2025 PSL301H Blood and Immune System PDF

PSL301H—Blood and Immune System Intro and Red blood cells Learning objectives List the functions of blood Outline the constituents of blood and their functions Understand the process of hematopoiesis Describe red blood cell synthesis and function Describe the removal of old red blood cells...

PSL301H—Blood and Immune System Intro and Red blood cells Learning objectives List the functions of blood Outline the constituents of blood and their functions Understand the process of hematopoiesis Describe red blood cell synthesis and function Describe the removal of old red blood cells Describe the symptoms of anemia and its possible causes Define polycythemia and state its causes  Functions of blood Transports gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes Regulates composition of interstitial fluid (e.g. pH, ions, water, etc) Restricts fluid loss at injury sites via blood clotting Defends against toxins and pathogens Regulates body temperature by absorbing and redistributing heat 5 L blood in 70 kg male 4 L blood in 58 kg female  The constituents of blood Figure from Martini (2006) Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology Hematocrit = % of total blood volume occupied by packed (centrifuged) red blood cells Normal hematocrit: males: 40-54% females: 37-47%)  Plasma 92% 60% Transferrin Most plasma proteins are made by the liver  Functions of plasma proteins General: - generate colloid osmotic pressure - buffer pH Specific: Albumins colloid osmotic pressure; carriers Globulins  and  - clotting factors, enzymes, carriers  - antibodies Fibrinogen cleaved to form fibrin in blood clotting Transferrin Iron transport  Formed elements 20-40% differential erythrocytes white count 2-8% 99.9% leukocytes phagocytes 50-70% 0.1% thrombocytes 1-4% granulocytes ~54%) high blood viscosity Causes Abnormal erythrocyte precursors Low oxygen delivery to tissues  Summary: Blood Function: transport of gasses, pH and temperature regulation, defense, blood clotting Contains: plasma and formed elements Cells/platelets produced via hematopoiesis Red blood cells: transport of gases, contain hemoglobin Removal of RBC: iron is conserved, heme converted to bilirubin and excreted Anemia: reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood Polycythemia: too many red blood cells Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.