2024 Pharm II Final Exam Study Guide PDF

**2024 3205 Pharmacology II -- Final Exam Study Guide** - Cox Enzymes -- Expected action: Inhibit cyclooxygenase which is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins when tissue injury occurs - - - Aspirin -- signs of **[salicylism]** (toxicity) - - -...

**2024 3205 Pharmacology II -- Final Exam Study Guide** - Cox Enzymes -- Expected action: Inhibit cyclooxygenase which is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins when tissue injury occurs - - - Aspirin -- signs of **[salicylism]** (toxicity) - - - - Ibuprofen -- patient teaching regarding administration COX 1 - - - - - - Side effects: Stomach pain. Constipation or diarrhea. Gas or heartburn. N/V. Dizziness. Headache. Rash. GI Bleeding. - Glucocorticoids - priority nursing interventions - - - - - - - - - Side effects: An increased appetite. Unexpected weight gain. Skin changes, including bruising more easily than usual and increased acne. Retaining water, which makes your skin and face look swollen or puffy. GI irritation. Muscle weakness. Mood swings, including increased anxiety, restlessness or trouble sleeping. Increased body hair. - Opioids: - - - Butorphanol -- primary nursing assessment: RESPITORY STATUS! - - - - Uricosurics**:** Allopurinol - Expected action: Lowering the amount of uric acid in the blood that causes gout Side effects: - - - - - - Lab value indications: uric acid level 3.5-7.2 mg/dL idk for sure tho?? **Neuro:** 1. Antiseizure medications - - - - - 2. Antipsychotics - - - 3. Levodopa/Carbidopa: **levodopa** increases dopamine concentrations in basal ganglia; **carbidopa** permits more levodopa to be transported to the brain. - - - - - - - - 4. diazepam: treat depression/anxiety, muscle spasms and seizures or fits. - - - - - - - - - 5. Baclofen: (muscle relaxant) treat pain and certain types of spasticity (muscle stiffness and tightness) from multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, or other spinal cord diseases - - - - - - - 6. Antidepressants - - - - - - **Lower Respiratory:** 1. Albuterol: - - - 2. Theophylline: - Inhaled Glucocorticoids -- Beclomethasone - - 3. Montelukast - **Upper Respiratory:** 1. Antihistamines: - - 2. Antitussives: - 3. Expectorants: - **Endocrine:** 1. Levothyroxine - used for HYPO - - - - - - - - - - 2. Propylthiouracil (PTU): **Blocks the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Prevents oxidation of iodide. Blocks conversion of T4 to T3** - 3. Radioactive iodine: **HYPER/THYROID CANCER** **Destroys thyroid hormone-producing cells** - - - - - 4. Diabetic medications (hypoglycemics and insulins) - - - - **hyper** **hypo** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, weakness/fatigue, blurred vision, dry skin, sores not healing properly. nauseua, sleepy after eating. shaking/tremors, dizziness, tachy, anxiety, blurred vision, weakness/fatigue, headache + irritability. - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Lispro | **Regular | **NPH (Humulin | **Insulin | | (Humalog)** | (Humalin R)** | N)** | glargine | | | | | (Lantus)** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Rapid | **Short-acting* | **Intermediate- | **Long-acting** | | acting** | * | acting** | | | | | | **Onset 70 | | **Onset 15 to | **Onset.5 to | **Onset 1 to 2 | minutes** | | 30 min** | 1 hr** | hr** | | | | | | **None** | | **Peak.5 to | **Peak 1 to 5 | **Peak 6 to 14 | | | 2.5 hrs** | hr** | hrs** | **Duration 18 | | | | | to 24 hrs** | | **Duration 3 | **Duration 6 | **Duration 16 | | | to 6 hr** | to 10 hr** | to 24 hrs** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 5. Cortisol a. b. 3\. Rare but serious side effects: Adrenal insufficiency, Pancreatitis, Peptic ulcers, Psychotic episodes c. **Reproductive:** 1. Hormone contraceptives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2. Magnesium Sulfate: Prevents seizures due to preeclampsia/eclampsia - - - 3. Sildenafil: Viagra - - - - - - - - - - - 4. Beta-adrenergic agonist: stops contractions - 5. Oxytocin: Uterine stimulant during labor - - 6. Clomiphene: ​Stimulates follicle to mature. increased potential for multiples 7. Bethanechol: Activates the muscarinic receptors in the detrusor muscle. Bladder contracts. Internal sphincter relaxes - - - - - - - 8. Testosterone - - - - - - - - - - - - **GI:** 1. Antacids - Aluminum hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Milk of magnesia. - - - 2. Azathioprine: decreases immune response - - - - - - - 3. Metoclopramide: use for N/V associated with chemo, opioids; reflux and gastroparesis()tightens the sphincter b/w the esophagus/stomach) - - 4. Sulfasalazine: decreases inflammation in the intestine. Symptoms: pale, cold - - 5. Odansetron: used for N/V secondary to chemotherapy or post-op - - - - - 6. Psyllium - - - - - - 7. Sulcrafate: ​​docusate sodium (Colace) ( Easy passage of the poo) change the surface tension of the stool. - - - **Cardiovascular:** Antihypertensives: Beta Blockers - - Hydralazine: - - Nitroprusside: - - Nitroglycerine: - - - Amiodarone - Atorvastatin - - Digoxin: - - Diuretics: Be able to identify the 3 classifications and how they different with regards to potassium. Furosemide: - - Different classifications of diuretics. **Thiazide diuretics-** Proximal portion of the distal convoluted tubule. **Loop diuretics-** Loop of Henle. **Potassium Sparing diuretics**- Distal portion of the distal convoluted tubule. **Hematology:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Immunology:** Passive and Active, Natural and Artificial Immunity -- examples Cisplatin: - - Vincristine: - - Flutamide: - - Tamoxifen: - Interferon alfa-2A - HIV Drug Therapy: - - - Types of Immunity **Natural and Active-** Chicken pox or cold **Natural and Passive-** Antibodies **Artificial and Active-** Vaccine **Artificial and Passive-** "Covid Vaccine" Artificial antibodies. **Musculoskeletal:** Rheumatoid Arthritis Medications: Methotrexate: - - Etanercept (Enbrel): - - Osteoporosis medications: - - Raloxifene (Evista) - - - - - - - -