21st Century Literature from the Philippines to the World PDF

# 21st Century Literature from the Philippines to the World ## Dulce Luaton-Montano, RN, LPT ## Billy Collins - 1941, New York. - "the most popular poet in America" - famous for conversational, witty poems that welcome readers with humor but often slip into quirky, tender or profound observation o...

# 21st Century Literature from the Philippines to the World ## Dulce Luaton-Montano, RN, LPT ## Billy Collins - 1941, New York. - "the most popular poet in America" - famous for conversational, witty poems that welcome readers with humor but often slip into quirky, tender or profound observation on the everyday, reading and writing, and poetry itself. - He served two terms as the US Poet Laureate, from 2001-2003, was New York State Poet Laureate from 2004-2006, and is a regular quest on National Public Radio programs. ## Literary Elements - refer to the overall or universal quality or description of any written or oral text ## 6 Literary Elements of Poem 1. Stanza 2. Rhyme 3. Rhythm 4. Word Sounds 5. Figurative/Connotative Devices 6. Imagery ### 1. Stanza - are series of lines grouped together and separated by an empty line from other stanzas. They are the equivalent of a paragraph in an essay. - One way to identify a stanza is to count the number of lines. - Thus: * couplet (2 lines) * tercet (3 lines) * quatrain (4 lines) * cinquain (5 lines) * sestet (6 lines) * septet (7 lines) * octave (8 lines) ### 2. Rhyme - is the repetition of similar sounds. - In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines. - It is usually identified with lower case letters, and a new letter is used to identify each new end sound. - Take a look at the rhyme scheme for the following poem: * I saw a fairy in the *wood*, * He was dressed all in *green*. * He drew his sword while I just *stood*, * And realized I'd been *seen*. ### 3. Rhythm - creates the pleasant gliding effect when we read a poem. - It helps readers to travel along the lines of the poem with a certain enjoyable tempo created by the components of rhythm. - * Never in my lonely life, * Could you make it -- be my wife. * or, * If only then she had seen, * That crime and anger were to have been. ### 4. Word Sounds - a. Onomatopoeia: words that sound like that which they describe. * Ex: Boom! Crash! Pow! Quack! Moo! Caress... - b. Repetition: the repetition of entire lines or phrases to emphasize key thematic ideas. * Ex: You are the way the truth and the life. * You will always be our way, truth and life. - c. Parallel Structure: a form of repetition where the order of verbs and nouns is repeated. * It may involve exact words, but it more importantly repeats sentence structures. * Ex: "I came, I saw, I conquered." - d. Alliteration: the repetition of initial sounds on the same line or stanza * Ex: Big bad Bob bounced bravely. - e. Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of a line or stanza) * Ex: Tilting at windmills - f. Consonance: the repetition of consonant sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of a line or stanza). * Ex: And all the air a solemn stillness holds. ### 5. Figurative/Connotative Devices - Simile is the rhetorical term used to designate the most elementary form of resemblances. * Most similes are introduced by "like" or "as". * These comparisions are usually between dissimilar situations or objects that have something in common. * Ex: "My love is like a red, red rose." - Metaphor leaves out "like" or "as" and implies a direct comparison between objects or situations. * Ex: All flesh is grass. - Personification occurs when you treat abstractions or inanimate objects as human, that is, giving them human attributes, powers, or feelings. * Ex: "nature wept" or "the wind whispered many truths to me" ### 6. Imagery - is the name given to the elements in a poem that spark off the senses. - Despite "image" being a synonym for "picture", images need not be only visual. Any of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell ) can respond to what a poet writes. ## Litany - Billy Collins * You are the bread and the knife, * the crystal goblet and the wine. * You are the dew on the morning grass * and the burning wheel of the sun. * You are the white apron of the baker, * and the marsh birds suddenly in flight. * However, you are not the wind in the orchard, * the plums on the counter, or the house of cards. * And you are certainly not the pine-scented air. * There is just no way that you are the pine-scented air. * It is possible that you are the fish under the bridge, * maybe even the pigeon on the general's head, * but you are not even close * to being the field of cornflowers at dusk. * And a quick look in the mirror will show * that you are neither the boots in the corner * nor the boat asleep in its boathouse. * It might interest you to know, * speaking of the plentiful imagery of the world, * that I am the sound of rain on the roof. * I also happen to be the shooting star, * the evening paper blowing down an alley * and the basket of chestnut on the kitchen table. * I am also the moon in the trees * and the blind woman's tea cup. * But don't worry, I'm not the bread and the knife. * You are still the bread and the knife. * You will always be the bread and the knife, * not to mention the crystal goblet and--somehow--the wine ## Literary Genres - a category of literary composition. - Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content or even length. ## Literary Genres of Poem 1. Epic Poem 2. Narrative Poetry 3. Romantic Poem 4. Dramatic Poetry 5. Lyric Poem ### 1. Epic Poem - is a long, narrative poem that is usually about heroic deeds and events that are significant to the culture of the poet. Many ancient writers used epic poetry to tell tales of intense adventures and heroic feats. <br> The following books are examples of Epic Poems: * The Epic of Gilgamesh * The Iliad * The Aeneid * Shahnameh * Beowulf ### 2. Narrative Poetry - is a form of poetry that tells a story. - It often makes use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. - The entire story is usually written in metered verse. - Narrative poems do not have to follow rhythmic patterns. <br> The following books are examples of Narrative Poems: * The Raven * Autobiography of Red ### 3. Romantic Poem - is a poetry that emphasized intuition over reason and the pastoral over the urban. - It often eschewing consciously poetic language in an effort to use more colloquial language. ### 4. Dramatic Poetry - is any drama that is written in verse that is meant to be recited. - It usually tells a story or refers to a situation. - This would include closet drama, dramatic monologues, and rhyme verse. ### 5. Lyric Poem - It has a musical rhythm. - Their topics often explore romantic feelings or other strong emotions. ## Literary Traditions - is the passing down of stories which give meaning to human experiences. - Every linguistic group has a literacy tradition. - It is transmitted either orally or through writing. <br> ## Thank you for listening!!!