S1 Geography Mid-Year Assessment Revision Notes (2024-25) PDF

S1 Geography Name: Mid-year Assessment Revision Notes (2024-25) Class (No.): ( ) GENERAL INFORMATION Date: 23/1/2025 (Thursday) Time: 45 minutes Total marks: 40...

S1 Geography Name: Mid-year Assessment Revision Notes (2024-25) Class (No.): ( ) GENERAL INFORMATION Date: 23/1/2025 (Thursday) Time: 45 minutes Total marks: 40 Question types: MC Questions (14 marks), Fill in the blanks (8 marks), Matching (6 marks) and Data- based Questions (12 marks) Syllabus: M1: Oceans in Trouble For knowledge details please refer to the lesson notes and assignments MODULE 1: Oceans in Trouble 1. Oceans and Seas Difference between ocean and sea: Oceans Seas Size Oceans are larger bodies of saltwater. Seas are smaller bodies of saltwater. Oceans do not have boundaries. Seas have boundaries. Boundary Water can flow freely among oceans. Water cannot flow freely among seas. 1. Pacific Ocean 2. Atlantic Ocean South Sea, Sea of Japan, Red Sea, Black Sea, Examples 3. Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea, Bo Hai etc. 4. Arctic Ocean 5. Southern Ocean 2. Marine Ecosystem All marine organisms are linked by the food they feed on. The feeding relationships among marine organisms are known as a food chain. The relationships are shown below: Tropic level 1st  2nd  3rd  4th Primary Secondary Tertiary Name Producers* consumers consumers consumers Phytoplankton Zooplankton Examples Smaller fish Larger fish Algae Krill *Producers can make their own food by photosynthesis. The detailed feeding relationships form a network of food chains, known as a food web. 1/4  3. Ocean Problem 1 – Overfishing Overfishing occurs when fish are caught at a rate faster than they can reproduce. There will not Definition be enough mature fish to reproduce young fish.  An increase in per capita income / increase in population  increase in demand for seafood  The development of more advanced and effective fishing technology  increase in total Causes fish catch  Destructive fishing practice (e.g. bottom trawling) (1) Destruction of habitats Ecological (2) Decrease in biodiversity impacts Impacts (3) Upsetting the balance of food web and the marine ecosystem Socio-economic (1) Unemployment impacts (2) Conflicts between countries* (1) practice sustainable fisheries, such as a. regulating and improving fishing practices, b. seasonal fishing ban and Solutions c. catch share programme (2) marine protected areas (MPAs)/ marine parks (3) education *Conflicts between countries arises in the South China Sea because of the competition of oil and natural gas reserves. This threatens the homeland security and resource security of China. 4. Ocean Problem 2 – Marine Pollution  Sewage Sources of  Oil  Oil spill marine  Solid waste pollution  Radioactive materials (1) Algal blooms Intensive farming activities use large amounts of chemical fertilizers  excessive nutrients are washed into the rivers  increasing nutrient levels in coastal waters  algal blooms as eutrophication Ecological Respiration and decomposition of algae use up oxygen in the waters  Impacts of impacts most forms of life cannot survive because of a lack of oxygen, forming marine dead zones pollution (2) Threatening marine life (3) Food chain contamination (1) Economic loss Socio-economic (2) Health risk impacts (3) Loss of recreational resources 5. Importance of Ocean Oceans hold most of the world’s water. They contribute to different components of the water cycle, such as … To the natural environment Processes Descriptions The transfer of water from the surface of the Earth to Evaporation the atmosphere 1. Oceans regulate The process by which water vapor in the air turn into water cycle. Condensation water droplets Precipitation The fall of water from the air to Earth surface Surface runoff The flow of water occurring on the ground surface The movement of water into the ground from the Infiltration surface Groundwater flow The flow of water underground 2/4  2. Oceans regulate Warm ocean current Cold ocean current temperature Direction Poleward Equatorward through warm Bringing warm water to the Bringing cold water to the and cold ocean Impacts places with higher latitudes  places with lower latitudes  currents. higher temperature lower temperature On temperature… Places located near the coast usually has … a cooler summer a warmer winter As ocean absorbs heat more slowly Water loses heat more slowly than the than land  Ocean is cooler than land land  Ocean is warmer than land in 3. Oceans regulate in summer  The onshore winds winter  The onshore winds brings a temperature and bring a cooler climate to the area. warmer climate to the area precipitation Result in a smaller annual range of temperature through maritime climate. On precipitation… Coastal regions Inland areas Onshore wind from ocean brings lots Moisture lost on the way moving of moisture to coastal region  more inland  moisture cannot reach precipitation inland region  lower precipitation  Obtained from either wild capture or fish farming  Most of the major fish grounds are located at continental shelves because they are 1. Oceans provide a. in a shallow region: us with fish, Phytoplankton grows well  provides  Sunlight can pass shellfish, and a rich source of food for fish  A through the water easily plants for food.  large number of fish is nourished in b. at the edge of a continent: continental shelves  good fishing To human beings  adequate supply of grounds nutrients from land 2. Oceans provide us with different types of energy resources, e.g.  oil / fossil fuels and natural gas,  wind power, and  tidal power. 3. Oceans provide us with mineral resources, e.g. salt, sand and gravel, and precious metal and gemstones. 4. Oceans provide us with recreation and tourism resources. 5. Oceans helps with trading and transportation. 6. Oceans helps with waste storage and treatment. 3/4 QUESTION TYPE AND ANSWERING STRATEGIES Question Type Example Answering Strategies Identify/ State/ Name the ocean. (1 mark) – Only identify the problem with a name / concept Name (1 mark) term (Do not copy the words from the source).  Attention to every detail in the source provided Quote/ cite (map/ Quote evidence to  Direct quotation of relevant part of the source that can photo) evidence support your answer. support your answer (1 mark) just the numeric answer with unit (2 marks) numeric answer with unit + step Examples:  Annual precipitation: the sum of monthly precipitation Calculate the percentage  Annual mean temperature: Calculate change in the number of the average of monthly mean temperature fish.  Annual range of temperature: maximum monthly mean temperature – minimum monthly mean temperature  Percentage change: 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑂𝑙𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 × 100% 𝑂𝑙𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 Explain with reference to  Source(s) provided Explain how human  Own knowledge Explain activity X leads to Steps to explain: overfishing.  Identify concepts A and B  Define on concepts A and B  Explain the linkage between concepts A and B END 4/4