2021 Grade 10 Systems Technologies PDF

Module 1.7) Extended Hardware concepts Grade 10 Theory Notes Systems technologies Input Devices  Mouse Pointing Devices ➜ Most common pointing device ➜ Has two buttons and a scroll wheel (m...

Module 1.7) Extended Hardware concepts Grade 10 Theory Notes Systems technologies Input Devices  Mouse Pointing Devices ➜ Most common pointing device ➜ Has two buttons and a scroll wheel (most common type of mouse) ➜ Gaming mice come in different shapes and even RGB colours.  Touch Pad Pointing Devices ➜ pressure sensitive surfaces built into laptops ➜ some include buttons for clicking ➜ they work by following the movement of your finger on this surface ➜ Alternative to the mouse  Pointing Stick Pointing Devices ➜ Alternative to a mouse ➜ used with laptops ➜ takes the form of a small button between the keys ➜ not common anymore except on business laptops  Pen input Pointing Devices ➜ pressure sensitive input device ➜ used with a digitising tablet ➜ allow you to draw or write far more naturally ➜ Called a stylus (Apple’s is the Apple Pencil)  Trackball Pointing Devices ➜ Device with a large ball on it. ➜ You move the pointer on the screen by rotating the ball with your finger ➜ Often used by people with disabilities  Touch screen Pointing Devices ➜ Used on smartphones and tablets ➜ Allows the user to interact with the system using gestures ➜ Touch screens are both input and output devices  Accelerometer ➜ This sensor detects movement. Sensors ➜ The accelerometer allows the device to change the orientation of the screen and to act as a game controller.  Temperature sensor ➜ Many devices have a temperature sensor to safeguard the electronics – if you leave your device in a hot place (e.g. the dashboard of the car), the device can get too hot for Sensors the electronics to work. ➜ If the device has a temperature sensor it can switch itself off until it cools down enough to be safe to use  Light sensor ➜ This sensor allows the device to adjust the brightness of the screen according to your Sensors surroundings. ➜ It is also used to switch off the screen when you hold the phone to your ear so that you don’t accidentally open apps or end the phone call!  Electronic compass ➜ This sensor works like a compass and shows you the Sensors direction in which the device is pointing Sensors  types of gaming devices Gaming Devices Controlling a game with a keyboard or mouse is not intuitive or enjoyable. A whole range of devices have been developed, including: ➜ Joystick ➜ Complete driving seat ➜ Steering Wheels ➜ Controller  digital camera Other Devices ➜ Cheap and easy to use ➜ Small, light and don't require you to purchase film ➜ Allows you to view your photos immediately ➜ Can extend memory on device by storing data on an sd card as well internal memory ➜ Easy to download photos onto a computer (using bluetooth, USB cable or SD card)  flatbed & sheet fed scanners Reading Devices Flatbed scanner: ➜ Slightly larger than A4 in size scanner & ➜ Can scan photos, magazines and documents Sheetfed Scanner: ➜ Portable scanner ➜ Smaller than Flatbed scanner ➜ Can only scan one page rather than a book  QR Code readers Reading Devices ➜ A QR (Quick Response) code is designed to allow you to quickly obtain and enter longer text scanner & information (e.g. a web address) simply by using the camera on your mobile device. ➜ Scanning a QR code usually opens a web page with more information on the item scanned ➜ Most modern smartphones have QR code readers built into the camera app.  barcode readers Reading Devices ➜ Used in places such as shops and libraries scanner & ➜ Works by shining a laser onto a pattern of black lines and recognises a numerical code that is associated with that item ➜ Works with Point of Sales (POS) systems  biometric scanners Reading Devices ➜ This is technology that measures something biologically unique to you such as, fingerprints, or the scanner & pattern of the iris of your eye ➜ Built into some laptops and smartphones (Fingerprint / Facial recognition) ➜ Biometric flash drives are also becoming more popular  card input Reading Devices ➜ Used on bank cards and credit cards to store data scanner & ➜ Modern bank cards now have a built in chip (rather than a magnetic strip) to prevent the illegal duplication of such cards  RFID - Radio Frequency Identification Reading Devices Uses small radio devices to store and transmit data E.g - Scan pets that have scanner & been microchipped, access to buildings, built into bank cards, etc.  Optical MArk Recognition Reading Devices OMR: computerised tests can be scanned and marked using optical mark recognition scanner & technology. OMR Reader  Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Reading Devices MICR: Bank cheques have account numbers printed on them using special magnetic ink. scanner & Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is used to speed up the way in which these cheques are processed  Optical Character Recognition Reading Devices OCR: (Optical Character Recognition) Allows you to take a scanned document (which is scanner & saved as an image) and convert it into an editable document Video & Audio video and audio input Why would you want to get video onto the computer? ➜ edit videos into movies or video clips ➜ add video to presentations Devices ➜ carry on video communication ➜ share with friends using services like YouTube Video & Audio video and audio input How can you get video onto your computer? ➜ Record directly from a webcam ➜ transfer from smart device Devices / camera by: Plugging USB / FireWire cable into computer ➜ Remove storage card from camera Video & Audio video and audio input What can sound be used for? ➜ Recording and mixing music ➜ Record narration for presentations ➜ Inputting text Devices ➜ Giving computers commands NB: to input live sound you need a microphone video and audio input Output Devices audio output What is sound used for? ➜ Giving the user feedback when interacting with the computer ➜ Making it easier for disabled people to use a computer by reading interface items to them ➜ Make games more realistic ➜ Turn computers into entertainment devices data projectors A data projector connects to your computer and projects whatever is displaying on your monitor onto a screen or wall Other Devices multi function printers Number of functions rolled into one device: ➜ Printer ➜ Scanner ➜ Fax to Email (Scan to Email) ➜ Photocopier Advantages: Save space, Cost less and only needs a single usb connection port fax machines Stand alone device that scans a document and transmits the image via a telephone line to another fax machine, which prints it out Fax-to-Email allows you to send a fax to someone's email address Storage Devices & Media cd / dvd / blu-ray CD’s used for distributing music DVD’s and Blu-Ray are used to distribute Tv series and movies Storage capacity: CD - 700MB DVD - 4.7GB These discs are referred to as optical discs and are read by Blue-Ray - 50GB optical readers (DVD player or Blu-Ray player)  memory cards Digital cameras, smartphones (android) and tablets store their pictures, files, APPS and videos on Micro SD Card Reader memory cards. A Card Reader is a device that connects to your computer and allows you to access the data on a memory card Micro SD Card PROCESSING  Ports CPU Heatsink ROM Chip Power Supply Plug RAM Slots ROM Chip Motherboard processing - the motherboard ➜ Large rectangular board ➜ Largest circuit board in the computer ➜ Allows all the other parts of the computer to connect to it ➜ Allows all parts of the computer to communicate with each other processing - the cpu ➜ CPU = Central processing unit ➜ Part of the computer that performs all the processing of data and carrying out of instructions ➜ plugs into a socket on the motherboard (found underneath the fan) ➜ Speed is measured in GHz(Gigahertz) ➜ Speed indicates how many instructions the CPU can process in a second ➜ Number of cores: Dual Core, Quad Core and Octo Core processing -ram ➜ RAM = random access memory ➜ RAM is where the CPU keeps its instructions while processing ➜ Is volatile - loses its contents when the power goes out ➜ Supplied in modules called DIMMs (Dual Inline Memory Module) which clip into the RAM slots on the motherboard ➜ RAM is fast (electrical not mechanical) ➜ The more RAM the better the computer will perform processing - rom ➜ ROM = Read only memory ➜ Special chip on motherboard that holds instructions needed to start the computer ➜ Is non Volatile - keeps its contents when the power is switched off