers, what is another important factor that led to the development of civilization in Mesopotamia? S1 History Term 1_Topic 3_Civilization Page 6  Knowing More 1: Ea, (Akkadian), or Enki (Sumerian) Mesopotamian god of water. From a local deity worshiped in the city of Eridu, Ea evolved into a major god, Lord of Apsu, the fresh waters beneath the earth. In the Sumerian myth “Enki and the World Order,” Enki is said to have fixed national boundaries and assigned gods their roles. According to another Sumerian myth Enki is the creator, having devised men as slaves to the gods. He was commonly represented as a half-goat, half-fish creature, from which the modern astrological figure for Capricorn is derived. Ea (seated) and attendant deities, Sumerian cylinder seal, c. 2300 BC; in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. Link: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ea Knowing More 2: A Good Video by the National Geographic – Ancient Mesopotamia 101 Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVf5kZA0HtQ S1 History Term 1_Topic 3_Civilization Page 7