Use of Force and Deadly Force Lesson
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Questions and Answers

When can personnel use a firearm?

  • When a firearm is stored in an approved security container.
  • When there is a reasonable expectation that use of the weapon may be necessary. (correct)
  • When ordered by a superior officer, regardless of the situation.
  • When a personal weapon is carried while performing assigned duties.
  • What is the primary purpose of firing a weapon?

  • To deter further action from the target.
  • To disable the target from continuing their activity. (correct)
  • To inflict maximum damage on the target.
  • To intimidate the target.
  • What form is used to authorize personnel to carry firearms?

  • Government-owned weapons shall not be carried when in an off-duty status.
  • NAVY Form 3761
  • OPNAV Form 5512/2 (correct)
  • DD Form 2760
  • In the Deadly Force Triangle, what does the "opportunity" aspect refer to?

    <p>The target's proximity to the potential victim. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what specific weapons are mentioned as possibilities for use?

    <p>Pistols, rifles, and shot guns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Deadly Force Triangle?

    <p>It provides a decision-making model for officers using deadly force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary message conveyed in the section "Carry and Use of Firearms"?

    <p>Firearms should be stored securely and used responsibly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of "HARD CONTROL" as defined in the Deadly Force Triangle?

    <p>A physical restraint. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT part of the Combat Mindset?

    <p>Calmness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key component for effectively using the Use of Force Continuum?

    <p>Sound Judgment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mental awareness stage is characterized by mentally preparing to use deadly force?

    <p>Red (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes a Passive Resistor?

    <p>A person who verbally disobeys orders but does not physically resist. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key decision armed personnel must make regarding force?

    <p>Whether to use force and to what level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a key aspect of 'Speed of Action' within the Combat Mindset?

    <p>Acting quickly and decisively before an adversary can react (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mental awareness where individuals are in a state of total vulnerability?

    <p>White (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'Force' in the content provided?

    <p>The application of strength to compel another's actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of subject encountered by personnel, according to the provided content?

    <p>Resistant Challenger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 'Imminent' as defined in the content?

    <p>A fixed period of time in which the event is likely to occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the primary purpose of the DoD Directive CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. "L")?

    <p>To provide guidance on the use of force for DoD personnel during civil support missions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'Levels of Use of Force Continuum'?

    <p>To establish a framework for escalating force based on the level of threat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of mission covered by DoD Directive CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. "L")?

    <p>International peacekeeping operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The content states that deadly force is defined as force that is likely to cause, or that a person knows or should know would create a substantial risk of causing:

    <p>Death or serious bodily harm or injury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key principle reiterated throughout the content regarding the use of force?

    <p>Force should be proportionate to the threat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Deadly Force Triangle' mentioned in the content?

    <p>A visual representation of the factors that contribute to the use of deadly force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances are warning shots authorized within U.S. territory?

    <p>When necessary to protect U.S. personnel or property, and U.S. Navy or Naval Service vessels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a training requirement for personnel required to be armed in the performance of security and law enforcement duties?

    <p>First Aid and CPR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should force be used in a security or law enforcement situation?

    <p>Only as a last resort, when other options have been exhausted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary principle guiding the escalation of force in a situation?

    <p>Escalate force proportionally to the threat level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of de-escalation in a security or law enforcement situation?

    <p>Provide warnings and opportunities for the threat to withdraw or cease threatening actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop in relation to the use of force continuum?

    <p>To guide the service member's decision-making in force situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) in relation to deadly force?

    <p>NLW provide a range of options that augment, but do not replace, traditional means of deadly force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration when using Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW)?

    <p>NLW can potentially cause fatalities or permanent injuries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Force

    Physical presence, action, or exercise of strength to compel another to act or refrain from behavior.

    Deadly Force

    Force likely to cause death or serious bodily harm or injury.

    Imminent

    A high level of certainty that something is about to happen.

    Imminent Threat

    Assessment of potential danger of death or serious injury based on current facts.

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    CJCSI 3121.01B

    Instruction that provides standing rules for the use of force for US forces.

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    Use of Force Continuum

    Levels of force that can be used, from least to most forceful.

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    Non-Lethal Force

    Methods of force that are designed to incapacitate without causing death.

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    Minimum Force Necessary

    Guideline stating to use the least amount of force required to control a situation.

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    SECNAVINST 5500.29C

    DoD directive on the use of deadly force and firearms by Navy personnel for law enforcement.

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    Combat Mindset

    Mental preparation essential for success in combat situations.

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    Stages of Mental Awareness

    Levels indicating readiness: White (vulnerable) to Black (improper conditioning).

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    Sound Judgment

    Ability to decide the appropriate level of force in situations.

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    Active vs Passive Subjects

    Two types of subjects: Passive (non-resistant) and Active (resistant).

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    Passive Resistor

    A subject who does not follow directives but does not physically resist.

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    Active Aggressor

    A subject who attacks physically and does not comply with directives.

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    Deadly Force Triangle

    A model assessing the use of deadly force based on intent, capability, and opportunity.

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    Intent

    The purpose behind the use of force, indicating a willingness to cause harm.

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    Capability

    The physical ability of a subject to cause harm, like their weapons or strength.

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    Opportunity

    The chance for a subject to use their intent and capability to cause harm.

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    Authority to Carry Firearms

    Permission granted to personnel to carry firearms, governed by command authority.

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    Use of Weapons

    Firearms should remain holstered unless there's a reasonable expectation of use.

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    Discharging a Firearm

    Firing must incapacitate an individual while ensuring the safety of bystanders.

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    Storage of Firearms

    Government weapons must be stored securely and should not be kept privately.

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    Warning Shots

    Shots fired to deter a threat, authorized in specific cases.

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    Use of Force Policy

    Guidelines outlining acceptable levels of force usage.

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    Less Than Deadly Force

    Force used as a last resort, reasonable and proportionate.

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    Escalation and De-escalation

    Adjusting force levels based on threat; calming situations.

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    OODA Loop

    Process of Observe-Orient-Decide-Act guiding decision-making.

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    Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW)

    Weapons that incapacitate without causing death.

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    Commanding Officer's Authority

    The CO designates who can fire warning shots.

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    Study Notes

    Use of Force and Deadly Force

    • This lesson covers the use of lethal and non-lethal force by security personnel.
    • The most critical decision for armed personnel is determining whether to use force and the appropriate level.
    • Force must be employed effectively and reasonably, adhering to acceptable guidelines.
    • Always use the minimum force necessary.

    Lesson Topic Outline

    • Introduction
    • Terms and Definitions
    • DoD Directives
    • Mental Preparation
    • General Types of Subjects
    • Levels of the Use of Force Continuum
    • Deadly Force Triangle
    • Guidance for Carry and Use of Firearms
    • Less Than Lethal Force (Non-Lethal Force)
    • Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force
    • Guidance on Use of Deadly Force

    Introduction

    • Arming security personnel comes with the responsibility of employing both lethal and non-lethal force.
    • The most significant decision for armed personnel is whether to use force and the level of force to deploy.
    • When force is necessary, it should be delivered effectively and reasonably, remaining within acceptable guidelines.
    • Always use the minimum force necessary.

    Terms and Definitions

    • Force: Physical presence, action, or exercise of strength to compel another to act or refrain from certain behavior.
    • Deadly Force: Force likely to cause, or a person knowing it would create a substantial risk of causing, death or serious bodily harm.

    Imminent

    • A level of certainty that something is ready to happen, often tied to specific circumstances rather than a set time frame.

    Imminent Threat

    • Determining if a threat of death or serious bodily harm is "imminent" is based on an assessment of all known facts and circumstances at the present moment, able to be decided at any level.

    "Use of Force" DoD Directives

    • CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. “L”): Standing Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (SRUF) - provides operational guidance and fundamental policies regarding actions taken by DoD forces in civil support missions and routine service functions.
    • SECNAVINST 5500.29C: Use of Deadly Force and Carrying of Firearms–establishes guidelines for Navy personnel.
    • DoD Directive 5210.56: Arming and Use of Force
    • DoD Directive 3000.03E: DoD Executive Agent for Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) and NLW Policy

    Mental Preparation

    • Combat Mindset: Mental preparation is the foundation for success:
      • Alertness: Remain focused on potential threats and prepare for the worst case scenario to avoid surprise.
      • Decisiveness: Determine a course of action and follow through.
      • Aggressiveness: Once a decision is made, action should be swift and forceful.
      • Speed of Action: Actions should be deliberate, smooth, and fast, ending before the adversary realizes it's happening.
      • Self Control: Maintain mental clarity to address problems one at a time.
      • Determination: The ability to use resources without reservation to stop the threat.
    • Stages of Mental Awareness:
      • White: State of total vulnerability.
      • Yellow: State of non-specific alert.
      • Orange: State of specific alert.
      • Red: Mentally prepared to use deadly force.
      • Black: Improper mental conditioning.
    • Judgment: Sound judgment is the most crucial trait for effectively using the use of force continuum. Members must recognize their own mindset, categorize the type of subject, and know the use of force continuum.

    General Types of Subjects

    • Passive: Person does not physically resist.
    • Active: Person physically resists.
    • Passive Compliant: Follows verbal instructions.
    • Passive Resistor: Does not follow instructions.
    • Active Resistor: Does not follow instructions, physically resists.
    • Active Aggressor: Does not follow instructions and physically attacks.

    Levels of the Use of Force Continuum

    • A visual representation outlining the progression of force options, with "Presence" at the bottom escalating to "Deadly Force" at the top. Passive and active subjects are differentiated.

    Deadly Force Triangle

    • A triangle representing the factors—capability, intent, and opportunity—required for deadly force.

    Carry and Use of Firearms

    • Personnel must not use, carry, or possess personal weapons while on duty, and government-owned weapons are not permitted for off-duty carry.
    • Keeping government-owned weapons in private residences is forbidden.
    • Only ammunition from Navy supply systems can be used.
    • Authority to arm personnel rests with the CO.
    • Personnel engaged in force protection must be armed with loaded weapons and their authorization documented on OPNAV Form 5512/2.
    • Conviction of domestic violence can preclude carrying firearms. DD Form 2760 is required.
    • Weapons must remain holstered unless there's a reasonable expectation of necessity.
    • Weapons are discharged with the intent to incapacitate the person being engaged, and with consideration for innocent bystanders.
    • Warning shots are not permitted except for the use of force protection for U.S. Navy & Naval Service vessels.

    Less Than Deadly Force

    • Force should only be used as a last resort.
    • The use of force must be reasonable in intensity, duration, and magnitude, considering all circumstances and countermeasures.
    • Force should be applied progressively and sequentially whenever possible.

    Escalation/De-escalation:

    • The application of force may not always follow a sequential order; force may be increased or decreased based on circumstances, resistance or threat level. Force may be escalated or de-escalated.

    Use of Force Continuum Visual Representation

    • A circular graphic depicts progressive force levels from presence to deadly force. The graphic shows how the OODA loop (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act) affects force planning.

    Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force

    • Non-Lethal Weapons (NLWs) should be considered before using deadly force as a "lesser means."
    • NLWs provide additional tactical options but do not replace the effectiveness of traditional deadly force.
    • The use of NLWs does not guarantee the absence of fatalities nor permanent injuries.

    Use Proportional Force

    • Force used to control a situation should be proportional and appropriate to the nature, duration, and scope of the hostile act.

    Use of Deadly Force

    • Deadly force is authorized in specific circumstances:
      • Self-defense
      • Defense of others
      • Assets vital to national security
      • Inherently dangerous property
      • National critical infrastructure
      • Serious offenses against persons
      • Escape situations
      • During arrest or apprehension

    Summary and Review

    • A review of the main points covered in the lesson, serving as a reminder of critical information.

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    Description

    This lesson provides an in-depth analysis of the use of lethal and non-lethal force by security personnel. It covers critical decision-making processes, DoD directives, and guidelines for effectively employing force. Understanding the force continuum is essential for maintaining safety and compliance.

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