Characteristics, Process, and Ethics of Research PDF

Characteristics, Process, and Ethics of Research  Characteristics of Research 1. Accuracy ✓ It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged. 2. Objectiveness ✓ It must deal with...

Characteristics, Process, and Ethics of Research  Characteristics of Research 1. Accuracy ✓ It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged. 2. Objectiveness ✓ It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.  Characteristics of Research 3. Timeliness ✓ It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society. 4. Relevance ✓ Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community.  Characteristics of Research 5. Clarity ✓ It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct language. 6. Systematic ✓ It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.  Ethics of Research Honesty ✓ Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. ✓ Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. ✓ Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. ✓ Do not deceive colleagues, granting agencies, or the public.  Ethics of Research Objectivity ✓ Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. ✓ Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception. Disclose personal or financial interests that may affect research. Integrity ✓ Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.  Ethics of Research Carefulness ✓ Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your own work and the work of your peers. ✓ Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection, research design, and correspondence with agencies or journals. Openness ✓ Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.  Ethics of Research Respect for Intellectual Property ✓ Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. ✓ Give credit where credit is due. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research. Never plagiarize. Confidentiality ✓ Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.  Ethics of Research Social Responsibility ✓ Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy. Non-Discrimination ✓ Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity. Legality ✓ Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies.  Ethics of Research Human Subjects Protection ✓ When conducting research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take special precautions with vulnerable populations; and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly. - Voluntary participation - Informed consent - anonymity  Ethics of Research ▪ Even when clear ethical standards and principles exist, there will be times when the need to do accurate research runs up against the rights of potential participants. ▪ There needs to be a procedure that assures that researchers will consider all relevant ethical issues in formulating research plans.