Navy Security Force Sentry Use of Force & Deadly Force PDF

Center for Security Forces Navy Security Force Sentry Use of Force and Deadly Force Lesson Topic 2.2 A-830-2216 (Rev-C) 2-2-1  Lesson Topic Outline Introduction Terms and Definitions DoD Direc...

Center for Security Forces Navy Security Force Sentry Use of Force and Deadly Force Lesson Topic 2.2 A-830-2216 (Rev-C) 2-2-1  Lesson Topic Outline Introduction Terms and Definitions DoD Directives Mental Preparation General Types of Subjects Levels of the Use of Force Continuum Deadly Force Triangle Guidance for Carry and Use of Firearms Less Than Lethal Force (Non-Lethal Force) Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force Guidance on Use of Deadly Force 2-2-2  Introduction In the arming of security force personnel comes the responsibility to employ lethal and non-lethal force. – The most significant decision armed personnel will make, is whether to use force and to what level force should be employed. – When force becomes necessary, it must be delivered in an effective and reasonable manner that falls within acceptable guidelines. Always use the minimum force necessary! 2-2-3  Terms and Definitions Force: – Physical presence, action, or exercise of strength to compel another to act or refrain from certain behavior. Deadly Force: – Force that is likely to cause, or that a person knows or should know would create a substantial risk of causing, death or serious bodily harm or injury. 2-2-4  Terms and Definitions Imminent: – A level of certainty that something is ready to happen, and is more likely tied to circumstances rather than a fixed period of time. Imminent Threat: – The determination of whether the danger of death or serious bodily harm is “imminent” will be based on an assessment of all the facts and circumstances known to DoD forces at the time and may be made at any level. 2-2-5  “Use of Force” DoD Directives CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. “L”): Standing Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (SRUF) – Enclosure “L” of this instruction provides operational guidance and establishes fundamental policies and procedures governing actions taken by DoD forces performing civil support missions and routine service functions (including AT/FP duties) within the U.S. territory (including US territorial waters). 2-2-6  “Use of Force” DoD Directives SECNAVINST 5500.29C: Use of Deadly Force and the Carrying of Firearms by Personnel of the Department of the Navy in Conjunction with Law Enforcement, Security Duties, and Personal Protection. DoD Directive 5210.56: Arming and the Use of Force. DoD Directive 3000.03E: DoD Executive Agent for Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) and NLW Policy. 2-2-7  Mental Preparation Combat Mindset: Training of mental preparation is the foundation to success. – Alertness: Remain focused on any possible threat to avoid surprise; always be prepared for the worst case scenario. – Decisiveness: Determine a course of action and follow through with that decision. – Aggressiveness: Once the decision is made to assault, violence of action should be the mindset. 2-2-8  Mental Preparation Combat Mindset (Cont.…) – Speed of Action: Your actions should be deliberate, smooth, and fast; end the action before the adversary knows its over. – Self Control: Keep a mental presence of mind to deal with one problem at a time. – Determination: The ability to use power and resources without reservation to stop the threat. 2-2-9  Mental Preparation Stages of Mental Awareness – White: State of total vulnerability. – Yellow: State of non-specific alert. – Orange: State of specific alert. – Red: Mentally prepared to use deadly force. – Black: Improper mental conditioning. 2-2-10  Mental Preparation Judgment – Most important trait required to effectively employ the Use of Force Continuum is Sound Judgment. – To properly select the necessary level of force required to compel compliance, members must: Recognize one’s own mindset. Categorize the type of subject. Know the Use of Force Continuum. 2-2-11  General Types of Subjects Personnel may encounter two general types of subjects: – PASSIVE: Person does NOT physically resist. – ACTIVE: Person who physically resists. 2-2-12  General Types of Subjects Passive Compliant: – Will follow verbal task directions. Passive Resistor: – Will not follow task direction. Active Resistor: – Will not follow task direction. – Physically resists, but does not attack! Active Aggressor: – Will not follow task direction; physically attacks! 2-2-13 Levels of Use of Force Continuum PASSIVE 6. DEADLY SUBJECT FORCE 5. NON-LETHAL FORCE 4. HARD CONTROL 2. VERBAL ACTIVE COMMANDS SUBJECT 1. PRESENCE 2-2-14 Deadly Force Triangle Last Resort! OP Y PO 1 LT 2 RT BI Shotgun PA U Pistol NI CA Rifle TY INTENT 3 2-2-15 Deadly Force Triangle Capability Intent Opportunity 2-2-16  Carry and Use of Firearms Personnel shall NOT use, carry, or possess personal weapons while in performance of assigned duties. Government-owned weapons shall not be carried when in an off-duty status. – They shall NOT be kept in private residences. – Weapons will only be stored in approved security containers or armories. – Only ammunition obtained through Navy supply system shall be used. 2-2-17  Carry and Use of Firearms Authority to arm personnel is vested in CO. – Personnel engaged in force protection and security duties shall be armed & weapons shall be loaded. – Authorization to carry firearms shall be in writing, documented on OPNAV Form 5512/2. – Must have NO conviction of Domestic Violence: Must complete DD Form 2760 to carry firearms. 2-2-18  Carry and Use of Firearms A weapon should not be removed from the holster unless there is reasonable expectation that use of the weapon may be necessary. NOTE: Drawing the weapon, although drawn with reasonable expectation of use, does not mean the individual MUST use the weapon. 2-2-19  Carry and Use of Firearms When a firearm is discharged, it will be fired with the intent of rendering the person(s) at whom it is discharged incapable of continuing the activity or course of behavior prompting the individual to shoot. Shots shall be fired only with regard for the safety of innocent bystanders. – Shots will NOT be fired if likely to significantly increase the danger to innocent bystanders. 2-2-20  Carry and Use of Firearms Warning Shots – Warning shots are not authorized within U.S. Territory (including territorial waters), EXCEPT in the appropriate exercise of force protection, and protection of U.S. Navy & Naval Service Vessels. Unit commanders, or designated tactical weapons release authority, shall establish procedures for weapons employment to include warning shots. The CO, giving consideration to avoid fratricide & collateral damage, will designate gun mounts or posts authorized to fire warning shots. 2-2-21  Carry and Use of Firearms Training requirements for personnel required to be armed in the performance of security and law enforcement duties; – Weapons qualified IAW OPNAV 3591.1F – Non-Lethal Weapons – Use of Force and Deadly Force – Rules of Engagement (ROE) 2-2-22  Less Than Deadly Force Force is to be used only as a last resort. The use of force must be reasonable in intensity, duration and magnitude, based on the totality of circumstances to counter the threat. The use of force should be applied in a progressive and sequential manner whenever possible. 2-2-23  Less Than Deadly Force Escalation – The use of force continuum need not be applied in a sequential order. – Escalating the use of force without progressing to the next level of force may be appropriate given the resistance, threat, or circumstances. De-escalation – When time & circumstances permit, the threatening force (or individual) should be warned and given the opportunity to withdraw, or cease threatening action(s). 2-2-24  Use of Force Continuum The service member's use of the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop drives the function of the force continuum. 2-2-25 Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force NLW capabilities provide “the lesser means” that could be considered prior to using deadly force. Non-Lethal capabilities provide a wider range of options that augment, but do not replace traditional means of deadly force. The use of NLW does not mean that there is no chance of producing fatalities or permanent injuries. 2-2-26 Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force Use Proportional Force – When the “Use of Force” is necessary to control a situation; The nature, duration, and scope of the engagement should not exceed that which is required to decisively counter the hostile act or the demonstrated hostile intent, and continue protection of U.S. forces or other protected personnel/property. 2-2-27  Use of Deadly Force Deadly force is authorized under the following circumstances: – Inherent Right of Self-Defense. – Defense of Others. – Assets Vital to National Security. – Inherently Dangerous Property. – National Critical Infrastructure. – Serious Offenses Against Persons. – Escape. – Arrest or Apprehension. 2-2-28  Summary and Review Introduction Terms and Definitions DoD Directives Mental Preparation General Types of Subjects Levels of the Use of Force Continuum Deadly Force Triangle Guidance for Carry and Use of Firearms Less Than Lethal Force (Non-Lethal Force) Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force Guidance on Use of Deadly Force 2-2-29 Questions 2-2-30