Bioanalytical Sciences - Sample Preparation - Microextractions PDF

Bioanalytical Sciences Sample collection, handling & preparation: Microextractions Dr. Isabelle Kohler 1 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Sample collection, handling and preparation Forensic Toxicology...

Bioanalytical Sciences Sample collection, handling & preparation: Microextractions Dr. Isabelle Kohler 1 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Sample collection, handling and preparation Forensic Toxicology Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Sampling Sample handling & preparation Doping Control Clinical Toxicology & Chemistry Biomarker Discovery Protein precipitation Liquid-liquid extraction Solid-phase extraction 2 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Sample preparation automation Sample cost preparation/ time pretreatment Green Sample difficulty Selectivity Chemistry preparation Eliminations of Use of chemistry techniques interferents reducing the use of hazardous reagents for human or environment. selectivity Time-consuming Solvent consumption Sample consumption High costs sensitivity 3 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Green Chemistry| Definitions Green Chemistry Anastas and Warner (1999) The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry (Chemical and pharmaceutical industry) 4 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Green Chemistry| Definitions Green Chemistry Namiesnik (2013) The Twelve Principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry) 5 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Green Chemistry| Definitions Dichloromethane/chloroform: depression of the CNS Hexane: neuropathy Alcohols: membrane and tissue irritation Safe Benzene: carcinogenecity Chemistry Methanol: blindness or ototoxicity via ingestion Namiesnik (2013) The Twelve Principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry) 6 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Green Chemistry| Definitions Eco-Scale to evaluate the greenness of analytical procedures Green Chemistry Namiesnik (2013) The Twelve Principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry) 7 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Green Q&A INTERMEZZO Chemistry Use of chemistry techniques reducing the use of hazardous reagents for How can I implement Green chemistry? human or environment. What are the possible strategies we could implement to follow the Green chemistry principle in the sample preparation step? 8  Green Q&A INTERMEZZO Chemistry Use of chemistry techniques reducing the use of hazardous reagents for How can I implement Green chemistry? human or environment. Substitution Solventless Miniaturization Non-toxic No solvent used Microextractions extraction agents Supercritical fluid Headspace analysis, Miniaturization of the extraction, ionic liquids, extraction with gas, procedure to decrease sample etc. thermal desorption, etc. and/or solvent volume 9  Microextractions | Liquid-based microextractions 10 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Microextractions | Solid-based microextractions 11 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Microextractions | SPME SPME Solid phase microextraction 12 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Microextractions | SPME SPME Solid phase microextraction (a) Teflon Y adapter, custom made. (b) Stainless steel Y adapter, custom made. (c) BD Saf-T-Intima TM closed IV catheter system. (d) Schematic showing the procedures of in vivo SPME sampling in rats where interface is connected to carotid artery catheter and blood flow through the interface established using push/pull action with a syringe, this strategy is also used for mice. (e) Schematic showing the procedures of in vivo SPME sampling in rats using Y-interface where blood is recirculated to the animal. Lord Nature (2011) 13 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Microextractions | MEPS MEPS Microextraction by packed sorbent 14 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Microextractions | DLLME DLLME Dispersive liquid- liquid microextraction Rezaee et al., (2006) 15 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Microextractions | SDME SDME Single drop microextraction In-solution Headspace 16 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Electroextraction | 3-phase electroextraction Raterink et al., Anal Chem (2013) 17 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Microextractions | A growing field! 18 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]  Sample collection, handling and preparation Forensic Toxicology Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Sampling Sample handling & preparation Doping Control Clinical Toxicology & Chemistry Biomarker Discovery Protein precipitation Liquid-liquid extraction Solid-phase extraction 19 Bioanalytical Sciences | [email protected]