MCQ Oncology Exam Preparation PDF

MCQ Oncology Exam Prepara4on Q41. What protein complex regulates the G2/M checkpoint? A. Cdk1/Cyclin B B. Rb/E2F C. ATM/ATR D. Cyclin D/Cdk4 Q42. What is the significance of neoanIgens in cancer? A. They enhance DNA repair B. They are novel targets for immune recogniIon C. They...

MCQ Oncology Exam Prepara4on Q41. What protein complex regulates the G2/M checkpoint? A. Cdk1/Cyclin B B. Rb/E2F C. ATM/ATR D. Cyclin D/Cdk4 Q42. What is the significance of neoanIgens in cancer? A. They enhance DNA repair B. They are novel targets for immune recogniIon C. They reduce tumor growth D. They prevent angiogenesis Q43. Which therapy directly involves engineered immune cells? A. Chemotherapy B. RadiaIon therapy C. CAR-T cell therapy D. Hormonal therapy Q44. What was the first documented instance of immunizaIon? A. VaccinaIon campaigns by Edward Jenner in 1789 B. VariolaIon in 16th century China C. Louis Pasteur’s Germ Theory D. Coley’s toxin Q45. What observaIon led William Coley to hypothesize the use of infecIons to treat cancer? A. Spontaneous tumor remission in an osteosarcoma paIent aZer erysipelas infecIon B. EffecIveness of variolaIon in China C. Vaccine development by Louis Pasteur D. Improved paIent outcomes with anIbioIcs Q46. Which theory explains the ability of the immune system to detect and prevent cancerous cells from forming tumors? A. Germ Theory B. Immunosurveillance Theory C. Darwinian EvoluIon D. ImmunoediIng Theory Q47. Who first proposed the immunosurveillance theory? A. Edward Jenner B. William Coley C. F.M. Burnet D. P. Ehrlich Q48. Which phase of the immunoediIng theory involves the immune system exerIng selecIve pressure, leading to tumor dormancy? A. EliminaIon B. Equilibrium C. Escape D. IniIaIon Q49. During the eliminaIon phase of immunoediIng, which immune system components are primarily involved in eradicaIng tumor cells? A. B-cells and cytokines B. DendriIc cells and macrophages C. Natural killer cells and T-cells D. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells Q50. What is TRUE about neoanIgens? A. They are derived from normal cell proteins. B. They are unique to tumor cells and help immune cells recognize cancer. C. They suppress T-cell acIvity. D. They prevent tumor growth. Q51. Which immune system reacIon could be a result of misrecogniIon of harmless compounds? A. Autoimmune diseases B. Cytokine storms C. Allergies D. Cancer Q52. What occurs during the escape phase of immunoediIng? A. The immune system eradicates all cancer cells. B. Cancer cells acquire resistance to immune a`acks and grow uncontrollably. C. Immune cells enter a dormant state. D. Tumor cells are eliminated through apoptosis. Q53. Which type of immune cells are responsible for presenIng anIgens to T-cells? A. DendriIc cells B. Natural killer cells C. B-cells D. Fibroblasts Q54. What is a major limitaIon of the immunosurveillance theory? A. Lack of evidence for immune cells recognizing tumors B. Difficulty explaining tumor progression in immunocompetent individuals C. Focus on innate immunity over adapIve immunity D. Inability to explain tumor eliminaIon Q55. What molecule on tumor cells is essenIal for T-cell recogniIon via TCR? A. NeoanIgen-MHC complex B. Cytokines C. VEGF D. Fas ligand Q56. Which of the following is a primary funcIon of IFN-γ in tumor immunity? A. Suppress T-cell acIvity B. Induce tumor cell apoptosis and a`ract immune cells C. Promote tumor growth D. Inhibit anIgen presentaIon Q57. Why is the equilibrium phase oZen silent in terms of clinical symptoms? A. Tumors are completely eradicated. B. Tumor cells are inacIve.  C. The immune system is suppressed. D. Immune cells maintain a balance with tumor cells, prevenIng significant growth. Q58. What feature disInguishes adapIve immunity from innate immunity? A. Rapid response B. Non-specific acIon C. Memory and specificity for anIgens D. Lack of anIgen presentaIon Q59. What role does Darwinian microevoluIon play in cancer progression during the equilibrium phase? A. Tumor cells evolve new mechanisms to evade immune detecIon. B. Tumor cells reduce mutaIons to stabilize growth. C. Immune cells become more aggressive. D. Cancer cells become more suscepIble to apoptosis. Q60. What is the primary danger signal released by cells to a`ract immune responses to early tumor growth? A. Heat shock proteins and IFN-γ B. TGF-β C. VEGF D. MHC molecules Q61. What does Coley’s toxin demonstrate about cancer treatment? A. Surgery is the only effecIve cancer treatment. B. InfecIons can boost immune responses against tumors. C. Tumors are resistant to immune-based therapies. D. Toxins inhibit anIgen presentaIon. Q62. What is the primary role of the thymus in T-cell development? A. Eliminate self-reacIve T-cells B. Promote anIgen presentaIon C. Enhance cytokine producIon D. Suppress immune responses Q63. What disInguishes innate immunity from adapIve immunity? A. Involves anIgen presentaIon B. Is slow to respond C. Is immediate and non-specific D. Relies on memory of past infecIons Q64. Which mechanism allows tumors to avoid recogniIon by T-cells? A. UpregulaIon of MHC-I molecules B. DownregulaIon of MHC-I molecules C. Increased expression of cytokines D. AcIvaIon of Fas receptor Q65. How do cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to immune evasion? A. By producing VEGF B. By secreIng lactate C. By forming a collagen barrier around the tumor D. By inhibiIng FasL expression Q66. What is the role of VEGF in tumor immune escape? A. Promotes aerobic metabolism B. Enhances T-cell acIvaIon  C. Converts M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages D. Induces angiogenesis and reduces adherence factors on endothelial cells Q67. How do tumors resist apoptosis mediated by T-cells? A. DownregulaIng Fas and upregulaIng FasL B. Producing VEGF C. Increasing glucose availability D. Inducing NK cell acIvaIon Q68. What is a key characterisIc of the Warburg effect in tumors? A. Tumors rely on aerobic metabolism B. Tumors switch to glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen C. Tumors produce excess glucose D. Tumors avoid lactate producIon Q69. Why do immune cells become anergic in the tumor microenvironment? A. Excess glucose availability B. Lack of oxygen and glucose C. Increased VEGF levels D. High FasL expression Q70. What is the effect of lactate producIon by tumors? A. Enhances immune cell acIvity B. Lowers the pH of the tumor microenvironment, inhibiIng immune cell funcIon C. Promotes T-cell acIvaIon D. Increases oxygen availability Q71. How does hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment affect immune cells? A. Suppresses immune cell acIvity B. SImulates T-cell proliferaIon C. Enhances anIgen presentaIon D. Increases cytokine producIon Q72. Which cytokine is involved in increasing T-cell sensiIvity to apoptosis? A. IFN-γ B. TNF-α C. IL-2 D. IL-10 Q73. What transformaIon occurs in macrophages under tumor-induced condiIons? A. M2 macrophages become M1 macrophages B. M1 macrophages become M2 macrophages C. T-cells are converted into macrophages D. Natural killer cells are converted into macrophages Q74. How do tumors interfere with immune cell navigaIon? A. By producing nonfuncIonal ligands that block CXCR3 B. By secreIng funcIonal chemokine ligands C. By enhancing T-cell receptor acIvity D. By inhibiIng anIgen presentaIon Q75. What role do regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play in the tumor microenvironment? A. Enhance immune cell acIvity  B. Promote tumor immune suppression C. Inhibit VEGF producIon D. Convert fibroblasts into CAFs Q76. What is the effect of fibroblast conversion into CAFs? A. Enhances anIgen presentaIon B. Inhibits angiogenesis C. Builds a protecIve barrier around the tumor D. Reduces glucose uptake by tumor cells Q77. What happens when CD4 T-cells are converted in the tumor microenvironment? A. They become cytotoxic T-cells B. They transform into regulatory T-cells (Tregs) C. They increase NK cell acIvity D. They promote VEGF secreIon Q78. What mechanism allows tumors to suppress NK cell acIvity? A. DownregulaIon of MHC-I B. UpregulaIon of soluble ligands C. Increased Fas expression D. Reduced VEGF levels Q79. How do tumors promote the metabolic inhibitory mechanism? A. By acIvaIng FasL expression B. By suppressing VEGF secreIon C. By enhancing anIgen presentaIon D. By increasing lactate producIon and reducing oxygen availability Q80. Which immune cells are most affected by glucose depleIon in the tumor microenvironment? A. T-cells B. B-cells C. Natural killer cells D. Macrophages Answer : 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. A 60. A 61. B 62. A 63. C 64. B 65. C 66. D 67. A 68. B 69. B 70. B 71. A 72. D 73. B 74. A 75. B 76. C 77. B 78. B 79. D 80. A