AP World History Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (1200-1450) Presentation PDF

AP World History Mr. O'Flanagan Unit 2: Networks of Exchange Indian Ocean Trade, 1200-1450 CE Lesson 2.3  Hello Friends and welcome! If you were a merchant traveling the Indian Ocean trade routes, what unique item from Taiwan would you bring to trade, and why? How do you think other tr...

AP World History Mr. O'Flanagan Unit 2: Networks of Exchange Indian Ocean Trade, 1200-1450 CE Lesson 2.3  Hello Friends and welcome! If you were a merchant traveling the Indian Ocean trade routes, what unique item from Taiwan would you bring to trade, and why? How do you think other traders and cultures would react to it  Lesson Objectives ★ Explain the causes of the growth of network of exchange after 1200 ★ Explain the effects of growth of networks of exchange after 1200 ★ Explain the role of environmental factors in the development of networks of exchange in the period from 1200-1450 CE Context: Most of the volume being traded around the world at this point was being done here, in the Indian Ocean. ○ Think silks and porcelains for the Silk road ○ Textiles, coffee, lumber  Indian Ocean Trade Outline 1st wave (First Civilization): short distances, close to the coast 2nd wave (0-500 CE): technology made it easier and the first longer distance travels occur 3rd wave (500-1500 CE): empires start to find faster ways to trade over Background of the Indian Ocean Trade in the Indian Ocean goes back to early civilizations Early expeditions were short distance along the coasts Exception: Malay sailors who went to Indonesia and East Africa on canoes ○ Trade Spread: Language, crops (bananas, coconuts, and taro (enriched the African diet), Malayo-Polynesian xylophone Background of the Indian Ocean Travel picked up when mariners learned how to ride the monsoons What helped facilitate trade? ○ Improvements in sails (lateen sails) ○ New kinds of ships (junks with sternpost rudders) ○ New ways to calculate latitude (astrolobe) ○ Updates on the magnetic compass and needle Early Expeditions: ○ Romans to India (Impact of trade: Spread of Christianity to parts of Environmental Knowledge Knowledge of monsoon winds - Essential for trade in Indian Ocean Merchants had to time voyages carefully 3 Areas Impacted by the Indian Ocean Trade 1.India 2.Southeast Asia 3.East Africa  India: Center of Trade India was the center of this new trade Political & religious beliefs were spread to other areas (ie: Hinduism & Buddhism to Southeast Asia) What increased trade between 500-1500 CE? 1. China was stable (after the fall of the Han Dynasty) and started to trade again 2. Spread of Islam, which was  Causes of Expanded Exchange South Asia – because of location – benefited from trade Spread of Islam – connected more cities Muslims were the dominate seafarers ○ Key figures in transporting goods Cities in India (Calicut) Causes of Expanded Exchange Calicut – thrived on sale of spices Trades from Arabia/China – exchange goods Local rulers welcomed Muslim/Chinese merch. ○ Wealth and Demand of Specialized Products Each region had something to offer… India: high quality fabrics, cotton, carpets, steel, tanned leather, stonework, pepper Malaysia: known as spice islands – nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=Yk7MzDWo Rsg Islam’s Impact on Indian Ocean Trade How did the spread of Islam help Indian Ocean Trade? As Dar al-Islam spread, so did the desire to connect trade and economies (Muhammad was a trader) What impact did Islam have on India? Gold & silver came to India to purchase materials Muslim (& Jews) merchants & sailors established trading communities in India Prosperity of Islam led to widespread conversion (which resulted in more trade) Slaves were in high demand to replant land in the Middle East Helped create “a maritime Silk Road” “Indianization” of Southeast Asia Political Impact ○ Leaders used their wealth to construct large, centralized governments Cultural Impact ○ Spread of Hinduism, Buddhism & Islam ○ Spread of language Example #1: Srivijaya Indians & Chinese opened a route between them in the Straits of Malacca (350 CE) Port cities along the strait led to competition for traders & travelers (like Sumatra) This competition led to the Malay kingdom of Why was Srivijaya Successful? Large supply of gold Access to the source of desirable spices (cloves, nutmeg, mace) Taxing ships as they went through the Strait Southeast Asian Examples: Example #2: Funan (Vietnam & Cambodia) ○ Hosted merchants from India & China ○ Traded with: Romans, Persians, Central Asians & Arabia Example #3: Khmer Kingdom of Angkor (Cambodia) ○ Exported exotic forest products ○ Traded with:Chinese, Indians, Vietnam, Java Example #4: Champa (Vietnam) ○ Traded with:China, Java What was Culturally Spread to Southeast Asia? 1. Indian alphabet (Sanskrit & Pallava) were used to write many Southeast Asian languages 2. Indian artistic forms were examples for sculpture & architecture 3. Indian epic story (Ramayana) was widely popular in the region  Largest Buddhist monument in Example: the world, nourmous mountain- Borobudar in Java shaped structure Carvings show the spiritual journey from ignorance to enlightenment  Largest ancient temple Example: Angkor Used by both Hindus (originally Wat dedicated to Vishnu) & Buddhist today  What was Politically Spread to Southeast Asia? 1. SE Asian rulers liked the Indian belief that their leaders were god-kings 2. Liked the idea of karma (which legitmized the rich & powerful) 3. Srivijayan monarchs employed Indians as advisers & officials 4. Indian advisors used the indiginous belief that chiefs  Most Southeast Asian societies Family Life in traced their heritage by the Southeast Asia father and mother’s lines (unlike the Chinese & Indians) Women had fewer restrictions & impact on public life Women could: ○ own property together with their husband ○ initiate divorce ○ serve as gladiators, warriors, members of the palace staff, poets, artists, and religious teachers Background of East Africa’s Trade Early Swahili traded with Arabs, Greeks, and Roman merchants More trade came with the rise of Islam What was desired from East Africa? ○ Gold, ivory, quartz, leopard skins, sometimes slaves East African States No larger territorial state dominated all of the Swahili states, but smaller cities sprung up (Lamu, Mombasa, Kilwa, Sofala) Swahili boats were found on the coast, What was Culturally Spread to East Africa? Many came and settled along the coast Swahili language (mix of Bantu & Arab) Art impacted by India & China What was the Economic Impact to East Africa? Coastal cities were the middle men between the traders and the interior producers of goods (gold) Example: Great Zimbabwe  Zheng He Reflected these transfers Went on 7 great voyages to show might of Ming Dynasty Emperor wanted tribute Opened up new markets for Chinese goods Returned to China with first giraffe ○ Controversy: Confucianism – some thought foreign culture