2020-PPT-leadership.docx

L eadership in c l inical ========================= ### Leadership - Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. - The process of encouraging and helping others to work enthusiastically towards objectives. - Al...

L eadership in c l inical ========================= ### Leadership - Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. - The process of encouraging and helping others to work enthusiastically towards objectives. - Alan Keith stated that, \"Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen. - others. - others. - achieving a shared goal. - qualities or characteristics with which he or she to influence others - Management - is a process of planning - Leadership - is the process of influencing for the purpose of achieving shared goals. - **John kotter** distinction : \ LEADERS  - Leadership transforms potential into reality. - Leadership is not mere using people and their potential for realising an organisation's goals.It has the ultimate aim of raising the level of human conduct and ethical aspiration of both the leader and the led. - The leader should elevate,inspire, and evangelise - Occurs when a manager leads by exercising formal authority. - The exercise of formal authority through assigning duties derives,from the managers official position within the - Any employee who is assigned a managerial position has the opportunity and responsibility to exercise formal leadership - Arises when a person without formal authority is influential Authoritarian Democratic Free-rein Consultative Pursuasive #### Autocratic or authoritarian style - Under the autocratic leadership style, all decision-making powers are centralized in the leader, as with dictator leaders. - They do not entertain any suggestions or initiatives from subordinates. The autocratic management has been successful as it provides strong motivation to the manager. - It permits quick decision-making, as only one person decides for the whole group and keeps each decision to himself until he feels it is needed to be shared with the rest of the group. - High degree of dependency on the leader - May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need to #### Participative or democratic style - The democratic leadership style favours decision-making by the group. - They can win the cooperation of their group and can motivate them effectively and positively. - The decisions of the democratic leader are not unilateral as with the autocrat because they arise from consultation with the group members and participation by them. - **Consultative:** process of consultation before decisions are taken - **Persuasive:** Leader takes decision and seeks to persuade others that the decision is correct. ##### Laissez --Faire or free rein style - A free rein leader does not lead, but **leaves the group entirely to itself** such a leader **allows maximum freedom to subordinates**, i.e. they are given a free hand in deciding their own policies and methods. - are important - their working life - consuming and lacking in overall direction Relies on good team work. Based on task versus people Emphasis -- -- -- -- Mc Gregor's theory Theory X Theory Y  ###### Entrepreneurship leadership style 5. A much stronger interest in dealing with customers than employees. 6. A strong dislike for bureaucratic rules and regulations. 7. Anxiety to consolidate business gains as quickly as possible. Theories of leadership ====================== Trait Theory - Focuses on individual characteristics of successful leaders. - Leaders possess a set of traits which make them distinct from followers. - Ralph stogdill -- - A strong desire for accomplishment. - Creativity and intelligence. - Initiative. - High tolerence. Behavioural Theory ------------------ - Main focus is behaviours of actual leaders. - Determines how various kinds of specific leaders behaviour affect the performance and satisfaction of followers. Managerial grid ------------------------------------- - Blake and Moton - 5. 'concern for production' **9** **8** **7** **6** **5** **4** **3** **2** **1** Contingency theory ---------------------------------------- - Behaviour of leader depends upon characteristic of situation leader is in. - Implies under what conditions will employee oriented leadership will be effective and under what type of conditions production oriented leadership be more effective. - Most popular theories -- 1. Fiedler's contingency model. 1. His motivational style. 2. The favourableness of situation. - Maturity of followers as a contingency variable. - Situational leadership requires leader's emphasis on task behaviours and relationship behaviour according to maturity of followers