21st Century Philippine Literature PDF

3rd Quarter Exam Reviewer By: Gianne Carlo Javier 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Lesson – 1: Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literacy History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary. What is LITERATURE?...

3rd Quarter Exam Reviewer By: Gianne Carlo Javier 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Lesson – 1: Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literacy History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary. What is LITERATURE? ❖ Comes from the Latin word “Litera” which means letters, a writing formed with letters. ❖ Defined as a body of writing that is imaginative and creative, and is read for its artistic value. Diffirent Literary Periods PRE-SPANISH PERIOD ❖ Emphasizes the indigenous Filipino culture before colonization. Literature was transmitted orally and reflected communal life, spirituality, and moral values. Baybayin ❖ Alphabet of the Filipinos during Pre-Spanish Period. Legends ❖ Legends are a form of prose the common theme of which is about the origin of a thing, place, location or name. ❖ The events are imaginary, devoid of truth and unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends. Its aim is to entertain. Example: THE LEGEND OF THE TAGALOGS. Folktales ❖ Folk tales are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life. These are useful to us because they help us appreciate our environment, evaluate our personalities and improve our perspectives in life. Example: The First Monkey. Epic ❖ Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length. Nobody can determine which epics are the oldest because in their translations from other languages, even in English and Spanish. We can only determine their origins from the time mentioned in the said epics. Example Biag ni Lam-ang Aside from the aforementioned epics, there are still other epics that can be read and studied like the following epics: Bidasari-Moro epic g. Kumintang-Tagalog epic Biag ni Lam-ang-Ilokano epic h. Parang Sabir-Moro epic Maragtas-Visayan epic i. “Dagoy”at “Sudsod”- Tagbanua epic  Haraya-Visayan epic j. Tatuaang-Bagobo epic Lagda-Visayan epic k. Indarapatra at Sulayman Hari sa Bukid-Visayan epic l. Bantugan Folk Songs ❖ Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre- Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables. Here are the examples: Kundiman Ang Dalit o Imno Kumintang o Tagumpay Ang Oyayi o Hele PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872-1898) ❖ In the 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called illustrados began to write about the hitch of colonization. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT (1872-1896) ❖ This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban and Pedro Paterno. Some of Rizal’s Writings: Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo Mi Ultimo Adios Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos Filipinas Dentro De Cien Años Some of Del Pillar’s Writings: Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of country) Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful) Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jests). Some of Jaena’s Writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the Friar) Everything is Hambug Sa mga Pilipino Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus) THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944) ❖ Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language. Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse. Example: Footnote to Youth THE JAPANESE OERIOD (1941-1945) ❖ Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country, Japan, conquered the Philippines. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. Except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW, almost all news-papers in English were stopped by the Japanese. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945) ❖ Philippine Literature in English experienced a dark period. For the first twenty years, many books were published both in Filipino and in English. ❖ In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life under the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits. Example: I saw the fall of the Philippines, I see the Philippines Rise by Carlos P. Romulo PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972) ❖ According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms. Examples: Dead Man’s Tale PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980) ❖ It started on September 21,1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Poem dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the beauties of nature and the surroundings. Example: Poetry promoting patriotism and discipline PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985) ❖ Poems during this period were romantic and revolutionary. Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true- to- life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and fellowmen. Example: The sky is always blue by Joe Marie A. Abueg POST-EDSA REVOLUTION (1986-1995) ❖ After the fall of the Marcos dictatorship, literature flourished, reflecting newfound freedom and hope. ❖ Themes in this period are democracy, human rights, and societal healing. Example: Newspapers like Malaya and Philippine Daily Inquirer symbolizing press freedom. 21ST CENTURY PERIOD ❖ Philippine literature has embraced modern technology and global influences. Writers uses blogs, social media, and e-books to share stories. Genres like speculative fiction and graphic novels are gaining popularity. Example: Trese by Budjette Tan (graphic novel exploring Philippine folklore.) Lesson – 2: Representative Text and Authors from Different Regions REGION – I: THE ILOCOS REGION PEDRO BUCANEG ❖ Was a Filipino poet who is blind since birth ❖ Author of the Ilocano epic Biag ni Lam-ang, which is an epic poem of the Ilocano people from the Ilocos region of the Philippines influenced from the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata ❖ He is considered as the Father of Ilocano Literature. F. SIONIL JOSE ❖ One of the most widely read Filipino writers in English, wrote the short story “Waywaya” which is about pre-Hispanic society and the people’s struggle for moral order. ❖ His writings since the late 60’s, when taken collectively can best be described as epic. ❖ In the five-novel masterpiece, the Rosales saga, consisting of The Pretenders, Tree, My Brother, My Executioner, Mass and Po-on, he captures the sweep of the Philippine history while simultaneously narrating the lives if generations of the Samsons whose personal lives intertwine with social struggles of the nation. LEONA FLORENTINO ❖ Considered as the National Poetess of the Philippines ❖ A Filipino poet in the Spanish and Ilocano languages. She is considered as the mother of Philippine Women’s Literature and the Bridge from Oral to Literary Tradition ❖ She wrote Nalpay a Namnama o Naunsyaming Pag-asa (Blasted Hope) REGION – II: CAGAYAN VALLEY EDITH TIEMPO ❖ Published the poem “The Return”, is a sentimental piece that talks about life in old age. ❖ A poet, teacher and literary critic is one of the finest Filipino writers in English whose works are characterized by a remarkable fusion of style and substance of craftmanship and insight. ❖ Born on April 22,1919 in Bayombong, Nueve Vizcaya ❖ “The Little Marmoset”and “Bonsai” FERNANDO MARAMAG ❖ Was an excellent poet and journalist in English. He had a rich style and deep understanding of human nature-qualities which made his poetry appealing to all readers. ❖ His editorial writings “exerted great influence on the various phases of the Filipino way of life, particularly in its government, economics, education and politics” according to a critic. ❖ He wrote the poem “The Rural Maid” FLORENTINO HORENDO ❖ Professor, cultural studies pioneer and expert in Ivatan culture ❖ Known for his studies on Philippine ethnic traditions, pre-colonial and colonial history and contemporary society. ❖ He was a prolific writer, researcher and author of journal articles, monographs and books REGION – III: CENTRAL LUZON ❖ He wrote “Juan Manalaksan” ❖ He is from Arayat, Pampanga, who heard the story from an old Pampangan woman. MACARIA GARCIA ❖ she narrated “Suan, the Good Guesser” ❖ “Suan’s Good Luck” REGION – IV A: CALABARZON MANUEL REYES ❖ A Tagalog from Rizal Province ❖ Narrated Suan Eket JOSE RIZAL ❖ wrote the “Legend of Maria Makiling” ❖ Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo REGION – IV B: MIMAROPA NESTOR VICENTE MADALI (NVM GONZALES) ❖ Better known as NVM Gonzales, fictionist, essayist, poet and teacher, articulated the Filipino spirit in rural, urban landscapes. ❖ Won the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940 ❖ Major Works: The Wind of April, Seven Hills Away, Children of the Ash-covered loam and Other stories REGION – V: BICOL REGION MARIANO PERFECTO ❖ Father of Bikol Literature ❖ He published the first Bikol newspaper, Ang Parabareta (The Newsman) POTENCIO GREGORIO SR. ❖ A Bicolano musician. Composer of Sarung Banggi, the most famous song in the Bicol language. ❖ At an early age he learned to play the violin and was soon recognized for his talent. REGION – VI: WESTERN VISAYAS ❖ She writes poetry, drama and fiction in Hiligaynon. ❖ She was awarded the Carlos Palanca Hall of Fame for Literature in 2014 for winning five first places in the Hiligaynon Category of Maikling Kwento ❖ Works: storyahan ta ka uli, Kasingkasing Press 2016, a collection of stories to older children Ilongga: Madamo nga Guya, Seguiban Press, Iloilo, 2014- a collection of poems on woman ❖ May Isa ka Kuring nga Hari kag Iban pa nga Sugilanon, Kasingkasing Press, Iloilo, 2010, a collection of seven stories for children REGION – VII: WESTERN VISAYAS MARCEL M. NAVARRA ❖ Father of Modern Cebuano Literature ❖ First story, Tungod sa Kayagang, was published in Nasud in 1931. His best-known story is Ug Gianod Ako, a Bisaya prize winner REGION – VIII: EASTERN VISAYAS ILUMINADO VICENTE ❖ A Filipino writer primarily writing poetry and drama in the Waray language. ❖ He is considered by many as the greatest writer in the Waray language ❖ His most famous work is the poem “An Iroy gna Tuna”, “The Motherland” REGION – IX: ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA EMIGDIO ALVAREZ ENRIQUEZ ❖ He started writing at the age of 20. He is a novelist, story writer, and play wright. Among his famous literary works are The White Horse of Alih, Blood on the Moon, A Tale of Two Houses, Cachil Kudarat (Sultan of Mindanao) or Cachil Corrala, and Labaw, Donggon. All of these short stories won Palanca awards this year. REGION – X: ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA REGINO L. GONZALES JR. ❖ Published famous stories like Short Stories The Battle of Tagoloan, Dusk in Cappillahan, The cemetery Keeper and a day in the lives of coal miners. REGION – XI: DAVAO REGION AIDA RIVERO FORO ❖ She became the editor of the first two issues of Sands and Coral ❖ Her other published works include poems, essays, operettas, plays and other short stories ❖ Famous Literary works: Love in the Cornhusks and The Chief test Mourner  REGION – XII: SOCKSSARGEN BARTOLOME DEL VALLE ❖ Known for translating the epic: Indarapatra and Sulayman” ❖ He is also the author of famous literary works like Ang Demokrasya, Kung buhay pa si Rizal, Ang Kapangyarihan ng Edukasyon ❖ His works are mostly about the social issues and the reality of life that serve as inspiration of the youth day. CARAGA REGION E. ARSENIO MANUEL ❖ Known for his contributions to Philippine anthropology, history, literature and linguistics. ❖ He introduced the epic, Tuwaang at Agyu CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION AMADOR T. DAGUIO ❖ A poet, novelist and teacher during the pre-war. Best known for his fictions and poems. ❖ “Bataan Harvest”, and the Flaming Lyre. ❖ His works, Huhud hi Aligaynon, The wedding dance, The fall of Bataan and Corregidor NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION LUALHATI BAUTISTA ❖ One of the foremost Filipino female novelists in the history of contemporary Philippine Literature. ❖ Her novels include Dekada ‘70, Bata,Bata, Pa’no Ka Ginawa? And GAPO exposing injustices and chronicling women activism during the Marcos era NICK JOAQUIN ❖ Was a Filipino writer, historian and journalist, best known for his short stories and novels in the English language. ❖ He also wrote using the pen name Quijano de Manila. ❖ Joaquin was conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the Philippines for Literature. ❖ He is considered one of the most important Filipino writers in English, and the third most important overall, after Jose Rizal and Claro M. Recto ❖ May Day Eve ❖ Prose and Poems