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Questions and Answers
When can personnel use a firearm?
When can personnel use a firearm?
What is the primary purpose of firing a weapon?
What is the primary purpose of firing a weapon?
What form is used to authorize personnel to carry firearms?
What form is used to authorize personnel to carry firearms?
In the Deadly Force Triangle, what does the "opportunity" aspect refer to?
In the Deadly Force Triangle, what does the "opportunity" aspect refer to?
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According to the content, what specific weapons are mentioned as possibilities for use?
According to the content, what specific weapons are mentioned as possibilities for use?
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What is the significance of the Deadly Force Triangle?
What is the significance of the Deadly Force Triangle?
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What is the primary message conveyed in the section "Carry and Use of Firearms"?
What is the primary message conveyed in the section "Carry and Use of Firearms"?
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Which of these is an example of "HARD CONTROL" as defined in the Deadly Force Triangle?
Which of these is an example of "HARD CONTROL" as defined in the Deadly Force Triangle?
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Which of these is NOT part of the Combat Mindset?
Which of these is NOT part of the Combat Mindset?
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What is the key component for effectively using the Use of Force Continuum?
What is the key component for effectively using the Use of Force Continuum?
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Which mental awareness stage is characterized by mentally preparing to use deadly force?
Which mental awareness stage is characterized by mentally preparing to use deadly force?
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Which scenario describes a Passive Resistor?
Which scenario describes a Passive Resistor?
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What is the key decision armed personnel must make regarding force?
What is the key decision armed personnel must make regarding force?
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Which of these is a key aspect of 'Speed of Action' within the Combat Mindset?
Which of these is a key aspect of 'Speed of Action' within the Combat Mindset?
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What is the stage of mental awareness where individuals are in a state of total vulnerability?
What is the stage of mental awareness where individuals are in a state of total vulnerability?
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What is the definition of 'Force' in the content provided?
What is the definition of 'Force' in the content provided?
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of subject encountered by personnel, according to the provided content?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of subject encountered by personnel, according to the provided content?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 'Imminent' as defined in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 'Imminent' as defined in the content?
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According to the content, what is the primary purpose of the DoD Directive CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. "L")?
According to the content, what is the primary purpose of the DoD Directive CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. "L")?
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What is the primary purpose of the 'Levels of Use of Force Continuum'?
What is the primary purpose of the 'Levels of Use of Force Continuum'?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of mission covered by DoD Directive CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. "L")?
Which of the following is NOT a type of mission covered by DoD Directive CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. "L")?
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The content states that deadly force is defined as force that is likely to cause, or that a person knows or should know would create a substantial risk of causing:
The content states that deadly force is defined as force that is likely to cause, or that a person knows or should know would create a substantial risk of causing:
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What is the key principle reiterated throughout the content regarding the use of force?
What is the key principle reiterated throughout the content regarding the use of force?
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What is the 'Deadly Force Triangle' mentioned in the content?
What is the 'Deadly Force Triangle' mentioned in the content?
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Under what circumstances are warning shots authorized within U.S. territory?
Under what circumstances are warning shots authorized within U.S. territory?
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Which of the following is NOT a training requirement for personnel required to be armed in the performance of security and law enforcement duties?
Which of the following is NOT a training requirement for personnel required to be armed in the performance of security and law enforcement duties?
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When should force be used in a security or law enforcement situation?
When should force be used in a security or law enforcement situation?
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What is the primary principle guiding the escalation of force in a situation?
What is the primary principle guiding the escalation of force in a situation?
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What is a key principle of de-escalation in a security or law enforcement situation?
What is a key principle of de-escalation in a security or law enforcement situation?
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What is the primary function of the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop in relation to the use of force continuum?
What is the primary function of the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop in relation to the use of force continuum?
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What is the primary role of Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) in relation to deadly force?
What is the primary role of Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) in relation to deadly force?
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What is a crucial consideration when using Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW)?
What is a crucial consideration when using Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW)?
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Flashcards
Force
Force
Physical presence, action, or exercise of strength to compel another to act or refrain from behavior.
Deadly Force
Deadly Force
Force likely to cause death or serious bodily harm or injury.
Imminent
Imminent
A high level of certainty that something is about to happen.
Imminent Threat
Imminent Threat
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CJCSI 3121.01B
CJCSI 3121.01B
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Use of Force Continuum
Use of Force Continuum
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Non-Lethal Force
Non-Lethal Force
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Minimum Force Necessary
Minimum Force Necessary
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SECNAVINST 5500.29C
SECNAVINST 5500.29C
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Combat Mindset
Combat Mindset
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Stages of Mental Awareness
Stages of Mental Awareness
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Sound Judgment
Sound Judgment
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Active vs Passive Subjects
Active vs Passive Subjects
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Passive Resistor
Passive Resistor
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Active Aggressor
Active Aggressor
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Deadly Force Triangle
Deadly Force Triangle
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Intent
Intent
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Capability
Capability
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Opportunity
Opportunity
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Authority to Carry Firearms
Authority to Carry Firearms
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Use of Weapons
Use of Weapons
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Discharging a Firearm
Discharging a Firearm
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Storage of Firearms
Storage of Firearms
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Warning Shots
Warning Shots
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Use of Force Policy
Use of Force Policy
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Less Than Deadly Force
Less Than Deadly Force
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Escalation and De-escalation
Escalation and De-escalation
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OODA Loop
OODA Loop
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Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW)
Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW)
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Commanding Officer's Authority
Commanding Officer's Authority
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Study Notes
Use of Force and Deadly Force
- This lesson covers the use of lethal and non-lethal force by security personnel.
- The most critical decision for armed personnel is determining whether to use force and the appropriate level.
- Force must be employed effectively and reasonably, adhering to acceptable guidelines.
- Always use the minimum force necessary.
Lesson Topic Outline
- Introduction
- Terms and Definitions
- DoD Directives
- Mental Preparation
- General Types of Subjects
- Levels of the Use of Force Continuum
- Deadly Force Triangle
- Guidance for Carry and Use of Firearms
- Less Than Lethal Force (Non-Lethal Force)
- Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force
- Guidance on Use of Deadly Force
Introduction
- Arming security personnel comes with the responsibility of employing both lethal and non-lethal force.
- The most significant decision for armed personnel is whether to use force and the level of force to deploy.
- When force is necessary, it should be delivered effectively and reasonably, remaining within acceptable guidelines.
- Always use the minimum force necessary.
Terms and Definitions
- Force: Physical presence, action, or exercise of strength to compel another to act or refrain from certain behavior.
- Deadly Force: Force likely to cause, or a person knowing it would create a substantial risk of causing, death or serious bodily harm.
Imminent
- A level of certainty that something is ready to happen, often tied to specific circumstances rather than a set time frame.
Imminent Threat
- Determining if a threat of death or serious bodily harm is "imminent" is based on an assessment of all known facts and circumstances at the present moment, able to be decided at any level.
"Use of Force" DoD Directives
- CJCSI 3121.01B (Encl. “L”): Standing Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (SRUF) - provides operational guidance and fundamental policies regarding actions taken by DoD forces in civil support missions and routine service functions.
- SECNAVINST 5500.29C: Use of Deadly Force and Carrying of Firearms–establishes guidelines for Navy personnel.
- DoD Directive 5210.56: Arming and Use of Force
- DoD Directive 3000.03E: DoD Executive Agent for Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) and NLW Policy
Mental Preparation
- Combat Mindset: Mental preparation is the foundation for success:
- Alertness: Remain focused on potential threats and prepare for the worst case scenario to avoid surprise.
- Decisiveness: Determine a course of action and follow through.
- Aggressiveness: Once a decision is made, action should be swift and forceful.
- Speed of Action: Actions should be deliberate, smooth, and fast, ending before the adversary realizes it's happening.
- Self Control: Maintain mental clarity to address problems one at a time.
- Determination: The ability to use resources without reservation to stop the threat.
- Stages of Mental Awareness:
- White: State of total vulnerability.
- Yellow: State of non-specific alert.
- Orange: State of specific alert.
- Red: Mentally prepared to use deadly force.
- Black: Improper mental conditioning.
- Judgment: Sound judgment is the most crucial trait for effectively using the use of force continuum. Members must recognize their own mindset, categorize the type of subject, and know the use of force continuum.
General Types of Subjects
- Passive: Person does not physically resist.
- Active: Person physically resists.
- Passive Compliant: Follows verbal instructions.
- Passive Resistor: Does not follow instructions.
- Active Resistor: Does not follow instructions, physically resists.
- Active Aggressor: Does not follow instructions and physically attacks.
Levels of the Use of Force Continuum
- A visual representation outlining the progression of force options, with "Presence" at the bottom escalating to "Deadly Force" at the top. Passive and active subjects are differentiated.
Deadly Force Triangle
- A triangle representing the factors—capability, intent, and opportunity—required for deadly force.
Carry and Use of Firearms
- Personnel must not use, carry, or possess personal weapons while on duty, and government-owned weapons are not permitted for off-duty carry.
- Keeping government-owned weapons in private residences is forbidden.
- Only ammunition from Navy supply systems can be used.
- Authority to arm personnel rests with the CO.
- Personnel engaged in force protection must be armed with loaded weapons and their authorization documented on OPNAV Form 5512/2.
- Conviction of domestic violence can preclude carrying firearms. DD Form 2760 is required.
- Weapons must remain holstered unless there's a reasonable expectation of necessity.
- Weapons are discharged with the intent to incapacitate the person being engaged, and with consideration for innocent bystanders.
- Warning shots are not permitted except for the use of force protection for U.S. Navy & Naval Service vessels.
Less Than Deadly Force
- Force should only be used as a last resort.
- The use of force must be reasonable in intensity, duration, and magnitude, considering all circumstances and countermeasures.
- Force should be applied progressively and sequentially whenever possible.
Escalation/De-escalation:
- The application of force may not always follow a sequential order; force may be increased or decreased based on circumstances, resistance or threat level. Force may be escalated or de-escalated.
Use of Force Continuum Visual Representation
- A circular graphic depicts progressive force levels from presence to deadly force. The graphic shows how the OODA loop (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act) affects force planning.
Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force
- Non-Lethal Weapons (NLWs) should be considered before using deadly force as a "lesser means."
- NLWs provide additional tactical options but do not replace the effectiveness of traditional deadly force.
- The use of NLWs does not guarantee the absence of fatalities nor permanent injuries.
Use Proportional Force
- Force used to control a situation should be proportional and appropriate to the nature, duration, and scope of the hostile act.
Use of Deadly Force
- Deadly force is authorized in specific circumstances:
- Self-defense
- Defense of others
- Assets vital to national security
- Inherently dangerous property
- National critical infrastructure
- Serious offenses against persons
- Escape situations
- During arrest or apprehension
Summary and Review
- A review of the main points covered in the lesson, serving as a reminder of critical information.
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Description
This lesson provides an in-depth analysis of the use of lethal and non-lethal force by security personnel. It covers critical decision-making processes, DoD directives, and guidelines for effectively employing force. Understanding the force continuum is essential for maintaining safety and compliance.