S1 Geography Mid-Year Assessment: Oceans in Trouble
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Questions and Answers

What is one natural resource that oceans provide?

  • Coal
  • Lumber
  • Freshwater
  • Salt (correct)

Which of the following energy resources is NOT provided by oceans?

  • Tidal power
  • Wind power
  • Natural gas
  • Solar energy (correct)

How do oceans support trading and transportation?

  • By acting as routes for shipping (correct)
  • Through mineral extraction
  • Through recreational activities
  • By providing freshwater sources

Which of the following is a benefit of continental shelves?

<p>Good fishing grounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the recreational role of oceans is true?

<p>Oceans contribute to tourism and recreation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process by which water vapor in the air turns into water droplets?

<p>Condensation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the flow of water occurring on the ground surface?

<p>Surface runoff (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an ocean and a sea?

<p>Oceans are larger bodies of saltwater while seas are smaller. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do warm ocean currents affect temperature regulation?

<p>By bringing warm water to higher latitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary consumer in the marine ecosystem?

<p>Zooplankton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the movement of water into the ground from the surface?

<p>Infiltration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of oceans in the water cycle?

<p>Oceans regulate all components of the water cycle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes overfishing?

<p>Catching fish at a rate faster than they can reproduce. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What direction do cold ocean currents generally flow?

<p>Equatorward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ocean is NOT listed as an example of an ocean in the content?

<p>Mediterranean Sea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the relationships among marine organisms?

<p>Feeding relationships form a complex food web. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the fall of water from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface?

<p>Precipitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is directly involved in the transfer of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere?

<p>Evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the marine food chain, what role do phytoplankton serve?

<p>Producers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'trophic level' refer to in an ecosystem?

<p>The classification of marine organisms based on their feeding relationships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of seas?

<p>Seas are larger bodies of saltwater than oceans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ecological impact is a direct result of destructive fishing practices like bottom trawling?

<p>Destruction of habitats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do algal blooms primarily form in coastal waters?

<p>From the runoff of chemical fertilizers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a socio-economic impact of marine pollution?

<p>Loss of recreational resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the proposed solutions to mitigate the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems?

<p>Establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon known as eutrophication?

<p>Excessive nutrient levels leading to algal blooms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do oceans affect summer temperatures in coastal areas?

<p>Oceans cool down slower than land. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What climatic effect do onshore winds from the ocean have in winter?

<p>They result in warmer temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct consequence of marine pollution on marine life?

<p>Contamination of the food chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increased per capita income relate to seafood demand?

<p>It increases demand for seafood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the smaller annual range of temperatures in coastal regions?

<p>Influence of maritime climate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be one of the ecological impacts from the respiration and decomposition of algae in polluted waters?

<p>Creation of dead zones due to oxygen depletion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do coastal regions experience more precipitation than inland areas?

<p>Onshore winds carry moisture from the ocean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason most major fish grounds are located at continental shelves?

<p>More sunlight penetrates, supporting phytoplankton growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of fish, shellfish, and plants from the oceans?

<p>Commercial fishing practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to moisture as it moves from coastal areas to inland regions?

<p>Moisture decreases significantly due to distance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions allow phytoplankton to thrive in the ocean?

<p>Adequate sunlight penetration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Continental Shelves

Areas where the ocean floor slopes gently away from the continents, creating a shallow, fertile zone.

Ocean Energy Resources

The ocean provides various energy resources, such as oil and gas, wind power, and tidal power.

Ocean Mineral Resources

Oceans are rich in minerals, providing materials like salt, sand, gravel, and precious metals.

Ocean Recreation and Tourism

Oceans provide space for tourism, recreation activities, and leisure.

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Ocean Waste Storage and Treatment

Oceans play a role in waste management and treatment, contributing to the overall health of the planet.

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Oceans

Large bodies of saltwater that encompass vast areas and have no boundaries, allowing water to flow freely between them.

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Seas

Smaller bodies of saltwater that are usually enclosed by landmasses. Water flow is limited within a sea.

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Food Chain

The interconnected relationships between different marine organisms based on their food sources. It shows how energy flows through the ocean ecosystem.

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Producers

The lowest trophic level in a food chain, consisting of organisms like phytoplankton and algae. These are the primary producers that create their own food through photosynthesis.

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Primary Consumers

Organisms that eat producers (like phytoplankton). They occupy the second level of the food chain.

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Secondary Consumers

Organisms that eat primary consumers. They occupy the third level of the food chain.

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Tertiary Consumers

Organisms that eat secondary consumers, found at the top of the food chain. They include larger fish, sharks, and marine mammals.

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Overfishing

When fish are caught at a rate faster than their ability to reproduce, leading to a decline in fish populations.

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Evaporation

The process of water changing from liquid to gas and rising into the atmosphere.

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Condensation

When water vapor in the air cools and changes back into liquid water forming clouds.

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Precipitation

Water falling from the atmosphere to Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet or hail.

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Surface runoff

Water flowing over the land surface, often towards rivers and oceans.

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Infiltration

Water soaking into the ground from the surface.

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Groundwater flow

Water moving underground through rock layers.

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Warm ocean currents

Ocean currents that carry warm water towards the poles.

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Cold ocean currents

Ocean currents that carry cold water towards the equator.

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Increasing Demand for Seafood

The demand for seafood increases when the population grows and people have more money to spend.

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Advanced Fishing Technology

More advanced fishing methods, like better nets and boats, mean more fish can be caught.

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Bottom Trawling's Impact

Bottom trawling drags heavy nets along the seabed, damaging habitats and harming marine life.

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Marine Pollution Sources

Pollution from things like sewage, oil spills, and garbage harms marine life and can create 'dead zones' where nothing can survive.

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Algal Blooms and Dead Zones

Excess nutrients from fertilizers cause algae to bloom, using up oxygen and creating 'dead zones' where fish suffocate.

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Impacts of Marine Pollution

Marine pollution can contaminate seafood, harm marine wildlife, and even impact human health.

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Solutions to Overfishing

Solutions to overfishing include managing fishing practices, establishing marine protected areas, and educating people about sustainable seafood.

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Conflicts over Marine Resources

Countries fighting over resources like oil in the South China Sea can cause tension and conflict.

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Coastal areas and summer temperatures

Coastal areas experience cooler summers compared to inland areas due to the ocean's ability to absorb heat slowly.

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Coastal areas and winter temperatures

Coastal areas experience warmer winters compared to inland areas because the ocean releases heat more slowly.

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Annual temperature range

The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures experienced in a year is known as the annual temperature range.

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Coastal areas and annual temperature range

Coastal areas typically have a smaller annual temperature range compared to inland areas due to the moderating effect of the ocean.

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Coastal areas and precipitation

Coastal areas receive more rainfall than inland areas because onshore winds carry moisture from the ocean.

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Inland areas and precipitation

Inland areas receive less rainfall than coastal areas because the wind has lost most of its moisture by the time it reaches inland.

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Maritime climate

The combination of temperature and precipitation patterns in a coastal region is referred to as a maritime climate.

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Oceans and food

Oceans are vital sources of food for humans, providing fish, shellfish, and plants.

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Study Notes

S1 Geography Mid-Year Assessment Revision Notes

  • Date: 23rd January 2025 (Thursday)
  • Time: 45 minutes
  • Total Marks: 40
  • Question Types: Multiple Choice (MC), Fill in the Blanks, Matching, Data-Based Questions
  • Syllabus: Module 1: Oceans in Trouble

Oceans and Seas

  • Oceans: Larger bodies of saltwater with no boundaries. Water flows freely among them.
  • Seas: Smaller bodies of saltwater with boundaries. Water flow is restricted.
  • Examples of Oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern
  • Examples of Seas: South China Sea, Sea of Japan, Red Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Bo Hai

Marine Ecosystem

  • Food Chains: The feeding relationships among marine organisms.
  • Tropic Levels: Different feeding stages in a food chain.
    • Producers: Organisms that make their own food (e.g., phytoplankton, algae)
    • Primary Consumers: Organisms that feed on producers (e.g., zooplankton, krill)
    • Secondary Consumers: Organisms that feed on primary consumers (e.g., smaller fish)
    • Tertiary Consumers: Organisms that feed on secondary consumers (e.g., larger fish)
    • Top Consumers/Apex Predator or Decomposers : Organisms at the top of the food chain (e.g., top predators like tuna)
  • Food Webs: A complex network of interconnected food chains.

Ocean Problem 1: Overfishing

  • Definition: Catching fish faster than they can reproduce.
  • Causes: Increased demand for seafood, advancement in fishing technology, destructive fishing methods (e.g., bottom trawling).
  • Impacts: Ecological (habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, disruption of food webs), Socio-economic (job losses, conflicts between countries).
  • Solutions: Implementing sustainable fishing practices, regulating fishing methods, establishing marine protected areas.

Ocean Problem 2: Marine Pollution

  • Sources: Sewage, oil spills, solid waste, radioactive materials, algal blooms.
  • Impacts: Ecological (eutrophication, dead zones), Socio-economic (economic losses, health risks, loss of resources).

Importance of Oceans

  • Water Cycle Regulation: Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, groundwater flow.
  • Temperature Regulation: Warm and cold ocean currents influence global temperatures.
  • Climate Regulation: Maritime climates moderate temperatures and precipitation.
  • Resource Provision: Food (fish, shellfish), energy (oil, gas, wind power, tidal power), minerals (salt, sand, gravel), recreation, and transportation.
  • Waste Management: Potential for storage and treatment.

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S1 Geography Mid-Year Assessment Revision Notes (2024-25) PDF

Description

Prepare for your S1 Geography Mid-Year Assessment with these revision notes focused on Oceans in Trouble. This quiz covers important concepts including the differences between oceans and seas, marine ecosystems, and food chains. Test your knowledge with multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, and more!

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