Q1-40 Oncology Exam Preparation PDF

MCQ Oncology Exam Prepara4on Q1. What is the primary characteris.c of cancer? A. Controlled division of cells B. Forma.on of benign masses C. Uncontrolled division of cells in specific.ssues or organs D. None of the above Q2. Which of the following are examples of biological carcinogens?...

MCQ Oncology Exam Prepara4on Q1. What is the primary characteris.c of cancer? A. Controlled division of cells B. Forma.on of benign masses C. Uncontrolled division of cells in specific.ssues or organs D. None of the above Q2. Which of the following are examples of biological carcinogens? A. Tobacco and UV rays B. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites C. Benzene and ionizing radia.on D. Sedentary lifestyle and obesity Q3. During the G1/S checkpoint, which of the following processes occurs? A. Centrosome duplica.on B. DNA polymerase ac.va.on C. Check for sufficient nutrients and DNA damage D. Mismatch repair Q4. Which mechanism is considered error-prone in DNA repair? A. Homologous recombina.on (HR) B. Mismatch repair (MMR) C. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) D. Base excision repair Q5. Which statement is true regarding tumor suppressor genes in cancer? A. They are hypoac.vated in cancer. B. They contribute to ac.va.ng cell growth and differen.a.on. C. They are responsible for autosomal recessive inheritance. D. None of the above Q6. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replica.on? A. G1 phase B. S phase C. G2 phase D. M phase Q7. What is the role of Rb protein in the cell cycle? A. Prevents the progression from G1 to S phase un.l condi.ons are met B. Ac.vates DNA replica.on C. Ini.ates mitosis D. Repairs DNA damage Q8. Which DNA repair mechanism uses a complementary strand as a template? A. Non-homologous end joining B. Base excision repair C. Mismatch repair D. Homologous recombina.on Q9. What happens during the M phase of the cell cycle?  A. DNA is replicated. B. Chromosomes are segregated into daughter cells. C. Nutrient levels are checked. D. DNA damage is repaired. Q10. Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned before separa.on? A. G1/S checkpoint B. G2/M checkpoint C. Metaphase to anaphase checkpoint D. DNA damage checkpoint Q11. What type of cancer is most likely to have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 muta.on? A. Breast and ovarian cancer B. Colorectal cancer C. Lung cancer D. Skin cancer Q12. What key feature defines a malignant tumor? A. Metasta.c poten.al B. Limited growth C. Large size D. Benign appearance Q13. Which type of therapy uses small molecules or an.bodies to target cancer? A. Chemotherapy B. Targeted therapy C. Hormonal therapy D. Immunotherapy Q14. Which cell cycle checkpoint prevents mitosis if DNA is damaged? A. G1/S checkpoint B. M checkpoint C. G2/M checkpoint D. None of the above Q15. What characteris.c allows tumors to evade apoptosis? A. Overexpression of Bcl-2 B. Downregula.on of VEGF C. Increased DNA repair D. Reduced angiogenesis Q16. Which pathway is commonly ac.vated in cancer to promote growth? A. MAPK pathway B. TGF-β pathway C. P53 pathway D. Nucleo.de synthesis pathway Q17. What immune cell type directly kills tumor cells? A. B-cells B. CD8+ T-cells C. Dendri.c cells D. Fibroblasts Q18. Which metabolic adapta.on is seen in cancer cells?  A. Reliance on oxida.ve phosphoryla.on B. Reduc.on in glucose uptake C. Increased reliance on lipids D. Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) Q19. What is the role of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression? A. Supports immune system ac.va.on B. Provides nutrients and growth signals to tumor cells C. Eliminates tumor cells via apoptosis D. Reduces angiogenesis Q20. Which checkpoint protein is directly involved in preven.ng cell cycle progression with DNA damage? A. Cyclin D B. ATM C. Rb D. p53 Q21. What feature allows cancer cells to grow uncontrollably? A. Ac.va.on of p53 B. Loss of contact inhibi.on C. Downregula.on of VEGF D. Overexpression of cytokines Q22. How does radia.on therapy work to treat cancer? A. Induces DNA damage in cancer cells B. Inhibits angiogenesis C. Ac.vates immune checkpoints D. Suppresses VEGF secre.on Q23. Which of the following is an example of a tumor suppressor gene? A. Ras B. Myc C. p53 D. HER2 Q24. What hallmark of cancer involves avoiding immune destruc.on? A. Sustaining prolifera.ve signaling B. Evading growth suppressors C. Ac.va.ng invasion and metastasis D. Evading immune system responses Q25. What is the primary purpose of a PET scan in oncology? A. Measure glucose uptake in.ssues B. Assess bone density C. Evaluate cardiac output D. Examine angiogenesis Q26. Which type of immunotherapy uses checkpoint inhibitors? A. Monoclonal an.bodies B. CAR-T cell therapy C. Cancer vaccines D. An.-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy Q27. What does "angiogenesis" refer to?  A. Forma.on of new blood vessels B. Programmed cell death C. DNA repair mechanisms D. Cell cycle regula.on Q28. Which of these cells is part of the adap.ve immune system? A. Macrophages B. Natural killer cells C. Neutrophils D. B-cells Q29. Which stage of the immunoedi.ng theory allows tumors to avoid immune destruc.on? A. Elimina.on B. Equilibrium C. Escape D. Dormancy Q30. What protein is involved in homologous recombina.on repair? A. Ku proteins B. Cyclin E C. BRCA1 D. ATM Q31. What effect does IL-10 have in the tumor microenvironment? A. S.mulates T-cell ac.va.on B. Enhances pro-inflammatory signaling C. Suppresses immune responses D. Induces apoptosis Q32. What role do tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play in cancer? A. Promote tumor growth and suppress immune ac.vity B. Induce DNA repair C. Facilitate chemotherapy effects D. Increase cytotoxic T-cell ac.vity Q33. Which hallmark of cancer is addressed by an.-VEGF therapy? A. Evading growth suppressors B. Sustaining prolifera.ve signaling C. Inducing angiogenesis D. Resis.ng cell death Q34. What is a key role of dendri.c cells in cancer immunity? A. Directly killing tumor cells B. Presen.ng an.gens to T-cells C. Producing VEGF D. Inhibi.ng angiogenesis Q35. Which cancer treatment uses radia.on to precisely target tumors? A. Hormonal therapy B. Proton therapy C. Immunotherapy D. Chemotherapy Q36. Which enzyme unwinds DNA for replica.on?  A. DNA polymerase B. Helicase C. Topoisomerase D. Ligase Q37. Which process is primarily disrupted in cancers with mismatch repair deficiency? A. DNA transcrip.on B. Double-strand break repair C. Replica.on fidelity D. Chromosome segrega.on Q38. What is the mechanism of ac.on of an.-PD-1 an.bodies? A. Block tumor-induced immune suppression B. Induce apoptosis in tumor cells C. Prevent DNA damage D. Promote angiogenesis Q39. How do CAR-T cells differ from natural T-cells? A. They require MHC-I for ac.va.on B. They are gene.cally engineered to target specific an.gens C. They are part of the innate immune system D. They inhibit angiogenesis Q40. What effect does hypoxia have on the tumor microenvironment? A. Enhances immune cell ac.vity B. Suppresses tumor growth C. Promotes angiogenesis D. Reduces VEGF secre.on Answer : 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. C