2020 Metabolism Review Answer Key PDF

# Metabolism Review ## Cellular Energy Review 1. What are enzymes? What do they "do"? How do they work? They are biological catalysts which speed up reactions, they are proteins that bring reactants together to speed up the process. 2. Describe the different ways that enzymatic activity can be al...

# Metabolism Review ## Cellular Energy Review 1. What are enzymes? What do they "do"? How do they work? They are biological catalysts which speed up reactions, they are proteins that bring reactants together to speed up the process. 2. Describe the different ways that enzymatic activity can be altered due to the environment. Enzymes do not get "used up" by chemical reactions, but, if you boil them (or change their shape) they will not work. Increasing or decreasing temperature or acidity CAN affect function. 3. Identify & describe all five points of the diagram below. | Point | Description | |---|---| | A | Initial state (Reactants) | | B | Activation Energy (without enzyme) | | C | Activation Energy (with enzyme) | | D | Energy change | | E | Final state (Products) | 3. Fill out the following comparison chart. | | Anabolic | Catabolic | |:--------:|:--------:|:--------:| | **Energy** | Consumes energy | Releases energy | | **Builds or breaks down?** | Builds Up | Breaks down | | **Example of process** | Photosynthesis | Cell Respiration | ## Photosynthesis Review 4. What is the molecule below? Identify ALL of the components of this molecule. - Adenine - Phosphates (PPP) - Ribose 5. What is ATP? Describe where it comes from and what it is made of. (see above) Adenosine Tri Phosphate - The "battery" of the cell that drives cell processes. 6. What is ADP? Describe how it is different from ATP and where energy is released. The "reduced" (less energetic) form of ATP - energy is released when the phosphate is broken off. 7. What is the photosynthesis equation? (Write both the chemical and "layman's terms" versions) - $6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ - Carbon Dioxide + water produces glucose & oxygen 8. Where does the light-dependent reaction specifically take place? In the thylakoid (green disks in the chloroplast) 9. Where does the Calvin Cycle occur? In the Stroma (the space outside the thylakoid) 10. List at least 4 different factors that could negatively or positively affect photosynthesis. - Water - Temperature - Light Intensity - $CO_2$ Availability ## Cell Respiration Review 11. Label the diagram below. - $H_2O$ - $CO_2$ - Light - Granum - NADP - ADP - Light reactions - Dark Reactions (AKA Calvin cycle) - ATP - NADPH - Thylakoid - Stroma - $O_2$ - Glucose 12. What is the cellular respiration equation? (Write both the chemical and "layman's terms" versions) - $6O_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$ - Oxygen + Sugar -> Carbon Dioxide & Water 13. What are the 3 processes of cellular respiration and WHERE do they occur? - Glycolysis -> cytoplasm - Krebs Cycle - Electron Transport Chain -> Mitochondria (ETC) 14. What do the 3 processes create or produce? - Glycolysis -> Pyruvate + electron carriers - Krebs Cycle -> A little ATP, $CO_2$, and electron carriers - ETC -> A lot of ATP 15. How much ATP is made at each process? - Glycolysis -> 2 ATP - Krebs -> 2 ATP - ETC -> 32 ATP; 34 Net ATP from "Aerobic Respiration" 36 Total from the breakdown of 1 glucose. 16. Fill in and label the diagram below. - Glucose - Glycolysis - Krebs Cycle - ETC - Oxygen - 2 ATP - Total: 34 ATP (ATP - reduced electron carriers (NAD / FAD)) - $CO_2$ - Ends with: acetyl CoA - $H_2O$ - Ends with: 17. What is the role of Oxygen in the Electron Transport chain? It is the final "electron acceptor" in aerobic cellular respiration. 18. What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration and how are they different? - Lactic acid fermentation & alcoholic fermentation - They have different products, but both allow glycolysis to "restart" - only 2 ATP produced. 19. Fill in the following table using the characteristics of the 2 types of cellular respiration. | | Aerobic | Anaerobic | |:-----------:|:--------:|:---------:| | **Oxygen present?** | Yes! | NOPE | | **Amount of ATP produced** | 36 Total | 2 ATP | | **Which stages (processes) occur?** | Glycolysis + Kreb's + ETC | Glycolysis + fermentation | | **Location of process(es)** | mainly mitochondria | cytoplasm | 20. When does the Kred's Cycle NOT occur? When there is no Oxygen in the cell. 21. Describe how ETC's and ATP synthase make ATP. ETC's create Hydrogen ion (H+) "gradients" on one side of the membrane. Then, H+ ions diffuse through ATP synthase.