Chapter 2 - Business Leadership Notes (Management Theory) PDF

MCGREGOR - Theory X & Y 1)​ Theory X assume? Employees are lazy, unmotivated and only work for personal success. 2)​ Theory Y assume? Employees are internally motivated, and are passionate about the work they are doing. 3)​ McGregor prefers theory Y! ARGYRIS - Theory of Adult Pers...

MCGREGOR - Theory X & Y 1)​ Theory X assume? Employees are lazy, unmotivated and only work for personal success. 2)​ Theory Y assume? Employees are internally motivated, and are passionate about the work they are doing. 3)​ McGregor prefers theory Y! ARGYRIS - Theory of Adult Personality 1)​ Employees do not work to the best of their ability when…? They are treated like children. 2)​ What is poor motivation in employees caused by? Incorrect management practice and mature adult personality. 3)​ How is the Theory of Adult Personality not used in the present day? To reduce initiative and work independently. WILLIAM OUCHI - Management Theory 1)​ Theory Z? A way of thinking about work that encourages workers to be generalists, taking on continuous training. 2)​ Benefits of implementing Theory Z into an organization? Reduce employee turnover, increase productivity, increase job satisfaction. 3)​ How does Theory Z address work life balance? Focuses on teamwork and job security, helping employees maintain a good work life balance. ABRAHAM MASLOW - 5 Levels of Human Needs 1)​ How did Maslow describe a need? A physiological or psychological deficiency. 2)​ What level of need continues to grow as it is satisfied? Self-actualization needs. 3)​ Which 2 must be true for a person to be motivated to fulfill a need? Need is deficient + needs below it are satisfied. HENRI FAYOL - Administrative Management Theory 1)​ What is one of Henri Fayol’s 14 principles of management? Unity of command 2)​ Which of the following is NOT a principle of Fayol’s management theory? Scientific Planning 3)​ Henri Fayol’s theory is focused on which aspect of management? Administrative Management W. EDWARDS DEMING - Total Quality Management (TQM) 1)​ TQM is the overall quality of human experience when working in the workplace? False  2)​ In relation to TQM - ____ is essential in running a business or organization? Continuous Improvement 3)​ What is NOT considered to be applicable to Total Quality Commitment? Organization Management FREDERICK HERZBERG - Two Factor Theory 1)​ What are examples of hygiene factors in Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory? Salary, Work Relationships 2)​ What are examples of motivation factors in Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory? Recognition & Achievement 3)​ What’s the effect of increasing motivators in the working environment? Make employees more productive and committed ELTON MAYO - The Hawthorne Theory 1)​ What major change did the Hawthorne studies bring to management practices? Focused on workers’ psychological well-being alongside physical work conditions. 2)​ What initial factor was the focus of the Hawthirne experiments? The effects of lighting on worker productivity. 3)​ The Hawthorne effect continues to influence business practices today by: Highlighting the role of managerial observation and attention in employee training and supervision. MAX WEBER - Theory of Bureaucracy 1)​ Which one of the following is NOT an advantage to bureaucracy? Business rules do not affect everyone equally. 2)​ One advantage of bureaucratic organization? Efficiency 3)​ What is one of the management principles in bureaucracy? Division of labour WARREN BENNIS - Difference between Leadership and management 1)​ What is the key difference between leadership and management? Leaders inspire and guide people, managers focus on process and administration. 2)​ Does Warren Bennis believe leadership to be something you’re born with or can be developed overtime? Leadership is not natural, but can be learned and developed over time. 3)​ Which of these statements are true? A good leader would play to their strengths and surround themselves with others who can compensate for their weaknesses.