Untitled document PDF

Sex: biological characteristics that include sex chromosomes Gender: the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits associated with a particular sex, within a certain culture and historical point Intersexed: Individual whose physical sex characteristics fall outside of the norms of...

Sex: biological characteristics that include sex chromosomes Gender: the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits associated with a particular sex, within a certain culture and historical point Intersexed: Individual whose physical sex characteristics fall outside of the norms of male/female dualism Cisgender: individuals whose gender identity corresponds with their birth sex Hypermasculinity: traditional masculinity in an extreme and exaggerated form Heteronormative: The view that heterosexuality is the expected or preferred sexual orientation Feminist Theories: Social and political practice and thought, micro and macro perspectives, assume society is structured based on gender, First wave (late 19th-early 20th century), Second wave feminism (1960’s), third wave (1990’s), Falls under the umbrella of critical theory, with aims to destabilize of the system of power and oppression. Contemporary gender inequality is maintained by individual sexism and institutionalized sexism. ethnicity: cultural characteristics such as language, religion, food, shared descent, cultural traditions and shared geographic locations Race: socially constructed categories used to classify people according to physical characteristics Prejudice: an attitude that is generalized to all members of a certain group Racism: a specific form of prejudice based on physical appearance, such as skin color Discrimination: mistreating someone because of their group membership Critical race theory: argues that racism serves the economic interests of the white dominant class and not members of racialized groups cognitive component: what individuals think, with stereotypes at the foundation of these thoughts affective component: how individuals feel- the emotions attached to stereotypes. the emotional component makes prejudice resistant to change behavioral component: prejudice put into action is discrimination- treating someone unfairly because of their group membership institutional discrimination: embedded in policies, laws and practices within organizations Healing journey and resiliency theory: Decolonization, recovering from trauma and ongoing healing journey unsheltered: living on the streets emergency sheltered: overnight shelters provisionally accomodated: temporary shelter at risk of homelessness: economic/housing situation precarious Anti-homeless laws: move along orders, citations and fines, limited access to public space/loitering, ani panhandling social laws: system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action and funding priorities concerning a given topic circulated by a governmental entity or its representatives  five giants: ill health, poor housing, insufficient education and unemployment social police in canada: political culture, ideology, centralization of power, globalization and social and economic characteristics civil rights: rights necessary for individual freedom, including liberty of speech, the right to own property and the right to justice political rights: include rights to participate in the exercise of political power and include participation in both parliament and local government. neo-liberal ideology: those who experience poverty and unemployement should be held responsible for their social location and required to provide for their own economic well-being sociological imagination: consider the private troubles of individuals and public issues connected to social policy values: complexity, human dignity, equity, participatory/inclusive, holistic 4 elements of public health approaches to crime prevention: define and monitor the problem using evidence, identify the risk and protective factors, develop and test prevention strategies and ensure widespread adoption Centre: Taken-for-granted norms of social organization set by features of privilege Ethnocentrism: the belief that one’s nation and culture are superior to those of others Expert knowledge: ways of knowing that specialized and often exclusive to those who develop them, influence how societies and people are understood Pervasiveness: social inequality in social institutions and individual consciousness Restrictiveness: oppression represents structural and material limitations that limit opportunities Hierarchical: privileged groups have unearned advantages Complex: Power and privilege because individuals who experience oppression can be parts of different groups Internalization: Oppression resides in the human psyche where beliefs are internalized Exploitation: connected to the labor market. A process where those in power can maintain their positions from the work and efforts of subordinate groups. means of production. Relations of power and inequality. Marginalization: Those who are resigned to the margins of society because the labor market cannot or will not accommodate them Powerlessness: Limiting one’s capacities. Lack of decision-making power. They are being treated disrespectfully. focus largely on the workplace professionals vs non. Cultural imperialism: Dominate groups use their norms to define how the world should be structured. Social institutions are based on the norms of the dominant group. They are measuring all groups by dominant group standards. Social constructions of deviance and inferiority. Violence: systematic violence experienced by subordinate groups. Physical harassment, ridicule. Stigmatization of group members. Direct victimization and fear of victimization are based on one’s group identity. Personal: Thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors that hold negative pre-judgement, stereotypes, and prejudice  Cultural: Values and norms, shared patterns of seeing, thinking, and acting. what is right? What is normal? Structural: Institutionalized oppression- laws, policies, and social processes/practices. economic and political systems.