S1 Geography Mid-Year Assessment: Oceans in Trouble

Areas where the ocean floor slopes gently away from the continents, creating a shallow, fertile zone.

The ocean provides various energy resources, such as oil and gas, wind power, and tidal power.

Oceans are rich in minerals, providing materials like salt, sand, gravel, and precious metals.

Oceans provide space for tourism, recreation activities, and leisure.

Oceans play a role in waste management and treatment, contributing to the overall health of the planet.

Large bodies of saltwater that encompass vast areas and have no boundaries, allowing water to flow freely between them.

Smaller bodies of saltwater that are usually enclosed by landmasses. Water flow is limited within a sea.

The interconnected relationships between different marine organisms based on their food sources. It shows how energy flows through the ocean ecosystem.

The lowest trophic level in a food chain, consisting of organisms like phytoplankton and algae. These are the primary producers that create their own food through photosynthesis.

Organisms that eat producers (like phytoplankton). They occupy the second level of the food chain.

Organisms that eat primary consumers. They occupy the third level of the food chain.

Organisms that eat secondary consumers, found at the top of the food chain. They include larger fish, sharks, and marine mammals.

When fish are caught at a rate faster than their ability to reproduce, leading to a decline in fish populations.

The process of water changing from liquid to gas and rising into the atmosphere.

When water vapor in the air cools and changes back into liquid water forming clouds.

Water falling from the atmosphere to Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet or hail.

Water flowing over the land surface, often towards rivers and oceans.

Water soaking into the ground from the surface.

Water moving underground through rock layers.

Ocean currents that carry warm water towards the poles.

Ocean currents that carry cold water towards the equator.

The demand for seafood increases when the population grows and people have more money to spend.

More advanced fishing methods, like better nets and boats, mean more fish can be caught.

Bottom trawling drags heavy nets along the seabed, damaging habitats and harming marine life.

Pollution from things like sewage, oil spills, and garbage harms marine life and can create 'dead zones' where nothing can survive.

Excess nutrients from fertilizers cause algae to bloom, using up oxygen and creating 'dead zones' where fish suffocate.

Marine pollution can contaminate seafood, harm marine wildlife, and even impact human health.

Solutions to overfishing include managing fishing practices, establishing marine protected areas, and educating people about sustainable seafood.

Countries fighting over resources like oil in the South China Sea can cause tension and conflict.

Coastal areas experience cooler summers compared to inland areas due to the ocean's ability to absorb heat slowly.

Coastal areas experience warmer winters compared to inland areas because the ocean releases heat more slowly.

The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures experienced in a year is known as the annual temperature range.

Coastal areas typically have a smaller annual temperature range compared to inland areas due to the moderating effect of the ocean.

Coastal areas receive more rainfall than inland areas because onshore winds carry moisture from the ocean.

Inland areas receive less rainfall than coastal areas because the wind has lost most of its moisture by the time it reaches inland.

The combination of temperature and precipitation patterns in a coastal region is referred to as a maritime climate.

Oceans are vital sources of food for humans, providing fish, shellfish, and plants.