3-4 - The Global Interstate System and Global Governance PDF

Module 3-4 THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION Global Interstate System and Global Governance (United Nations) ZOILO I. ADORABLE JR. The world needs a center, and some confidence that the center is holding: the United Nations is the only credible candidate....

Module 3-4 THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION Global Interstate System and Global Governance (United Nations) ZOILO I. ADORABLE JR. The world needs a center, and some confidence that the center is holding: the United Nations is the only credible candidate. Gareth John Evans Australia’s Foreign Minister, 1988 The Interstate System This is the focal point of the field of International Relations. For political scientist, this is usually refer to as the International System. https://pixabay.com/illustrations/globe-earth-world-globalization-65837/ Referring to the whole system of human interactions.  Understanding the Interstate System Interstate system can also be used as a unit of analysis in understanding the concept of War. Basic assumption according to the ‘realist perspective’: STATES are unitary actors. Interstates’ most important feature: It is anarchic and often face potential threats, thus, their main goal is security. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/interstate-system Why is there a need for Global Governance? To bring the world To maintain together in solving international international peace and problems of our time. security. What is Global Governance? The formal and informal arrangements that produce a degree of order and collective action above the state in the absence of a global government that involve coordination among state and non-state actors. (Young, 1999) Actors in Global Governance State Actors Non-State Actors Sovereign States Non-Governmental (U.S. Japan, etc.) Organization (NGO’s) International Governmental Church Organizations (IGOs) Global IGOs – e.g. U.N. Political Parties Regional IGOs – e.g. ASEAN Individual / People, etc. About the UNITED NATIONS The name "United Nations" was coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 1, 1942. About the UNITED NATIONS World War II - 1939 to 1945. 51 countries gathered in San Francisco World War II ended in 1945. Charter of the UN was signed on The world wanted PEACE! June 26, 1945 UNITED NATIONS Today, the United Nations serves as the primary organization for Photo by Mat Reding on Unsplash international: 1. Cooperation 2. Peace 3. Security Photo by Shane Rounce on Unsplash Photo by Daniel Mingook Kim on Unsplash Photo by Franck V. on Unsplash UNITED NATIONS The United Nations also deals with... Promoting Giving humanitarian development assistance. Photo by Ivan Bandura on Unsplash Photo by Hanna Morris on Unsplash UNITED NATIONS The United Nations also deals with... Protecting Upholding Promoting human rights international law democracy Photo by Gayatri Malhotra on Unsplash Photo by Bill Oxford on Unsplash Photo by Arnaud Jaegers on Unsplash  UNITED NATIONS An organization of sovereign States, which voluntarily join the UN to work for world peace. It formally came into being on October 24, 1945. At that time, it had 51 countries as Members. Currently, 193 countries are UN members; the most recent to join Photo by Mat Reding on Unsplash was South Sudan in July 2011. Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf  6 Main Organs The General Assembly The main deliberative organ of the United Nations. Comprised of all Member States, each of which has one vote, no matter its size or influence. May discuss any matter arising under the UN Charter. Decisions on international peace and security, admitting new Member States and the UN budget are decided by a two-thirds majority. Other matters are decided by a simple majority. Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf  6 Main Organs The Security Council Primary responsibility under the UN Charter to maintain international peace and security. May also decide to establish peacekeeping operations to promote lasting peace. Has 15 members, including 5 permanent members: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The other 10 rotating members are elected https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/new-york-usa-04-27-2017-791653981 by the General Assembly on the basis of geographical representation for two-year terms. Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf  6 Main Organs The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) The central body for coordinating the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN System. Has 54 members which are chosen for equal geographical representation and serve a three- year term. Voting in the Council is by simple majority; each member has one vote. The Council recommends and directs activities aimed at promoting economic growth of developing countries, supporting human rights and fostering world cooperation to fight poverty and under-development. Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf  6 Main Organs The Trusteeship Council To supervise the administration of 11 Trust Territories (former colonies or dependent territories) which were placed under the International Trusteeship System. The Trusteeship Council is comprised of the permanent members of the Security Council. Since its creation, more than 70 colonial Territories, including all 11 Trust Territories, have attained independence with the help of the United Nations. The last Trust Territory to become independent was Palau in 1994. Council decided formally to suspend its operation and to meet as and when occasion might require. Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf  6 Main Organs The International Court of Justice (ICJ) The UN’s main judicial organ, located in The Hague, Netherlands. Established in 1945, the ICJ, or “World Court” assumed its functions in 1946. The Court settles legal disputes only between nations and not between individuals, in accordance with international law. Since 1946, the International Court of Justice has considered over 150 cases and issued numerous judgments on international disputes. It is presided over by 15 judges elected for 9-year terms, each from a different nation, both by the General Assembly and the Security Council. Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf  6 Main Organs The Secretariat Made up of an international staff working at UN Headquarters in New York, as well as UN offices in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi and other locations. It consists of departments and offices with a total staff of 16,000 drawn from most Member States. They carry out the day-to-day work of the Organization. Responsible for servicing the other organs of the United Nations and administering the programs and policies laid down by them. Headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a 5-year term Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf https://www.un.org/en/pdfs/18-00159e_un_system_chart_17x11_4c_en_web.pdf Our Global Neighborhood A report of the Commission on Global Governance issued in 1995 Nations are interdependent and calling for a strengthened United Nations. https://archive.org/details/ourglobalneighbo00comm/mode/2up  Learn more about the United Nations: www.un.org Learn more about UN Member States: www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml Learn more about the UN Charter www.un.org/en/documents/charter/index.shtml Learn more about the UN General Assembly: www.un.org/en/ga/ Learn more about the UN Security Council: www.un.org/en/sc/ Learn more about the UN Economic and Social Council: www.un.org/en/ecosoc/ Learn more about the UN Trusteeship Council: www.un.org/en/decolonization/ Learn more about the International Court of Justice: www.icj-cij.org/ Learn more about the UN Secretariat: www.un.org/en/mainbodies/secretariat/ Learn more about the UN Secretary-General: www.un.org/sg/ Source: https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_te_UN_2013.pdf History of the United Nations (Digital Image Retrieved from (https://www.un.org/en/sections/history/history-united-nations/index.html Franklin D. Roosevelt Biography (Digital Image Retrieved from https://www.biography.com/us- president/franklin-d-roosevelt About the UN (Digital Image Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-un/ End of WWII (Digital Image Retrieved from https://www.moddb.com/mods/gawmod/images/end-of-wwii The long history of World War II (Digital Image Retrieved from https: //blog.oup.com/2015/04/history-world-war-ii/ The United Nations System (Digital Image Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/pdfs/18-00159e_un_system_chart_17x11_4c_en_web.pdf Our Global Neighborhood (Digital Image Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/ourglobalneighbo00comm/mode/2up https://archive.org/ Insert Icons from PPT http://visit.un.org https://visit.un.org/sites/visit.un.org/files/FS_This_is_the_UN_2013.pdf Thank You!