Science & Policy: University of Groningen, October 2024

faculty of science science & society education and engineering 15-10-2024 | 1 15-10-2024 | 1 Science & Policy...

faculty of science science & society education and engineering 15-10-2024 | 1 15-10-2024 | 1 Science & Policy Jorien Zevenberg 22 Oct 2024 University of Groningen Faculty of Science & Engineering Photo from Pixabay Welcome (back)! 15-10-2024 | 2 › Introduction to Science & Policy  Part I: Theory (21 Oct – 8 Nov) - Exam at 8 Nov  Part II: Policy Lab (11 Nov – 6 Dec) Policy is: 15-10-2024 | 3 A. boring… B. something for social scientists. C. potentially interesting. D. very important! Aims of this course 15-10-2024 | 4 › Understanding science informed policy making  Theory Part › Making relevant, inclusive, responsible, science informed policy advice  Policy Lab Today (10.00-11.45h) 15-10-2024 | 5 › Policy theory Introduction › Business vs Policy › Policy, what is that? › Science Based Policy › Relation science & policy › Influencing policy Rest of today 15-10-2024 | 6 12.00-12.45: Policy Lab Introduction (Maarten) 13.00-17.00: Chocolate Game › Even groups: 5433.0209B (ALC tutorial) › Oneven groups: BB 5161.0165 (ALC tutorial)  Literature 15-10-2024 | 7 The Public Policy Primer. Managing the Policy Process (Xun Wu, M. Ramesh, Michael Howlett, and Scott A. Fritzen) Course structure 15-10-2024 | 8 › 9-11h: lecture › 11-14h: working on assignment (in groups) › 14-15h: discussing assignment › Exceptions  Today > role playing game (tutorial)  Fri 25 Oct > panel discussion  Tue 29 Oct > policy scenario workshop  Thu 31 Oct > MCCBA workshop  Course structure 15-10-2024 | 9 Day Lecture Assignment Form Mon 21 L1: NGO’s 1: NGO’s Individual flyer Oct Tue 22 L2: Introduction Science & 2: Chocolate Role playing game (tutorial) (non Oct Policy game case) Wed 23 L3: Agenda-setting 3: Agenda-setting Group presentation (2 cases) Oct Thu 24 4: Policy House of Commons Debate (non L4: Policy Formulation Oct Formulation case) 5: Decision- Fri 25 5: Panel discussion (non case) L5: Decision-making making Oct 6: Perusall assignment (non case) 6: Perusall Mon 28 L6: Policy Implementation 7: Implementation Group presentation (2 cases) Oct Tue 29 8: Policy scenario L7: Policy Evaluation Policy scenario workshop (non case) Oct workshop Wed 30 L8: Law (video recording) Oct Thu 31 9: MCCBA L9: MCCBA Policy tool MCCBA workshop (non case) Oct workshop Mon 4 L10: European Union Nov Assignment 4 15-10-2024 | 10 › House of Commons Debate  11-14h: Preparation  14-15h: Debate Assignment 4 15-10-2024 | 11 › House of Commons Debate  11-14h: Preparation  14-15h: Debate Two s tuden chair t s nee the d ded t ebate o Assignment 6 15-10-2024 | 12 › Perusall (in Brightspace)  At least one question / annotation AND two answers / comments per group  Only questions/annotations per group!!  Assignment 6 15-10-2024 | 13 › Perusall (in Brightspace)  At least one question / annotation AND two answers / comments per group  Only questions/annotations per group!! Miller, Kelly & Lukoff, Brian & King, Gary & Mazur, Eric. (2018). Use of a Social Annotation Platform for Pre-Class Reading Assignments in a Flipped Introductory Physics Class. Frontiers in Education. 3. 10.3389/feduc.2018.00008. Assessment 15-10-2024 | 14 › Exam 8 Nov  open questions › Learning material  Book (The Public Policy Primer)  Lectures Today (10.00-11.45h) 15-10-2024 | 15 › Policy theory Introduction › Business vs Policy › Policy, what is that? › Science Based Policy › Relation science & policy › Influencing policy Business vs Policy 15-10-2024 | 16 Hurdles / opportunities of your Business lab Project? Business vs Policy 15-10-2024 | 17 Hurdles / opportunities of your Business lab Project? › idea, technology, knowledge, R&D › company, retailers, competitors, suppliers › law, end-users/clients, NGO’s, citizens, policy, international developments Science advising 15-10-2024 | 18 › Difference science advising for governments compared to companies?  Same aims: giving advice as an independent scientist  Same problems: difficult to speak two languages  Same challenges: to combine science and aims of societal actor  Difference: governance responsible for public goods Policy, what is that? 15-10-2024 | 19 › What do we mean with policy? Policy, what is that? 15-10-2024 | 20 › What do we mean with policy? › How is policy different from politics? Policy, what is that? 15-10-2024 | 21 › What do we mean with policy? › How is policy different from politics? › What is governance? Policy, what is that? 15-10-2024 | 22 › What do we mean with policy? › How is policy different from politics? › What is governance? › Why do we have (public) policy? Public policy problems 15-10-2024 | 23 What is the most urgent public policy problem we have to deal with at the moment? Theoretical framework 15-10-2024 | 24 › Policy Cycle Policy challenges 15-10-2024 | 25 Policy-making 15-10-2024 | 26 › No simple cost-benefit analysis › Many actors involved (active and passive) › Political dynamics  formal and informal › Technical challenges Organizing policy-making 15-10-2024 | 27 › Operational challenges  Multi-level governance  Multi-sector governance  Finances From: www.pbl.nl/en/Landscape-governance-and-planning Effective policy management 15-10-2024 | 28 › “The ability to recognize, diagnose, and adequately address the interrelated political, organizational, and analytical complexities described above marks the litmus test for effective policy actors and public managers, and for the systems in which they work” (Wu et al, 2018) 15-10-2024 | 29 Policy actors (Wu et al, 2018) 15-10-2024 | 30 › Political acumen: “… an understanding of the key players, their key interests, and their strategies and resources.” › Analytical skills: “… diagnosing a situation or problem and for developing appropriate strategies to address it.” › Managerial expertise: “planning, organizing, staffing, budgeting, coordinating, and monitoring … to lead the development of alternative forms of network management, or to better coordinate and direct the activities of a multitude of actors involved in the policy process” Loop model 15-10-2024 | 31  Loop model 15-10-2024 | 32 Agenda setting Agenda setting  Loop model 15-10-2024 | 33 Policy formulation Agenda setting Agenda setting Policy formulation  Loop model 15-10-2024 | 34 Policy Decision formulation making Agenda setting Agenda setting Policy Decision formulation making  Loop model 15-10-2024 | 35 Policy Policy Decision implementation formulation making Agenda setting Agenda setting Policy Decision Policy formulation making implementation  Loop model 15-10-2024 | 36 Policy Policy Decision implementation formulation making Agenda setting Science informed policy making Agenda setting Policy Decision Policy formulation making implementation  Loop model 15-10-2024 | 37 Policy Policy Decision implementation formulation making Agenda setting Science informed policy Policy making evaluation Agenda setting Policy Decision Policy formulation making implementation Today 15-10-2024 | 38 › Policy theory Introduction › Business vs Policy › Policy, what is that? › Science Based Policy › Relation science & policy › Influencing policy Science Based Policy 15-10-2024 | 39  Science Based Policy 15-10-2024 | 40 Lacchia, A.R.; Schuitema, G.; Banerjee, A. “Following the Science”: In Search of Evidence-Based Policy for Indoor Air Pollution from Radon in Ireland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219197 Science Based Policy 15-10-2024 | 41 Science Based Policy 15-10-2024 | 42 Science & Policy 15-10-2024 | 43 Photo’s from Pixabay Science 15-10-2024 | 44 › Definition? › Objective? › Standard view, Mertonian norms, …  Communism  Universalism  Disinterestedness  Organized skepticism  Science-informed policy making 15-10-2024 | 45 Rathenau Instituut (2021). Vertrouwen van Nederlanders in wetenschap (enquête 2021). Den Haag (auteurs: Broek-Honingh van den, N., I. Glas en A. Vennekens)  Trust in science 15-10-2024 | 46 RABESANDRATANA, T. (2019). These are the countries that trust scientists the most-and the least. Science news, 18 June 2019. Retrieved from: www.science.org/content/article/global-survey-finds-strong-support-scientists Science & Policy 15-10-2024 | 47 › Different positions / relationships  Dualist position S-P  Politicized position P>S  Technocratic position S > P  Interactive position S≈P Your idea 15-10-2024 | 48 › Which relationship between policy and science is most prominent in Europe at this moment?  dualistic  politicized  technocratic  interactive Today (10.00-11.45h) 15-10-2024 | 49 › Policy theory Introduction › Business vs Policy › Policy, what is that? › Science Based Policy › Relation science & policy › Influencing policy Socially robust science 15-10-2024 | 50 › Credible (reliable) Socially robust science 15-10-2024 | 51 › Credible (reliable) › Salient (relevant, appropriate, useful)  Socially robust science 15-10-2024 | 52 › Credible (reliable) › Salient (relevant, appropriate) › Legitimate (accepted)  Not ‘legal’! Scientific uncertainties 15-10-2024 | 53 › Variability in natural and social systems › Measurement accuracy › Research design (clinical trials) › Quality or quantity of data › Credible (reliable) › Salient (relevant, appropriate) › Legitimate (accepted) Solutions to uncertainties 15-10-2024 | 54 › Increase credibility  More/better data or models  Analytic reproducibility & robustness › Increase salience  Openness about uncertainties  Transparency: scenario’s › Increase legitimacy  Public debates, co-design of research Scientific contributions to policy15-10-2024 | 55 1. On time: Policy cycle 2. Nature of the policy problem  Asks for different roles 3. Role / position  Own willingness and power On time: Policy cycle 15-10-2024 | 56 Policy cycle 15-10-2024 | 57 Also done by scientists Policy cycle 15-10-2024 | 58 Also done by scientists Scenario’s, causes, consequences Policy cycle 15-10-2024 | 59 Also done by scientists Scenario’s, causes, consequences Lobbying Policy cycle 15-10-2024 | 60 Also done by scientists Scenario’s, causes, consequences Policy instruments Lobbying Policy cycle 15-10-2024 | 61 Also done by scientists Done by scientists Scenario’s, causes, consequences Policy instruments Lobbying  Policy cycle: transparency 15-10-2024 | 62 Very open, in theory everyone involved Open in theory, aim: collective policy learning Partly open Governance: open Very closed Scientific contributions to policy15-10-2024 | 63 1. On time: Policy cycle 2. Nature of the policy problem  Asks for different roles 3. Role / position  Own willingness and power  Policy problems 15-10-2024 | 64 Societal dissensus Societal consensus Scientific uncertainty Untamed problem Scientific certainty Tamed problem Scientific contributions to policy15-10-2024 | 65 1. On time: Policy cycle 2. Nature of the policy problem  Asks for different roles 3. Role / position  Own willingness and power  Roles of scientists 15-10-2024 | 66 Societal dissensus Societal consensus Honest broker of Scientific uncertainty policy Issue advocate alternatives Scientific certainty Science arbiter Pure scientist Pielke, R.A. (2007). The Honest Broker. Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics. http://rogerpielkejr.blogspot.com/2015/01/five-modes-of-science-engagement.html  Roles of scientists 15-10-2024 | 67 Societal dissensus Societal consensus ”desire to clarify, or sometimes Honest brokerto of Scientific expand, the Uncertainty policy Issue advocate scope of options alternatives available for action as to empower the Scientific decision maker” certainty Science arbiter Pure scientist Pielke, R.A. (2007). The Honest Broker. Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics http://rogerpielkejr.blogspot.com/2015/01/five-modes-of-science-engagement.html  Willingness to bridge 15-10-2024 | 68 From: www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2019-using-scenarios-for-environmental-nature-and-spatial-planning-policy- 3435.pdf  15-10-2024 | 69 Melanie, Paschke & Pfisterer, Andrea & Hirschi, Christian & Last, Luisa & Pauli, Daniela & Studer, Bruno & Schubert, Jasmin & Herrendörfer, Robert & Nally, Kaitlin & Elyse,. (2019). Evidence-based policymaking.  15-10-2024 | 70 “It is a responsibility of the expert to be informed about engagement before engaging. It does no good to explain how you wish the world worked or how it should work as an excuse for not understanding real-world political context.” Pielke, R.A. (2007). The Honest Broker. Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics http://rogerpielkejr.blogspot.com/2015/01/five-modes-of-science-engagement.html  faculty of science science & society education and engineering 15-10-2024 | 71 Thank you for your attention Questions? [email protected] Further ‘reading’: Nature Podcast (November 2020) ‘Stick to the science’: when science gets political. A three-part podcast series explores the intimate relationship between politics and science. www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03067-w