21st Century Literature 1st Semester Finals PDF

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG Existentialism - identify the meaning and purpose of life a...

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG Existentialism - identify the meaning and purpose of life and how the author discussed these LITERARY CRITICISM concerns in his / her literary work. The art or practice of judging and Psychological commenting on the qualities and character - Helps us to understand why the writer writes of literary works. the way he does, how his biographical The comparison, analysis, interpretation, circumstances affect his writing and why do and/or evaluation of works of literature. characters in the story behave in a Essentially an opinion, supported by particular way. evidence, relating to theme, style, setting or - Revelation of its author’s mind and historical or political context. personality. It is based on the work of Is the study, discussion, evaluation, and Sigmund Freud. interpretation of literature. Sociological Criticism WHY DO WE ANALYZE A LITERARY PIECE - Stems from the examination of 3 main factors such as social status, economic standing and political position from the Talking about experiences enhances our perspective of the author. enjoyment - Argues that social contexts (the social Talking about experiences involves the environment) must be considered when search for meaning which increases our analyzing a text. understanding of them. a. THE MARXIST APPROACH - Because Socrates said so: "The life which is emphasizes economic and social unexamined is not worth living." conditions. It is based on the political Literary criticism helps us to understand theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich what is important about the text Engels. Literary criticism helps us to understand the relationship between authors, readers, and Feminism/Feminist Approach - concerned with texts the role, position, and influence of women in a The act of literary criticism ultimately literary text. Examines the way that the female enhances the enjoyment of our reading of consciousness is depicted by both male and the literary work female writers. APPROACHES TO LITERARY CRITICISM Reader-response Criticism - Focus on the reader and the way the reader engages on the text. The reader can use 1. Formalism personal reflection and personal 2. Marxism engagement in doing reader response. 3. Feminism - How the reader responds to it. 4. Psychoanalytic ❖ An individual reader’s interpretation usually 5. Cultural Criticism changes over time. 6. Structuralism ❖ Readers from different generations and 7. Post-structuralism different time periods interpret texts 8. Archetypal differently. Gender Criticism - criticize the author in his/her common MAGDA by GLOC 9 ft. RICO BLANCO prejudices or assumptions when it comes to the gender. Gender Criticism - FEMINISM 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG - Negative beliefs about women, “MAGDALENA” (PROSTITUTE) Psychological Criticism - PROMDI girl - MANILA girl - FRIEND/LOVER - STRANGER - PRINCESS - PROSTITUTE Existential Criticism - FREEDOM AND CHOICES - Female prostitutes have different reasons for choosing this kind of work. (Magda) Sociological Criticism - MARXISM (social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx) - POVERTY becomes the main reason for women to embrace prostitution. - Economic causes and economic distress Reader-Response Criticism - It depicts the reality in life of every woman. - we cannot deny the fact that female prostitute now a days are rampant and one of the main reason why they can’t stop is the lack of money. EXAMPLES MICROFICTION The art of writing a story in as few words as possible. Tends to be a story with a much smaller word count. Sometimes as low as 50 words. Most of the time, the ending is kind of a “plot twist” that will leave the audience in shock and to wonder. ASIAN LITERATURE Encompasses the rich and widely diverse cultural and ethnic heritages found in such 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG countries as China, India, Japan,Vietnam, WRITING A MICROFICTION Korea, and more. It is basically the literary products made in continent Asia throughout history. 1. Choose a primary emotion Shows the impact of immigrating to a new - The emotion you choose will be your country, with the Asian characters trying to starting point for writing your retain their previous cultures and adjust to micro-story. new situations. 2. Define the conflict It provides readers with opportunities to - You must be direct and concise. explore various cultures through a wide After choosing the key-emotion, variety of literary genres. elaborate the conflict around it. Make it simple and focused. 3. Choose your characters SPIDER by Sudha Balagopal - The ideal is to choose up to two characters Indian Literature - Your character must be attractive: a On my way home from school, I find a man’s hand physical characteristic, a peculiarity on my skirt: a giant, hairy spider wearing a ring on in the voice, a strong or enigmatic one thick leg. Horrified, I watch the weighty attitude. arachnid crawl towards the hem. A woman standing - If you name your character(s), and swaying next to me in the packed public bus, choose short names, to maintain the smiles and texts on her phone. The bearded man “micro-vibe”. gazes outside the window, disconnected from his extremity. I pray for my stop. Heart bursting, I grab 4. Select your scene my backpack. When mother asks why I won’t eat - You have the key- emotion, the dinner, I describe the spider. She asks, “Did you conflict, and the character(s). The scream?” I chew and chew, but cannot swallow. scene is where you will combine all. 5. Choose one point of view EXAMPLES OF MICROFICTION - Choose either the 1st limited or 3rd person limited POV as they perform better in connecting the reader to the characters. SPECULATIVE FICTION Often called a “super genre” Composed of different types of sub genres which are all composed of speculative elements that are based on conjecture and do not exist in the real world. Also called “what-if” books, because it changes the laws of what’s real or possible, STRUCTURE OF MICROFICTION Mostly horror, sci-fi or fantasy in genre. Their themes revolve on the “unreal” and A beginning, a middle, and an end. “possibilities”. It includes a twist or a conflict: either it’s a change in the character or a twist in the plot. NORTH AMERICAN LITERATURE The micro-story also has a scenario. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG Speculative Fiction in North American - EXAMPLE: The Expanse, The Man in the Literature High Castle CORALINE CHICK LIT BACKGROUND - Coraline is a novel that deals A term used to denote genre fiction within with the macabre, as reflected in mirror images that women’s fiction written for and marketed to makes it especially effective is the fact that these young women, especially working women in mirror images are coins of the protagonist's own their twenties and thirties. desires. She lets her own mother's lack of cooking Addresses issues of modern womanhood, skills to create an "Other" mother who is able to often humorously and lightheartedly. make roast chicken and mashed potatoes for her. Can be light and fluffy romance novels; Although it is a fantasy, it is also a psychological The majority have a happy ending, and journey inside the protagonist's heart and mind. feature a love story, these aren’t prerequisites of the genre. SUB-GENRES OF SPECULATIVE FICTION EUROPEAN LITERATURE Science Fiction - stories with imagined technologies that don’t exist in the real world, like Chick Lit in European Literature time travel, aliens, and robots. - EXAMPLE: Wall E Supernatural Fiction - sci-fi stories about secret knowledge or hidden abilities including witchcraft, spiritualism, and psychic abilities. - EXAMPLE: Riverdale, The Pope’s Exorcist Utopian Fiction - stories about civilizations the authors deem to be perfect, ideal societies. - EXAMPLE: The Fifth Sacred Thing Dystopian Fiction - stories about societies Chick Lit in Philippine Literature deemed problematic within the world of the novel, often satirizing government rules, poverty, and oppression. - EXAMPLE: The Hunger Games Apocalyptic Fiction - stories that take place before and during a huge disaster that wipes out a significant portion of the world’s population. - The stories center around characters doing everything they can to stay alive—for example, running from zombies or trying to avoid a deadly plague. - EXAMPLE: Outside, Zombie Apocalypse, World War Z THE GOOD BODY by Eve Ensler Alternate History Fiction - stories that focus on true historical events but are written as if they Many people believe that the fashion industry and unfolded with different outcomes. women's magazines construct a negative body 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG image for women. The standard of beauty around the world tends to lean toward fair skin, western features, and thin bodies. This has resulted in women opting for skin whitening creams, plastic surgery, and damaging eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia. Although there are products that try to promote a positive body image celebrating differences in body types, skin colors, and features, these are in the minority compared to those that feature the opposite in the commercials, magazines, fashion shows, and the media. In this modern age, this has become the case for men as well. AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND Eve Ensler - grew up in Scarsdale, New York, in a wealthy family. Her father was a food company executive, and her mother a homemaker. As a child, her father abused Ensler both sexually and physically. The sexual abuse stopped when she was 10, but her punishments continued. OTHER WORKS The Good Body, The Vagina Monologues, The Apology, I am Emotional Creature: The Secret, Vagina Warriors THE GOOD BODY STRUCTURE OF CHICK LIT 1. THE SET-UP - Make it clear what the main character wants. Moreover, you have to establish her character, her way of thinking, inner needs and her feelings (her psychology). 2. THE LOVE INTEREST - Your main character may meet her partner who will either make her or break her. Again, not all Chick Lit revolves on a love life. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG 3. THE STATES strangers- a mere sketch of that which dwells - This is tantamount to the Climax of a within. He won second prize at the 5th short story. An event that will Korea/Nigeria Poetry Feast & he’s currently question her personality and beliefs. pursuing a degree in Political Science. 4. SHE RISES THE OCCASION NINE, TEN, ELEVEN - Most likely, she is experiencing early success. Things seem to be going her way. She seems to be achieving her outer need. 5. THINGS START TO GO WRONG - The antagonist makes things more difficult for the main character. Her inner need may be preventing her from achieving her outer need. 6. THE CRISIS - Everything falls apart. The antagonist seems to have prevailed. Your heroine hits rock bottom. 7. SHE TAKES A RISK - Your heroine does something extreme, acts totally unlike herself, goes beyond the call of duty, does “the right thing,” 8. THE RESOLUTION - Our main character has changed – or, in a more Chekhovian ending, she just learns to accept the highly imperfect way she is. In any case, she either ends up with the guy or she doesn’t. FLASH FICTION a short fiction story of under 1500 words, usually under 1000 words. The term is used to describe short works or short casual works as well. Can fall under any genre Shorter than short story AFRICAN LITERATURE Princewill McDaniel - Balogun Stanley Princewill McDaniel is a Nigerian poet, short story writer & realist who believes that humans are their own 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG but the consensus is that the maximum tops out at 2,000. Hence, Flash fiction is also known as sudden fiction. A COMPLETE PLOT - Wwith a beginning, middle, and end. This sets it apart from a prose poem or vignette, which can explore an emotion, memory, or thought without a plot. SURPRISE - PLOT TWIST or the Surprise at the end. Iincorporates surprise, usually in the form of a twist ending or an unexpected last line. The aim is to prompt the reader to think deeply about the true meaning of the story. WRITING A FLASH FICTION 1. Start in the middle. 2. Don't use too many characters. 3. Make sure the ending isn't at the end. 4. Sweat your title. 5. Make your last line ring like a bell. 6. Writelong, then go short. SATIRICAL SHORT STORY It is seen in varied disciplines like culture, politics and the arts and entertainment. It is often humorous but with the intention of creating a social change. ROOT OF SATIRE Latin word “satur,” meaning “well-fed,” was used in the phrase “lanx satura,” meaning “a dish full of many kinds of fruit.” SATIRE IN LITERATURE is a type of social commentary. Writers use exaggeration, irony, and other devices to poke fun of a particular leader, a social custom or tradition. IMPORTANCE OF SATIRE CHARACTERISTICS OF FLASH FICTION It makes fun of a person, idea, or institution. Its purpose is not just to entertain, but also BREVITY - A Flash Fiction’s average word count to inform and make people think. ranges anywhere from five hundred to 1,000 words, 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST SEMESTER FINALS DREWZHEN PUPA | S.Y. 2024 - 2025 BY: @rianeangeline @krshannnn @anikariveera on IG TYPES OF SATIRE HOW TO DATE A BROWN GIRL by Junot Diaz REMEMBER When choosing a topic to satirize, start by looking at recent political events, and think of news stories that have garnered a lot of attention and debate. Decide where you stand: make sure you have a strong opinion about the issue you want to satirize. Satirical writing needs to come from a very clear point of view so that you can make a case to your audience.