21_Appendicular+Muscles.pptx

Appendicular Muscles Chapter 10, Human Anatomy (LibreTexts) "Muscular System" by Termininja is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Anterior Superior Appendicular Muscles "The Muscular System" by Whitney Menefee is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work Anterior Inferior Appendi...

Appendicular Muscles Chapter 10, Human Anatomy (LibreTexts) "Muscular System" by Termininja is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Anterior Superior Appendicular Muscles "The Muscular System" by Whitney Menefee is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work Anterior Inferior Appendicular Muscles Anterior superficial view Anterior deep view "The Muscular System" by Whitney Menefee is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work Posterior Superior Appendicular Muscles Posterior deep view Posterior superficial view "The Muscular System" by Whitney Menefee is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work Posterior Inferior Appendicular Muscles Fibularis Posterior deep view Posterior superficial view "The Muscular System" by Whitney Menefee is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle I • Actions: elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, inferior rotation, superior rotation. • Protractors (anterior): • Pectoralis minor (deep) • Serratus anterior (deep) Anterior deep view "The Muscular System" by Whitney Menefee is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle II • Actions: elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, inferior rotation, superior rotation. • Retractors (posterior): • Trapezius (superficial) • Rhomboid major (deep) • Rhomboid minor (deep) "Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle III • Elevators (superior and posterior): • Rhomboid major and Rhomboid minor (deep) • Levator scapulae (deep) • Trapezius (most superior part, superficial) • Depressors (inferior) • Trapezius (most inferior part, superficial, posterior) • Pectoralis minor (deep, anterior) Posterior deep view "The Muscular System" by Whitney Menefee is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle IV • Superior rotators (superior and anterior): • Trapezius (most superior part, superficial) • Serratus anterior (deep) • Mnemonic: Sofia Runs To Stay Athletic • Inferior rotators (inferior and posterior): • Levator scapulae (deep) • Rhomboid major and Rhomboid minor (deep) • Mnemonic: I Really Like Rocky Road • Clavicle stabilizer: • Subclavius (anterior) "Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles Actions of Arms and Upper Leg • Based on the location of the muscle, you can guess the action of the muscle: • Anterior = Flexor • Posterior = Extensor • Lateral = Abductor • Medial = Adductor Muscles that Move the Glenohumeral Joint I • Glenohumeral joint: articulation between glenoid cavity of scapula and humerus. • Actions: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction of arm. • Pectoralis major (punching muscle): anterior, superficial • Primary arm flexor • Adducts and medially rotates arm • Latissimus dorsi (swimmer muscle): posterior, superficial • Primary arm extensor • Adducts and medially rotates arm • Deltoid: lateral, superficial • Primary arm abductor • Also involved in medial and lateral rotation Superficial Muscles That Move the Glenohumeral Joint "Muscles that Move the Humerus" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Glenohumeral Joint II • Teres major: deep, posterior • Synergist to latissimus dorsi (extension) • Coracobrachialis: medial to humerus, deep, anterior (not shown in picture) • Synergist of adduction and flexion of arm Rotator cuff muscles: • Teres minor: deep, posterior • Infraspinatus: deep, posterior • Lateral rotation • Supraspinatus: deep, posterior • Arm flexion • Subscapularis: deep, anterior • Medial rotation Deep Muscles That Move the Glenohumeral Joint "Muscles that Move the Humerus" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Elbow Joint - Anterior • Elbow joint: articulation between humerus, radius and ulna. • Actions: flexion, extension, supination, pronation of forearm. Anterior muscles: • Brachialis: deep to biceps brachii on medial side • Primary forearm flexor • Biceps brachii: superficial and anterior • Synergist to brachialis (flexion) • Supinates forearm. • Brachioradialis: inferior to biceps brachii on lateral side • Synergist to brachialis (flexion) Anterior Muscles that Move the Elbow Joint "Muscles that Move the Forearm" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Elbow Joint - Posterior Posterior muscles: • Triceps brachii: superficial • Primary forearm extensor • Anconeus: superficial, inferior to triceps brachii • Synergist to triceps brachii (extension) Posterior Muscles that Move the Elbow Joint "Muscles that Move the Forearm" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move Wrist, Hand and Fingers - Anterior • Actions: • Flexion and extension of hand • Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion of digits 2-4 • Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, opposition and reposition of digit 1 • Anterior superficial muscles flex wrist, hand and fingers. • Tendons of these muscles go through carpal tunnel formed by the anterior ligament flexor retinaculum. • From lateral (thumb) to medial (pinky finger): • Pronator teres (also pronator) • Flexor carpi radialis • Palmaris longus (absent in 14% of people, its tendon does not go through carpal tunnel) • Flexor carpi ulnaris Anterior Muscles That Move Wrist, Hand and Fingers "Muscles that Move the Forearm" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move Wrist, Hand and Fingers - Posterior • Posterior superficial muscles extend wrist, hand and fingers. • Tendons of these muscles are kept in place by the posterior ligament extensor retinaculum. • From lateral (thumb) to medial (pinky finger): • • • • Extensor Extensor Extensor Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis) digitorum (extend digits 2-5) digiti minimi (extend digit 5) carpi ulnaris Posterior Muscles That Move Wrist, Hand and Fingers "Muscles that Move the Forearm" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 All Other Muscles that Move the Wrist, Hand and Fingers For all other forearm and hand muscles, you just need to know the action: • Extensor • Flexor • Abductor • Adductor • Ulnaris = adductor • Radialis = abductor • Opponens • Pollicis = thumb • Index = index finger • Digitorum = 2-5 digits • Digiti minimi = pinkie All Other Muscles that Move the Fingers I Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Extensor indicis Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundis Flexor pollicis longus Adductor pollicis Abductor pollicis longus and brevis Abductor digiti minimi Opponens pollicis Opponens digiti minimi All Other Muscles that Move the Fingers II • Dorsal interossei: abduct fingers 2-5 • Palmar interossei: adduct fingers 2-5 • Lumbricals: flex fingers at metacarpals, extend fingers at interphalangeal joints 2-5 Arm Model – Posterior View Arm Model – Anterior View Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle – Medial • Actions: extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation. Muscles medial to femur: • Iliopsoas (Iliacus + Psoas Major): Primary thigh flexor • Pectineus: adductor, flexor • Adductor brevis: adductor, flexor • Adductor longus: adductor, flexor • Adductor magnus: adductor, flexor • Gracilis: adductor, flexor Medial Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle "Gluteal Muscles that Move the Femur" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle – Anterior and Lateral Anterior muscles: • Sartorius: Synergist of Iliopsoas Lateral muscles: • Tensor fasciae latae: thigh abductor inserted into the iliotibial tract Anterior and Lateral Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle "Gluteal Muscles that Move the Femur" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle - Posterior Posterior muscles (cont.): • Gluteus maximus: synergist for thigh extension (to biceps femoris) • Gluteus medius: abduction of thigh • Gluteus minimus: synergist to gluteus medius (thigh abduction) Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle - Posterior Posterior muscles: • Piriformis: lateral rotation of the thigh • Superior gemellus: lateral rotation of the thigh • Obturator internus: lateral rotation of the thigh • Inferior gemellus: lateral rotation of the thigh • Quadratus femoris: lateral rotation of the thigh Muscles Actions of Lower Leg • Based on the location of the muscle, you can guess the action of the muscle: • Anterior = extensor (dorsiflexor) • Posterior = flexor (plantar flexor) • Lateral = eversion • Medial = inversion Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle - Posterior Posterior muscles (cont.): • Hamstrings (from lateral to medial): • Biceps femoris: Primary thigh extensor and knee flexor • Semitendinosus: medial rotation of thigh and flexion of knee • Semimembranosus: medial rotation of thigh and flexion of knee Posterior Muscles that Move the Pelvic Girdle "Gluteal Muscles that Move the Femur" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Knee Joint • Actions: extension, flexion, lateral rotation, medial rotation of the knee. Anterior muscles: • Quadriceps muscles from lateral to medial: • Vastus lateralis: extension of knee • Rectus femoris: extension of knee, flexion of knee • Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris): extension of knee • Vastus medialis: extension of knee Muscles that Move the Knee Joint "Gluteal Muscles that Move the Femur" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes – Lateral and Anterior • Actions: plantar flexion (flexion), dorsiflexion (extension), eversion / pronation and inversion / supination. Lateral muscles: • Fibularis longus: plantar flexion and eversion of foot Anterior muscles from lateral to medial: • Extensor digitorum longus: dorsiflexion of foot, extension of toes 2-5 • Tibialis anterior: Primary dorsiflexor, inversion of foot • Extensor retinaculum is a band of deep fascia thickenings that prevents extensor muscles from bowing out. Lateral Anterior Muscles That Move the Feet and Toes "Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes - Posterior Posterior muscles from superficial to deep and medial to lateral: • Gastrocnemius (superficial): plantar flexor, flexion of foot • Soleus (deep to gastrocnemius): plantar flexor • Popliteus (posterior to knee joint): medial rotation • Flexor digitorum longus (medial): plantar flexor, flexion of toes 2-5 • Tibialis posterior: plantar flexor, inversion of foot • Flexor hallucis longus (lateral): plantar flexor, flexion of hallux • Flexor retinaculum is a band of deep fascia thickenings that prevents flexor muscles from bowing out. Posterior Muscles That Move the Feet and Toes "Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes" by Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0 All Other Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes For all other foot muscles, you just need to know the action: • Extensor • Flexor • Abductor • Adductor • Digitorum = 2-5 toes • Hallucis = big toe • Digiti minimi = pinky toe • Dorsal interossei: abduct toes • Plantar interossei: adduct toes • Lumbricals: flex toes at metacarpals, extend toes at interphalangeal joints 25 Leg Model – Anterior View Extensor digitorum longus Leg Model – Posterior View Adductor magnus Leg Model – Lateral View Leg Model – Medial View